CN107615966A - The management method of Chinese chestnut Orchard Soil - Google Patents
The management method of Chinese chestnut Orchard Soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the management method of Chinese chestnut Orchard Soil, belongs to soil management technical field.The management method of this Chinese chestnut Orchard Soil comprises the following steps：(1) retting organic fertilizer, organic fertilizer is prepared using plant powder and retting liquid；(2) put earthworm in a suitable place to breed, earthworm is put in a suitable place to breed in the underground of Chinese chestnut tree；(3) fertilising shield soil, the Chinese chestnut special fertilizer formed using the configuration of composite fertilizer, dry pig manure, Pseudomonas fluorescens and dazomet is spread fertilizer over the fields.This method can be effectively improved the soil property of Chestnut Orchard, ability of increasing soil fertility and retain and conserve soil moisture.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to soil management technical field, and in particular to the management method of Chinese chestnut Orchard Soil.
Background technology
Chinese chestnut, You Mingli, Chinese chestnut, chestnut, Feng Li, be Fagaceae Castanea plant, originate in China, be distributed in Vietnam,
TaiWan, China and CONTINENTAL AREA OF CHINA, the area of height above sea level 370-2800 rice is grown on, is more common in mountain region, by artificial extensive
Cultivation.Chestnut is nutritious, and Vitamin C content is more taller than tomato, even more the more than ten of apple times.Mineral matter in Chinese chestnut
Also very comprehensively, there are potassium, zinc, iron etc., although content is high without fibert, but still it is more much higher than common fruits such as apples, especially contain
Potassium amount is higher by 3 times than apple.
As the improvement of people's living standards, the nutritive value and economic value of Chinese chestnut are increasingly valued by people,
Plantation development of the Chinese chestnut in China is constantly expanding.Plant the soil nutrient status of Chinese chestnut influences on Chinese chestnut yield and quality
It is very big, the soil management of Chestnut Orchard, it is an important management project in Chinese chestnut plantation.In recent years, in order to improve the production of Chinese chestnut
Amount, due to applying fertilizer, single, amount is big in the Chinese chestnut plantation of various regions, is destroyed soil texture, and to the pipe of Chinese chestnut Orchard Soil
Reason is not scientific and reasonable enough, makes soil increasingly hardened, and the permeability of soil is deteriorated, and water, fertilizer, air and heat are difficult to coordinative role, Chinese chestnut
Tree root system is undeveloped, and utilization rate of fertilizer is reduced, and soil-borne disease is serious, and water conservation drought-resistant ability declines, and causes constantly have Chestnut Orchard
Soil erosion, soil fertility declines, or even serious degenerate occurs for the soil of Chestnut Orchard.
At present, also need solve following problem in Chinese chestnut planting process：Yield and the soil conservation for how balancing Chinese chestnut are good
The relation of biological property, to ensure that Chinese chestnut tree can continue to get bumper crops；How to allow the soil of Chestnut Orchard to retain and conserve soil moisture, improve
Fertility, mitigate pest and disease damage, improve the permeability of soil, increase soil organic matter content, improve soil physico-chemical property, so as to promote
Enter Chinese chestnut tree robust growth, improve fruiting quantities and quality.
The content of the invention
The invention aims to solve above mentioned problem existing for prior art, according to the growth characteristics of Chinese chestnut and Chinese chestnut
The Chestnut Orchard produced problem in planting process, there is provided a kind of management method of Chinese chestnut Orchard Soil, this method can improve Chinese chestnut
The soil property in garden, improve soil permeability, ability of increasing soil fertility and retain and conserve soil moisture.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：
The management method of Chinese chestnut Orchard Soil, methods described comprise the following steps：
(1) retting organic fertilizer：After Chinese chestnut fallen leaves are complete, plant powder is spread fertilizer over the fields on the ground for being covered in Chinese chestnut tree, every mu
1000-1200kg is spread fertilizer over the fields, after spraying retting liquid 0.5-1h, then applies last layer sposh, starts retting organic fertilizer；
The retting liquid is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight：Urea 2-3 parts, quick lime 0.4-0.5 parts, EM bacterium stostes 3-
6 parts, 100 parts of clear water；Above raw material is well mixed, you can obtain retting liquid；
(2) earthworm is put in a suitable place to breed：Earthworm and the soil for cultivating earthworm are fitted into earthworm box together, the side of earthworm box is provided with earthworm
The duck eye that earthworm can come in and go out；Organic fertilizer retting digs groove after 15-20 days, on the ground of Chinese chestnut tree, the earthworm box equipped with earthworm
It is put into groove, then covers last layer thin soil；
(3) fertilising shield soil：5-10 days after Chinese chestnut tree starts germination, trench digging applied Chinese chestnut special fertilizer, and every mu is applied 80-
100kg, after Chinese chestnut special fertilizer spreads fertilizer over the fields, the soil covering that will be dug out backfills；The Chinese chestnut special fertilizer by following parts by weight original
Material is made：Composite fertilizer's 130-150 parts, dry pig manure 100-120 parts, Pseudomonas fluorescens 0.05-0.1 parts, dazomet 0.5-1.0 parts；
Above-mentioned raw materials are well mixed.
Above-mentioned technical proposal, preferably, in step (1), the plant powder is after drying weeds, agricultural crop straw
Chopping, stirs obtained.
Above-mentioned technical proposal, it is described when spreading fertilizer over the fields plant powder preferably, in step (1), apart from Chinese chestnut tree trunk root
Do not spread fertilizer over the fields in the range of 20-30cm around portion.Do not spread fertilizer over the fields around trunk, be to prevent in the retting process of organic fertilizer, influence
The root strength of Chinese chestnut tree is breathed freely, and causes Chinese chestnut tree growth retardation.
Above-mentioned technical proposal, preferably, in step (1), the retting liquid is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight：Urea
2.5 parts, 0.4 part of quick lime, 4 parts of EM bacterium stoste, 100 parts of clear water.
Above-mentioned technical proposal, preferably, in step (1), the fountain height of the retting liquid is every mu of 100-200kg.
Above-mentioned technical proposal, preferably, in step (2), the earthworm box that every mu of Chestnut Orchard is placed is 15-20,
8-10 bar earthworms are housed in each earthworm box.
Above-mentioned technical proposal, preferably, in step (2), the depth of the groove is 20-30cm.
Above-mentioned technical proposal, preferably, in step (3), the Chinese chestnut special fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight：
140 parts of composite fertilizer, dry 115 parts of pig manure, 0.07 part of Pseudomonas fluorescens, 0.8 part of dazomet.
Above-mentioned technical proposal, preferably, the composite fertilizer is 21-6-13 NPKs.The 21-6-13 ternarys are answered
Hefei is pure nitre sulfur ternary composite fertilizer, rich in potassium, can improve soil environment, is purchased from the limited public affairs of Shaanxi Xinghua agricultural development
Department.
Beneficial effect：
1st, the present invention can effectively increase soil fertility by retting organic fertilizer.Organic matter is to form and maintain soil group
The critical substances of kernel structure, it is possible to increase soil fertility by increasing the content of organic matter of soil, applying organic manure
It is the increase very direct method of the soil organism.The present invention sprays retting liquid during retting organic fertilizer, in plant powder,
Mainly it is the effect of EM bacterium by microorganism, plant powder is fully fermented, decomposites the nutrient required for Chinese chestnut tree, and
It is movable that microorganism is adapted in neutral or subalkaline environment, and acid-base value is too high or too low to be all unfavorable for its breeding, plant powder
In fermentation, substantial amounts of organic acid can be produced, the present invention with the addition of a certain amount of quick lime, except that can neutralize organic acid, also
The wax of plant surface can be removed, makes plant be easier to absorb moisture and ferment, accelerates the decomposition of organic matter, such retting
Organic fertilizer quality it is more preferable；In addition, urea is added in retting liquid can accelerate rotting for plant powder, while nitrogen can be increased
Fertilizer.EM bacterium are grown altogether by its profitable strain and the symbiosis such as actinomyces in soil, can form the good growing environment of Chinese chestnut tree, profit
Grown in Chinese chestnut tree.Organic fertilizer after this method fermentation contains abundant nutriment and organic matter, can fast activating soil,
Promote the formation of soil granular structure, effectively solve the problems, such as soil hardening.
2nd, the present invention puts earthworm in a suitable place to breed in the soil of Chinese chestnut tree, and earthworm inherently has the ability loosened the soil, it is possible to increase soil
Permeability, enable the organic fertilizer of retting preferably by the Root Absorption of Chinese chestnut tree；In addition, the excrement of earthworm discharge has group
Kernel structure, loose, aeration is good, and fertilizer conservation moistening effect is good, can improve because soil caused by a large amount of inputs of chemical fertilizer becomes
Acid, the problems such as being hardened, be hardened, acid-base value can be adjusted, increase soil porosity, permeability, reach the purpose for improving soil.
Meanwhile N, P, the K accumulated in the activation of earthworm fecal energy and decomposition soil, a variety of growth factors in soil are activated, are advantageous to Chinese chestnut tree
Balanced growth.Earthworm can consume the food suitable with own body weight daily, and abdomen, digestion, absorption, row are crossed by earthworm
Let out, reformed into the wormcast containing 200 multiple-microorganisms, a kind of extraordinary organic fertilizer, compared with common chemical fertilizer,
N-P-K content is higher, and Chinese chestnut tree assimilation effect is more preferable.The present invention is that the soil of earthworm and cultivation earthworm is placed on into earthworm together first
Earthworm box, then earthworm box is placed in the groove that Chinese chestnut field is dug out, can so it give earthworm one mistake to shake down
Journey, earthworm slowly can climb out of food finding thing in earthworm box from the duck eye of earthworm box, if the temporarily environment of inadaptable outside, also
It can climb back in box, so earthworm can be made preferably to grow and breed, reduce the death rate of earthworm, improve earthworm
Breeding potential, make the more preferable of earthworm more active growth.
3rd, the Pseudomonas fluorescens in Chinese chestnut special fertilizer is a kind of gramnegative bacterium being distributed widely in soil, is
A kind of plant rhizosphere growth-promoting bacterium, the antibacterial metabolites such as effective siderophore, antibiotic, extracellular hydrolase and HCN can be produced,
Apply in the present invention that effectively from the infringement of pathogenic microorganism, the disease-resistant of Chinese chestnut tree can be strengthened by protection board chestnut root system
Bacterium ability, played an important role in terms of Chinese chestnut tree rhizosphere balance, preventing and treating Chinese chestnut tree disease is maintained.Cotton in Chinese chestnut special fertilizer
It is grand, poisonous methyl-isorhodanate, formaldehyde and hydrogen sulfide etc. can be resolved into, is diffused between soil particle rapidly, is effectively killed
Various nematodes in soil, pathogen, the weed seed of subterranean pest-insect and sprouting, so as to reach the effect of cleaning soil.By multiple
Hefei, the mutual cooperation of dry pig manure, Pseudomonas fluorescens and dazomet, nutrient, the enough protection boards of and can either be provided for Chinese chestnut tree
Li Yuan soil, reduce the generation of pest and disease damage.
4th, the present invention cooperates management by each step, improves soil function：With the rotten decomposition of plant powder, have
The increase of machine matter, the earthworm multiplication put in a suitable place to breed, earthworm is largely movable, soil is become loose, porosity increase, soil air
All improved with water regime, and then add the type and quantity of Soil Microorganism, microbial activities is vigorous, accelerates
The decomposition of organic matter, humus accumulation increases, be advantageous to the formation of soil granular structure, not only can loose clay, can also improve
Sandy soil disperse structureless state, coordinate the water, fertilizer, air and heat of soil, strengthen venting and water permeable ability and fertilizer conservation, the guarantor of soil
Water, fertilizer, water supply capacity；Coordinate the administration of the Chinese chestnut special fertilizer applied, harmful microbe existence and breeding can be suppressed, mended
Soil nutrient is filled, soil effective K, rapid available phosphorus, total nitrogen content is improved, ensures the fertility of soil.
Embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
The management method of Chinese chestnut Orchard Soil, methods described comprise the following steps：
(1) retting organic fertilizer：After Chinese chestnut fallen leaves are complete, plant powder is spread fertilizer over the fields on the ground for being covered in Chinese chestnut tree, every mu
1100kg is spread fertilizer over the fields, when spreading fertilizer over the fields plant powder, is not spread fertilizer over the fields in the range of the 20-30cm around Chinese chestnut tree trunk root；Planting
Retting liquid is sprayed on thing powder, the fountain height of retting liquid is every mu of 120kg；After spraying retting liquid 0.5h, then to apply last layer dilute
Mud, start retting organic fertilizer；
The plant powder is with 1 after drying weeds, agricultural crop straw：1 mass ratio chopping, stirs obtained；
The retting liquid is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight：2.5 parts of urea, 0.4 part of quick lime, 4 parts of EM bacterium stoste, clearly
100 parts of water；Above raw material is well mixed, you can obtain retting liquid.
(2) earthworm is put in a suitable place to breed：Earthworm and the soil for cultivating earthworm are fitted into earthworm box together, earthworm box is what the scraps of paper were made
Square box, the box that the scraps of paper are made can degrade automatically after use after a while, and earthworm is just more active in the ground of Chinese chestnut tree
Under, the side of earthworm box is provided with the duck eye that earthworm can come in and go out；After organic fertilizer retting 18 days, groove is dug on the ground of Chinese chestnut tree,
The depth of groove is 25cm；Earthworm box equipped with earthworm is put into groove, then covers last layer thin soil；Every mu of Chestnut Orchard
The earthworm box of placement is 18, and 10 earthworms are housed in each earthworm box.
(3) fertilising shield soil：The 8th day after Chinese chestnut tree starts germination, trench digging applied Chinese chestnut special fertilizer, and every mu is applied 90kg, plate
After chestnut special fertilizer spreads fertilizer over the fields, the soil covering that will be dug out backfills, and sprinkles water and moistens earthing；
The Chinese chestnut special fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight：140 parts of 21-6-13 NPKs, dry pig manure 115
Part, 0.07 part of Pseudomonas fluorescens, 0.8 part of dazomet；Above-mentioned raw materials are well mixed；The Pseudomonas fluorescens is selected from
Shanghai Fu Xiang bio tech ltd, dazomet are selected from the grand Chemical Co., Ltd. of Wuhan good luck.
Embodiment 2
The management method of Chinese chestnut Orchard Soil, methods described comprise the following steps：
(1) retting organic fertilizer：After Chinese chestnut fallen leaves are complete, plant powder is spread fertilizer over the fields on the ground for being covered in Chinese chestnut tree, every mu
1000kg is spread fertilizer over the fields, when spreading fertilizer over the fields plant powder, is not spread fertilizer over the fields in the range of the 20-30cm around Chinese chestnut tree trunk root；Planting
Retting liquid is sprayed on thing powder, the fountain height of retting liquid is every mu of 100kg；After spraying retting liquid 1h, then last layer sposh is applied,
Start retting organic fertilizer；
The plant powder is with 2 after drying weeds, agricultural crop straw：1 mass ratio chopping, stirs obtained；
The retting liquid is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight：2 parts of urea, 0.4 part of quick lime, 3 parts of EM bacterium stoste, clear water
100 parts；Above raw material is well mixed, you can obtain retting liquid.
(2) earthworm is put in a suitable place to breed：Earthworm and the soil for cultivating earthworm are fitted into earthworm box together, earthworm box is what the scraps of paper were made
Box, the side of earthworm box are provided with the duck eye that earthworm can come in and go out；After organic fertilizer retting 15 days, dug on the ground of Chinese chestnut tree recessed
Groove, the depth of groove is 20cm；Earthworm box equipped with earthworm is put into groove, then covers last layer thin soil；Every mu of Chinese chestnut
The earthworm box that garden is placed is 15, and 10 earthworms are housed in each earthworm box.
(3) fertilising shield soil：The 5th day after Chinese chestnut tree starts germination, trench digging applied Chinese chestnut special fertilizer, and every mu is applied 80kg, plate
After chestnut special fertilizer spreads fertilizer over the fields, the soil covering that will be dug out backfills, and sprinkles water and moistens earthing；
The Chinese chestnut special fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight：21-6-13 NPKs, dry 100 parts of pig manure are glimmering
0.05 part of light pseudomonad, 0.5 part of dazomet；Above-mentioned raw materials are well mixed.
Embodiment 3
The management method of Chinese chestnut Orchard Soil, methods described comprise the following steps：
(1) retting organic fertilizer：After Chinese chestnut fallen leaves are complete, plant powder is spread fertilizer over the fields on the ground for being covered in Chinese chestnut tree, every mu
1200kg is spread fertilizer over the fields, when spreading fertilizer over the fields plant powder, is not spread fertilizer over the fields in the range of the 20-30cm around Chinese chestnut tree trunk root；Planting
Retting liquid is sprayed on thing powder, the fountain height of retting liquid is every mu of 200kg；After spraying retting liquid 0.5h, then to apply last layer dilute
Mud, start retting organic fertilizer；
The plant powder is shredded after being dried weeds, agricultural crop straw with arbitrary proportion, is stirred obtained；
The retting liquid is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight：3 parts of urea, 0.5 part of quick lime, 6 parts of EM bacterium stoste, clear water
100 parts；Above raw material is well mixed, you can obtain retting liquid.
(2) earthworm is put in a suitable place to breed：Earthworm and the soil for cultivating earthworm are fitted into earthworm box together, earthworm box is what the scraps of paper were made
Square box, the side of earthworm box are provided with the duck eye that earthworm can come in and go out；After organic fertilizer retting 20 days, on the ground of Chinese chestnut tree
Groove is dug, the depth of groove is 30cm；Earthworm box equipped with earthworm is put into groove, then covers last layer thin soil；It is described every mu
The earthworm box that Chestnut Orchard is placed is 20, and 8 earthworms are housed in each earthworm box.
(3) fertilising shield soil：The 10th day after Chinese chestnut tree starts germination, trench digging applied Chinese chestnut special fertilizer, and every mu is applied 100kg,
After Chinese chestnut special fertilizer spreads fertilizer over the fields, the soil covering that will be dug out backfills, and sprinkles water and moistens earthing；
The Chinese chestnut special fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight：150 parts of 21-6-13 NPKs, dry pig manure 120
Part, 0.1 part of Pseudomonas fluorescens, 1.0 parts of dazomet；Above-mentioned raw materials are well mixed.
The present invention has carried out the test and comparison of soil in research process；Blank group is to be planted using conventional method
Chinese chestnut is planted, soil is not nursed particularly；Embodiment 1-3 after 5 years are managed to soil, surveyed by the earth that fetches earth
Examination, the specific test result data of each group are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
The graded index of each nutrient in table 1 is through experiment for many years, by the volume analysis comprehensive income of Chinese chestnut.Chinese chestnut is in life
Big to the demand of N P and K during long and result, uptake has relation, the uptake of nitrogen with the age of tree and result stage
The big and time is grown, all Prolonged absorption before sprouting beginning to fruit harvesting from bud, wherein again with the uptake of the rapid expanding stage of fruit
At most；The soak time of phosphorus is all relatively consolidated from Post flowering to before harvesting, but uptake is few, and soak time is also shorter than nitrogen potassium, but
Phosphorus is particularly important to the result performance and yield of Chinese chestnut, and phosphorus is increase bud differentiation, fruit development, seed maturity and promotes product
The important substance of lattice；Potassium beginning before blooming absorbs on a small quantity, and Post flowering gradually increases, and the fruit mast phase absorbs most.By table 1
As can be seen that after being managed using embodiment 1-3 method, the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen of soil, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter are equal
Good level is maintained at, is well suited for planting Chinese chestnut, the nutrient of soil is sufficient.It is organic and the rapid available phosphorus of blank group lacks seriously
The relatively low level of matter, available potassium are in medium level, it can be seen that, the soil using management method of the invention to Chestnut Orchard
Management is highly effective, can significantly improve the nutrients such as alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter, improves the effect of soil
Fruit is fairly obvious.
Although the present invention is disclosed as above with preferred embodiment, so it is not intended to limiting the invention, any this area skill
Art personnel, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, when a little modification and perfect, therefore the protection of the present invention can be made
Scope is worked as to be defined by what claims were defined.
Claims (9)
1. the management method of Chinese chestnut Orchard Soil, it is characterised in that methods described comprises the following steps：
(1) retting organic fertilizer：After Chinese chestnut fallen leaves are complete, plant powder is spread fertilizer over the fields on the ground for being covered in Chinese chestnut tree, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields
1000-1200kg, after then spraying retting liquid 0.5-1h, then last layer sposh is applied, start retting organic fertilizer；
The retting liquid is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight：Urea 2-3 parts, quick lime 0.4-0.5 parts, EM bacterium stoste 3-6 parts,
100 parts of clear water；Above raw material is well mixed, you can obtain retting liquid；
(2) earthworm is put in a suitable place to breed：Earthworm and the soil for cultivating earthworm are fitted into earthworm box together, the side of earthworm box is provided with earthworm can
With the duck eye of discrepancy；Organic fertilizer retting digs groove after 15-20 days, on the ground of Chinese chestnut tree, and the earthworm box equipped with earthworm is put into
In groove, then cover last layer thin soil；
(3) fertilising shield soil：5-10 days after Chinese chestnut tree starts germination, trench digging applied Chinese chestnut special fertilizer, and every mu is applied 80-100kg, plate
After chestnut special fertilizer spreads fertilizer over the fields, the soil covering that will be dug out backfills；The Chinese chestnut special fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight：It is multiple
Hefei 130-150 parts, dry pig manure 100-120 parts, Pseudomonas fluorescens 0.05-0.1 parts, dazomet 0.5-1.0 parts；By above-mentioned raw materials
It is well mixed.
2. the management method of Chinese chestnut Orchard Soil as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (1), the plant powder
It is to be shredded after drying weeds, agricultural crop straw, stirs obtained.
3. the management method of Chinese chestnut Orchard Soil as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described to spread fertilizer over the fields plant in step (1)
During powder, do not spread fertilizer over the fields in the range of the 20-30cm around Chinese chestnut tree trunk root.
4. the management method of Chinese chestnut Orchard Soil as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (1), the retting liquid by
The raw material of following parts by weight is made：2.5 parts of urea, 0.4 part of quick lime, 4 parts of EM bacterium stoste, 100 parts of clear water.
5. the management method of Chinese chestnut Orchard Soil as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (1), the retting liquid
Fountain height is every mu of 100-200kg.
6. the management method of Chinese chestnut Orchard Soil as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (2), every mu of Chinese chestnut
The earthworm box that garden is placed only, is equipped with 8-10 bar earthworms for 15-20 in each earthworm box.
7. the management method of Chinese chestnut Orchard Soil as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (2), the depth of the groove
Spend for 20-30cm.
8. the management method of Chinese chestnut Orchard Soil as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (3), the Chinese chestnut is special
Fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight：140 parts of composite fertilizer, dry 115 parts of pig manure, 0.07 part of Pseudomonas fluorescens, dazomet 0.8
Part.
9. the management method of Chinese chestnut Orchard Soil as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that：The composite fertilizer is 21-6-13 tri-
Component composite fertilizer.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110169227A (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2019-08-27 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | A kind of rice field is changed to the planting site preprocess method of citrus orchard |
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| CN110169227A (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2019-08-27 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | A kind of rice field is changed to the planting site preprocess method of citrus orchard |
| CN110169227B (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2022-07-05 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Planting field pretreatment method for changing rice field into citrus orchard |
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