CN101485272A - Cost-saving synergistic high-yield method for planting rice - Google Patents
Cost-saving synergistic high-yield method for planting rice Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method for the high yield of rice. The method comprises the following steps: A, soil detection and recipe: determining the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer with a reasonable recipe; B, seed selection: selecting a generalized variety with high yield as a seed; C, cultivation: carrying out timely seeding on March 20th to March 25th, adopting humidified seedling culture and dry land seedling culture, and carrying out the standardized cultivation with alternate wide and narrow rows; D, recipe fertilizer application: carrying out the heavy basic dressing and carrying out the top dressing at young ear formation stage complementarily; and E, comprehensive pest prevention and control: 7 to 10 days after planting, applying the herbicide for the rice field once, applying the insect destroying pesticide once at the early stage of tiller so as to prevent and control paddy borers. The method can reduce the amount of applied chemical fertilizer by about 50 percent, reduce the industrial energy consumption, reduce the environmental pollution and farmland pollution, improve the product quality, alleviate the damage caused by diseases and insects, particularly the sheath blight, facilitate the production of nuisance free rice, and realize the stable and high yield and remarkable benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of arviculture technical field, relate in particular to a kind of kind method for planting of high yield of paddy rice cost-saving synergistic.
Background technology
At present, existing rice cultivating technique, peasant's conventional cultivation plantation mu is planted the 5000-8000 nest, nest is planted 2 strains, basic seedling few (sowing quantity is at the 0.5-0.75 kilogram), the basic seedling 1.0-1.5 ten thousand of mu, mainly improve output by heavy dressing, mu fertilising (N-P-K) 16.75 kilograms, the mu fertilising is more than 100 yuan, per mu yield has only the 500-550 kilogram, deduction soil fertility output (350-450 kilogram/mu), the mu volume increase has only the 50-100 kilogram, and actual net income is less than 100 yuan/mu, the not enough fertilizer of volume increase income part, seed, agricultural chemicals money have had a strong impact on the peasant and have planted grain enthusiasm.The problem that exists is: plant rarely, basic seedling deficiency has only heavy dressing, increases tiller number, raising output, and damage by disease and insect is serious, and input cost is big, the output shakiness, benefit is low.
Culture technique when Pre-agricultural Sector's demonstration popularization, paddy rice mu is planted the 9000-11000 nest, the two strains of every nest, large tracts of land fertilization recommendation (N-P-K) 15-16.9 kilogram/mu, mu fertilizer is made an investment in 110-130 unit, per mu yield 550-600 kilogram, than about 50 kilograms of peasant conventional cultivation fertilising mu volume increase, mu increases net earnings about 50 yuan.
Agricultural sector's yielding Demonstration cultivation: the cultivation specification is identical with the large tracts of land fertilization recommendation, and fertilizing amount is: N-P-K=12-4.8-8 kilogram/mu, and 190 yuan of the fertile investments of mu, per mu yield 650-700 kilogram, though output is high, actual gain is lower than the benefit of large tracts of land fertilization recommendation.Existing problems: the yielding Demonstration cultivation is done demonstration as agricultural sector, under the situation that country drops into, can do, and does high-yield culturing if peasant oneself drops into, and is that Higher output is not accompanied by a higher income, and is inadvisable.Large tracts of land fertilization recommendation effect is better, but because the fertilizer rise in price is too fast, still has the low problem of benefit.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly at the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of paddy rice cost-saving synergistic high and stable yields technology technical problem to be solved: the basic seedling deficiency, the fertilising input that solve in the conventional cultivation fertilising are excessive, and benefit is low; The low problem of benefit in the large tracts of land fertilization recommendation, paddy rice cost-saving synergistic high and stable yields technology can solve paddy rice and have high input, and problem such as yield poorly, benefit is not high.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of kind method for planting of rice high yield may further comprise the steps:
A, survey soil prescription: according to various places soil nutrient situation, and use fertilizer test achievement (long-term fertilizer location test in 10 years and 8 years paddy rice " 3414 " fertilizer tests) for many years, determine the organic-inorganic compound mixed fertilizer of rational formula, chemical fertilizer nutrient content is N in the prescription fertilizer
12P
3K
3, the content of organic matter is 20%, and humic acid content is 10%, and its concrete weight proportion is: ammonium humate 4.1; Fermentation fertilizer 2.1; Urea 2.48; MAP 0.77; Potassium chloride 0.55;
B, seed selection: select high yield recommended variety for use, a kind of in accurate two excellent 527, safe excellent No. 2, celebrating excellent 108 as seed;
C, cultivation: begin sowing in good time, begin sowing in good time, adopt water-raised seedling and non-irrigated native seedling, implement the capable standardized cultivation of width in 20-25 day in March: 40～50 centimetres of wide row, 20 centimetres of narrow rows are moved back 20 centimetres in nest, and mu is planted 9500～11000 nests, 4 seeds of every nest;
D, rational application of fertilizers: heavy base fertilizer application, mend and execute ear manuer, that is, mu is executed 25 kilograms of N of organic-inorganic compound mixed fertilizer before transplanting seedlings
12P
3K
3Make base fertilizer; In 25-30 day in June, ear manuer is mended and is executed 5 kilograms/mu in urea;
E, sick worm integrated control: planted the back 7～10 days, mu is executed the rice field with weed killer herbicide once, and the early tillering stage is used insecticide pesticide once, the control snout moth's larva of rice.
Preferably, in cultivation, decide according to field block manure power: go up 45～50 centimetres of fertility Tian Kuanhang, in, 40 centimetres of inferior fertility Tian Kuanhang.
Preferably, implementation is returned crop stocks to the field, 200～400 kilograms of every mu of straw incorporations.
The present invention one increases sowing quantity, on the basis of 0.5～1.0 kilogram of existing sowing quantity, is increased to 1.75～2.0 kilograms, increases main fringe, reduces individual plant master fringe tiller number, improves rate of tillering panicle, increases effective fringe.The 2nd, standardized cultivation is carried out the capable cultivation of width, and wide row (is decided according to field block manure power for 40～50 centimetres, 45～50 centimetres in first-class fertility field, in, 40 centimetres in inferior fertility field), 20 centimetres of narrow rows, move back 20 centimetres in nest, mu is planted 9500-11000 nest, every nest 4 strains (seed), every mu of basic seedling guarantees that 4-5 more than ten thousand, guarantees to plant specification and basic seedling, carries out and draws the railway carriage or compartment plantation, thing is started, and guarantees sunlight, carries out standardized planting, the logical light that ventilates is good, alleviates damage by disease and insect.The 3rd, rational application of fertilizers, existing fertilizing amount of reform and fertilizing method reduce existing chemical fertilizer fertilizing amount about 50%, change " the heavy end early chases after " be " fringe of the heavy end mends ", mu is executed 25 kilograms of (N of organic and inorganic prescription fertilizer
12P
3K
3) make base fertilizer, ear manuer mu is executed 5 kilograms in urea, improves utilization rate of fertilizer, reaches the cost-saving synergistic high and stable yields.
The beneficial effect of the kind method for planting of a kind of rice high yield of the present invention is: the one, reduce applying quantity of chemical fertilizer about 50%, and mu fertilising (N-P-K) reduces industrial energy consumption about 7 kilograms, reduce environmental pollution and farmland pollution; The 2nd, improved product quality, to use and be the organic-inorganic fertilizer compounding application because of changing pure fertilizer, fertilizer amount reduces, and damage by disease and insect alleviates, and particularly banded sclerotial blight helps producing pollution-free rice; The 3rd, output realizes high and stable yields, and per mu yield reaches the 550-650 kilogram; The 4th, increased output, increase production paddy 50-100 kilogram with conventional cultivation than mu; The 5th, benefit is obvious, by 50 kilograms of calculating of every mu of minimum volume increase, 95 yuan of mu volume increase values, the fertilizer investment reduces by 40 yuan, and deduction mu is many with 30 yuan of seed moneys, actual " abridged edition, synergy " 10 yuan, mu increases 105 yuan of net earnings, really realized the target that increasing production of rice increases income---100 jin of mu volume increase paddy, 100 yuan of net incomes, remarkable benefit.
For example: the Nanchuan District State Scientific and Technological Commission and the expert of bureau of agriculture ride the 7 groups 100 mu paddy rice cost-saving synergistic high-yield sheets in flat village to the He Tu township and have carried out onsite acceptance: 660.1 kilograms of average yield per mus, than 518.8 kilograms of per mu yields last year, 141.3 kilograms of mu volume increase, volume increase 27.2%, 268.50 yuan of mu volume increase values.61.75 yuan of mu fertilising costs with 101.50 yuan of ratios of mu fertilising last year, are saved 39.75 yuan/mu of fertilising costs, and deduction is many then with 28.50 yuan/mu of seed moneys, 11.25 yuan/mu of actual cost-saving synergistics, and mu increases 279.75 yuan of net earnings.
Embodiment
1.1 the place is chosen in Nanchuan District grand sight town metal bridge village 2 societies.Be positioned at 106 ° 59 of east longitude " 38.3 ', 29 ° 14 of north latitude " 32.1 ', 716 meters of height above sea level, have only 500 meters from Nanchuan District complex experiment base, ecological condition is good, hills landforms in belonging to, top, hills is dense pine forest, and the test rice field is distributed in broad valley, is the main paddy rice of Nanchuan District main producing region.
1.2 soil
Soil is that the system Sha Xi mausoleum husky shale of purple is sent out to fill and educated the submerging type paddy soil that forms in the Jurassic system, cropping system mostly be one season semilate rice, rare rice-oil (vegetable seed) or rice-dish two are ripe.See Table 1 for the test soil nutrient status.
Table 1 is for examination soil nutrient status (ASI)
1.3 for studying the article kind
Accurate two is excellent 527, is the super high-yielding kind.
1.4 handle
According to " the high-yielding rice cultivation technique demonstration test scheme " design in 2008 of Chongqing City's agricultural technology spread master station,, set up " abridged edition, synergy " in conjunction with Nanchuan reality and handled totally 4 processing (seeing Table 2).
Table 2 test is handled
Fertile content: the N:P:k=20:12:08 of compound; Organic-inorganic compound mixed fertilizer: N:P:k=12:03:03.
Plant 1.5 plant
In March, 2008, finish September.Transplant seedlings preceding 3 days whole fields are drawn the sub-district and are done the ridge for the first time, treat after 3 days mud scum heavy real after, do the ridge for the second time, and cover plastic sheeting for farm use, guarantee that the mud ridge exceeds water surface 10cm, prevent and treat each minizone water in field and irritate string mutually mutually.
Area is: peasant habit cultivation is 133m2 (5.2m * 25.6), and other is treated to 267m2 (5.2m * 25.6m).
Concrete farming operation sees Table 3.
Table 3 test performance
| Sowing time | Transplanting time | Harvest time | The base fertilizer time | Topdress for the first time | Topdress for the second time |
| March 27 | April 26 | September 4 | April 25 | May 9 (the present invention does not execute) | June 25 (the present invention) |
Test is that urea, carbon ammonium and potassium chloride, 40% (20:12:08) compound fertilizer are provided by Fuling, Chongqing chemical industry Co., Ltd with fertilizer, organic-inorganic complex fertilizer fills machine fertilizer Co., Ltd forever by Chongqing and produces, general calcium is produced by Nanchuan pioneer phosphate fertilizer plant, and zinc fertilizer is agricultural zinc sulphate (ZN21.8%).
After treating the paddy rice maturation, subregion harvesting meter produces species test simultaneously.
2 interpretations of result
2.1 different disposal is to the influence of the effective fringe and the percentage of earbearing tiller
Table 4 different disposal is to the influence of the effective fringe and the percentage of earbearing tiller
| Handle | Mu nest number | Basic seedling (ten thousand/mu) | Gao Miao (ten thousand/mu) | Nest spike number (fringe/nest) | Effective fringe (ten thousand/mu) | The percentage of earbearing tiller (%) |
| Peasant habit | 5050 | 1.01 | 17.93 | 24.7 | 12.87 | 71.8 |
| Yielding Demonstration | 11250 | 1.85 | 21.5 | 13.9 | 15.64 | 72.7 |
| Large tracts of land is recommended | 11250 | 1.85 | 20.1 | 13.6 | 15.30 | 76.1 |
| The present invention's plantation | 11250 | 3.98 | 17.9 | 15.2 | 17.50 | 97.8 |
Found out by table 4: the basic seedling of peasant habit cultivation fertilization area is few, and effectively fringe is also few, has only nearly 130,000/mu; The basic seedling unanimity in yielding Demonstration and large tracts of land fertilization recommendation district, effectively fringe is more or less the same, 150,000 or more/mu; And the cost-saving synergistic district is more than 170,000.From rate of tillering panicle, peasant habit cultivation fertilising is minimum, has only 71.8%, and close with yielding Demonstration, large tracts of land fertilization recommendation district is 76.1%, and the cost-saving synergistic district is up to 97.8%.
2.2 different disposal constitutes the influence of the factor to output
Table 5 different disposal constitutes the influence of the factor to output
| Handle | Effective fringe (ten thousand/mu) | Grains per panicle (grain/fringe) | Real grain number (grain/fringe) | Ripening rate (%) | Thousand kernel weight (gram) | Theoretical yield (kilogram/mu) |
| Peasant habit | 12.87 | 212.3 | 186.2 | 87.7 | 27 | 647.0 |
| Yielding Demonstration | 15.64 | 190.5 | 175.2 | 92.0 | 27 | 739.8 |
| Large tracts of land is recommended | 15.30 | 180.5 | 172.5 | 95.6 | 27 | 712.6 |
| The present invention's plantation | 17.50 | 156.2 | 150.2 | 96.2 | 27 | 709.7 |
Found out by table 5: it is low that peasant habit is cultivated effective fringe, and every mu is had only closely 130,000, and yielding Demonstration recommends the effective fringe of cultivation close with large tracts of land, 150,000/mu is many, it is 17.5 ten thousand that the present invention plants effective fringe, recommends the district to Duo 20,000 than yielding Demonstration and large tracts of land, is the crux of obtaining high yield.Though plantation grains per panicle of the present invention and real grain number are less than other processing, ripening rate is higher than its processing.
2.3 different disposal is to the influence (seeing Table 6) of the paddy rice output value and benefit
Table 6 different disposal is to the influence of the paddy rice output value and benefit
2.3.1 output and benefit are relatively
What output was the highest is the yielding Demonstration district, 731.2 kilograms of per mu yields, and what net earnings was the highest is growing area of the present invention, and with peasant habit cultivation fertilising ratio, it is 125.99 yuan that mu increases net earnings, and the poorest is custom cultivation fertilization area.
2.3.2 investment yield
But the highest is 11.04 yuan of 1 yuan of incomes of growing area investment of the present invention, secondly is that large tracts of land recommends to distinguish and peasant habit cultivation fertilization area income is respectively 9.43 yuan/first and 9.16 a yuan/unit.
2.4 fertilizer is force of labor wilfully
Table 6 different disposal is to the influence of the paddy rice output value and benefit
Peasant habit cultivation area fertilizer wilfully force of labor is 31.0 kg/kg, and high-yield culturing is 29.5 kg/kg, and two processing are close; Large tracts of land recommendation district fertilizer wilfully force of labor is 48.3 kg/kg, growing area of the present invention is 103.7 kg/kg, recommends the district to increase by 55.4 kg/kg than large tracts of land, increases by 114.7%, increase by 70 kg/kg than peasant's routine and yielding Demonstration district, increase by 230%.
3. result and discussion
(1) peasant habit cultivation fertilization area: the cultivation specification is rare excessively, and it is unreasonable to apply fertilizer, though nearly 650 kilograms of output, benefit is low, and damage by disease and insect is heavier.
(2) yielding Demonstration fertilization area: though output holds pride of place, benefit only accounts for the 3rd, and the returns of investment rate is low, and fertilizer wilfully force of labor is low, plants closely with peasant habit, and the per kilogram nutrient is produced about 30 kilograms of paddy, and damage by disease and insect is heavier, particularly banded sclerotial blight.
(3) large tracts of land fertilization recommendation district: under current cultivation situation, output is placed in the middle, and benefit is close with the yielding Demonstration district, and prescription is more rational, and fertilizer wilfully force of labor is 48.5 kg/kg nutrients, is worthy to be popularized.
(4) growing area of the present invention: though output occupies second, 705 kilograms of per mu yields, the district is close with the large tracts of land fertilization recommendation, but net earnings is the highest, with peasant habit cultivation ratio, mu increases net earnings at 125.99 yuan, holds pride of place, and saves fertilising cost about 50%, reduce industrial energy consumption, reduce environmental pollution, quality is increased, can popularize application with suiting measures to local conditions in an all-round way.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of kind method for planting of rice high yield is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
A, survey soil prescription: according to various places soil nutrient situation, determine the organic-inorganic compound mixed fertilizer of rational formula, chemical fertilizer nutrient content is N in the prescription fertilizer
12P
3K
3, the content of organic matter is 20%, and humic acid content is 10%, and its concrete weight proportion is: ammonium humate 4.1; Fermentation fertilizer 2.1; Urea 2.48; MAP 0.77; Potassium chloride 0.55;
B, seed selection: select high yield recommended variety for use, a kind of in accurate two excellent 527, safe excellent No. 2, celebrating excellent 108 as seed;
C, cultivation: begin sowing in good time, begin sowing in good time, adopt water-raised seedling and non-irrigated native seedling, implement the capable standardized cultivation of width in 20-25 day in March: 40～50 centimetres of wide row, 20 centimetres of narrow rows are moved back 20 centimetres in nest, and mu is planted 9500～11000 nests, 4 seeds of every nest;
D, rational application of fertilizers: heavy base fertilizer application, mend and execute ear manuer, that is, mu is executed 25 kilograms of N of organic-inorganic compound mixed fertilizer before transplanting seedlings
12P
3K
3Make base fertilizer; In 25-30 day in June, ear manuer is mended and is executed 5 kilograms/mu in urea;
E, sick worm integrated control: planted the back 7～10 days, mu is executed the rice field with weed killer herbicide once, and the early tillering stage is used insecticide pesticide once, the control snout moth's larva of rice.
2, the kind method for planting of a kind of rice high yield as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: decide according to field block manure power in cultivation: go up 45～50 centimetres of fertility Tian Kuanhang, in, 40 centimetres of inferior fertility Tian Kuanhang.
3, the kind method for planting of a kind of rice high yield as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: carry out and to return crop stocks to the field, 200～400 kilograms of every mu of straw incorporations.
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102362567A (en) * | 2011-09-22 | 2012-02-29 | 贵州凤冈净宇生物科技有限公司 | Soil testing and formulated fertilization method |
| CN102440109A (en) * | 2011-10-09 | 2012-05-09 | 浙江大学 | Ecological fertilization method based on nitrogen-saving high paddy rice yield and non-point source emission reduction |
| CN102815996A (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2012-12-12 | 马鞍山科邦生态肥有限公司 | Special fertilizer for single cropping rice and preparation method of special fertilizer |
| CN103931370A (en) * | 2013-01-18 | 2014-07-23 | 宁乡五谷优质稻种植专业合作社 | Pollution-free rice cultivation method |
| CN104447119A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2015-03-25 | 柳州华晟科技有限公司 | Method for preparing composite organic fertilizer for rice |
| CN107169107A (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2017-09-15 | 广州市拓狗信息科技有限公司 | A kind of aquaculture householder method and system analyzed based on big data |
| CN108142058A (en) * | 2017-12-31 | 2018-06-12 | 青岛袁策生物科技有限公司 | A kind of composite fertilizer's method of administration for improving rice nutritive value |
| CN110122022A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2019-08-16 | 广东省农业科学院水稻研究所 | A kind of light simple N application method of the rice based on instant nitrogenousfertilizer |
| CN112997657A (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2021-06-22 | 长宁县小草种养殖专业合作社 | Planting method of selenium-rich rice |
| CN113079986A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-07-09 | 上海金相环境科技有限公司 | Method for increasing rice yield when fertilizing amount is reduced |
-
2008
- 2008-12-15 CN CN2008102333441A patent/CN101485272B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102362567A (en) * | 2011-09-22 | 2012-02-29 | 贵州凤冈净宇生物科技有限公司 | Soil testing and formulated fertilization method |
| CN102440109A (en) * | 2011-10-09 | 2012-05-09 | 浙江大学 | Ecological fertilization method based on nitrogen-saving high paddy rice yield and non-point source emission reduction |
| CN102815996A (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2012-12-12 | 马鞍山科邦生态肥有限公司 | Special fertilizer for single cropping rice and preparation method of special fertilizer |
| CN103931370A (en) * | 2013-01-18 | 2014-07-23 | 宁乡五谷优质稻种植专业合作社 | Pollution-free rice cultivation method |
| CN104447119A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2015-03-25 | 柳州华晟科技有限公司 | Method for preparing composite organic fertilizer for rice |
| CN107169107A (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2017-09-15 | 广州市拓狗信息科技有限公司 | A kind of aquaculture householder method and system analyzed based on big data |
| CN108142058A (en) * | 2017-12-31 | 2018-06-12 | 青岛袁策生物科技有限公司 | A kind of composite fertilizer's method of administration for improving rice nutritive value |
| CN110122022A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2019-08-16 | 广东省农业科学院水稻研究所 | A kind of light simple N application method of the rice based on instant nitrogenousfertilizer |
| CN113079986A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-07-09 | 上海金相环境科技有限公司 | Method for increasing rice yield when fertilizing amount is reduced |
| CN112997657A (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2021-06-22 | 长宁县小草种养殖专业合作社 | Planting method of selenium-rich rice |
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