CN107576810B - Friction type power generation acceleration sensor - Google Patents
Friction type power generation acceleration sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN107576810B CN107576810B CN201710813529.9A CN201710813529A CN107576810B CN 107576810 B CN107576810 B CN 107576810B CN 201710813529 A CN201710813529 A CN 201710813529A CN 107576810 B CN107576810 B CN 107576810B
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- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009440 infrastructure construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a friction type power generation acceleration sensor which comprises a shielding shell, wherein a first substrate capable of moving in the shielding shell along the length direction of the shielding shell is arranged in the shielding shell, first dielectric materials with the same polarity are arranged on the upper side surface and the lower side surface of the first substrate, second dielectric materials with the opposite polarity to the dielectric materials on the first substrate are respectively arranged on the upper inner surface and the lower inner surface of the shielding shell, the sizes and the positions of the first dielectric materials and the second dielectric materials are the same, springs are arranged on the left side surface and the right side surface of the first substrate, and the other ends of the springs are respectively connected to the left inner surface and the right inner surface of the shielding shell. Compared with an acceleration sensor in the background technology, the friction type power generation acceleration sensor has the advantages of no need of an external power supply, high measurement resolution, wide measurement range, simple structure and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an acceleration sensor device based on friction power generation technology.
Background
The acceleration sensor is a sensor capable of measuring acceleration, and has wide application in urban infrastructure construction and management. The capacitance variation of the conventional capacitance type acceleration sensor is in direct proportion to the square of displacement, so that the structural size of the sensor needs to be increased to realize high resolution, and the application of the sensor is limited; when the resistance-type sensor faces severe vibration conditions, the output linearity is very poor, and accurate measurement can be realized only by introducing an external circuit or performing theoretical calculation for compensation in the test.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a friction type power generation acceleration sensor which can be used for detecting acceleration, does not need to provide extra energy, can work in a self-driven mode, and has the characteristics of high precision and wide range.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows: friction formula electricity generation acceleration sensor, including shielding shell, be equipped with the first base plate that a piece can remove along its length direction in shielding shell in the shielding shell, two upper and lower sides of this first base plate are equipped with the first dielectric material that polarity is the same, be equipped with the second dielectric material opposite with the dielectric material polarity on the first base plate on two upper and lower internal surfaces of shielding shell respectively, the size and the position of first dielectric material and second dielectric material are all unanimous, be equipped with the spring on two sides about the first base plate, the other end of spring is connected respectively on two internal surfaces of the left and right sides of shielding shell.
Further, the first dielectric material is a positive dielectric material and the second dielectric material is a negative dielectric material.
Further, a second dielectric material is disposed in a middle portion of the inner surface of the shield can.
Further, springs are attached to the side of the first substrate and the middle of the inner surface of the shield case, respectively.
Further, the acceleration sensor also comprises a measuring circuit, the measuring circuit comprises an electric wire and a measuring device, one end of the electric wire is respectively connected with the first dielectric material and the second dielectric material, the other end of the electric wire is connected with the measuring device, and the measuring circuit is integrated on the shielding shell.
The friction type friction power generation material can convert mechanical energy generated under the action of environmental load into electric energy according to the power-electricity conversion characteristic, so that the acceleration can be represented by an electric signal through a measuring device. The friction type friction power generation device is simple in structure, easy to process and manufacture, convenient to miniaturize and integrate, low in energy collection and application working environment limitation of materials, high in efficiency, green and environment-friendly, capable of generating great economic benefits due to development and utilization of related technologies, capable of providing assistance for building a resource-saving society, and capable of having certain market potential and economic value.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the friction power generation acceleration sensor is arranged in the shielding shell, the vibration acceleration caused by the environmental dynamic load is converted into an electric signal to be represented, and the data is output through a signal processing and output device in the device. The invention can generate electric signals only by the device without using an external power supply, and is a green and environment-friendly device with less limitation and high efficiency. Compared with an acceleration sensor in the background technology, the friction type power generation acceleration sensor has the advantages of no need of an external power supply, high measurement resolution, wide measurement range, simple structure and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a structural view of a friction type electricity generation acceleration sensor in a horizontal state;
FIG. 2 is a state of motion 1 of the friction-type power-generating acceleration sensor of FIG. 1 under an environmental load;
FIG. 3 is a state of motion 2 of the friction-type power-generating acceleration sensor of FIG. 1 under an environmental load;
fig. 4 is a structural view of a friction-type frictional power generation acceleration sensor in a vertical state;
fig. 5 is a process diagram of adjusting the position of the first substrate by the acceleration sensor in a vertical state, where Δ x is an offset of the embedded position of the electrode plate coated with the positive electrode material when the acceleration sensor is in the vertical state compared with the horizontal state, and Δ x is mg/2 k.
Reference numbers in the figures: 1-a shielding housing; 2-a first substrate; 3-positive electrode dielectric material (divided into 3-1 and 3-2); 4-negative dielectric materials (divided into 4-1 and 4-2); 5-spring (divided into 5-1 and 5-2); a (t) is the acceleration of the acceleration sensor under the action of environmental load at a certain time t; x (t) is the relative displacement generated between the negative electrode material 4-1 and the positive electrode material 3-1 (the relative displacement generated between the negative electrode material 4-2 and the positive electrode material 3-2) at a certain time t; k is the stiffness of the spring 5; m is the sum of the masses of the first substrate 2 and the negative electrode material 4 (including 4-1 and 4-2); l is the length of the electrode plate coated with the dielectric material; w is the width of the dielectric material coated on the electrode plate.
Detailed Description
The following describes the specific embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The friction type power generation acceleration sensor structure of the invention is shown in figure 1, the basic structure is a shielding shell 1, a first substrate 2 capable of moving in the shielding shell 1 along the length direction is arranged in the shielding shell 1, first dielectric materials 3 with the same polarity are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the first substrate 2, the first dielectric materials 3 are anode dielectric materials, the first dielectric materials 3 comprise anode materials 3-1 positioned above and anode materials 3-2 positioned below, second dielectric materials 4 are respectively arranged on the upper inner surface and the lower inner surface of the shielding shell 1, the second dielectric materials 4 are cathode dielectric materials, the second dielectric materials 4 comprise cathode materials 4-1 positioned above and cathode materials 4-2 positioned below, the sizes and the positions of the first dielectric materials 3 and the second dielectric materials 4 are consistent, springs 5 are arranged on the left side and the right side of the first substrate 2, the spring 5 includes a spring 5-1 at the left side and a spring 5-2 at the right side, and the other end of the spring 5-1 at the left side is attached to the left inner surface of the shield case 1 and the other end of the spring 5-2 at the right side is attached to the right inner surface of the shield case 1.
The second dielectric material 4 is located in the middle of the inner surface of the shield can 1, and the spring 5 is connected to the inner surface of the shield can 1 and the middle of the two sides of the first substrate 2.
The acceleration sensor further comprises a measuring circuit, the measuring circuit comprises an electric wire and a measuring device, one end of the electric wire is connected with the first dielectric material and the second dielectric material respectively, the other end of the electric wire is connected with the measuring device, and the measuring circuit is integrated on the shielding shell. .
The friction type power generation acceleration sensor disclosed by the invention realizes the acceleration measurement principle as follows:
the friction type power generation acceleration sensor disclosed by the invention realizes the acceleration measurement principle as follows:
taking the horizontal state of fig. 1 as an example, the device measures the acceleration direction as the horizontal direction. In the initial state, the shield can 1 and the electrode plate on the first substrate 2 do not have relative displacement, and the contact surface of the electrode plate is smooth, so that friction is reduced. When the acceleration sensor is under the action of an environmental load, at a certain time t, the acceleration is a (t), the motion state of the acceleration sensor is as shown in fig. 2, and a relative displacement x (t) is generated between the anode material 4-1 located above and the cathode material 3-1 located above, and then the equilibrium equation of the first substrate 2 can be obtained:
2kx(t)＝ma(t) (1)
where k is the stiffness of the spring 5 and m is the sum of the masses of the first substrate 2 and the negative electrode material 4 (including 4-1 and 4-2).
In the friction type power generation acceleration sensor, the thicknesses of two dielectric materials 3-1(3-2) and 4-1(4-2) are d respectively1And d2The relative dielectric constants of the two are respectively epsilonr1And εr2. x (t) represents the relative displacement between electrode plates coated with two dielectric materials. When the friction type power generation device is operated, x (t) changes from 0 to the maximum. When there is no relative displacement between the two dielectric-coated electrode plates (i.e., x (t) ═ 0), the electrode plates are charged, and the surfaces of the two dielectric-coated electrode plates acquire opposite electrostatic charges, with an equal charge density σ (charge density due to contact friction). When the two electrode plates generate relative displacement, the electric charges generate current through the external circuit. When the load resistance is given as R, the voltage can be expressed as:
wherein d is0＝d1/εr1+d2/εr2The equivalent thickness of the dielectric material, l is the length of the dielectric material coated on the electrode plate, w is the width of the dielectric material coated on the electrode plate, epsilon0Is the dielectric constant in vacuum.
Wherein the charge Q has the formula
The differential equation is a first-order linear homogeneous differential equation, a general solution expression Q (t) of the charge Q can be obtained, and the general solution expression Q (t) is substituted into the expression (1) to obtain the final product
By combining the expressions (1) and (4), a mapping a (t) → v (t) exists between the voltage v (t) and the acceleration a (t) at a certain time t, that is, at the certain time t, the acceleration a (t) at that time can be obtained by measuring the voltage v (t), and the magnitude of the acceleration can be expressed as an electric signal by a measuring circuit.
When the motion state is as shown in fig. 3, the principle is the same as described above.
Taking the vertical state in fig. 4 as an example, when the device measures that the included angle between the acceleration direction and the horizontal line is 90 °, that is, the acceleration direction is the vertical direction, as shown in fig. 5, the offset of the embedded position of the dielectric material in the shielding shell in the vertical state compared with the dielectric material in the shielding shell in the horizontal state is Δ x mg/2k, so that there is no relative displacement between the electrode plates coated with the dielectric material at this time, and the gravity interference generated when the measured acceleration direction and the horizontal line are 90 ° is balanced. In this state, the measurement principle is the same as in the initial state.
Claims (3)
1. The friction type power generation acceleration sensor is characterized by comprising a shielding shell, wherein a first substrate capable of moving in the shielding shell along the length direction of the shielding shell is arranged in the shielding shell, first dielectric materials with the same polarity are arranged on the upper side surface and the lower side surface of the first substrate, second dielectric materials with the opposite polarity to the first dielectric materials on the first substrate are respectively arranged on the upper inner surface and the lower inner surface of the shielding shell, the sizes and the positions of the first dielectric materials and the second dielectric materials are the same, the first dielectric materials are positive dielectric materials, the second dielectric materials are negative dielectric materials, springs are arranged on the left side surface and the right side surface of the first substrate, and the other ends of the springs are respectively connected to the left inner surface and the right inner surface of the shielding shell;
the acceleration sensor also comprises a measuring circuit, wherein the measuring circuit comprises an electric wire and a measuring device, one end of the electric wire is respectively connected with the first dielectric material and the second dielectric material, the other end of the electric wire is connected with the measuring device, and the measuring circuit is integrated on the shielding shell;
the friction type power generation acceleration sensor adopts an acceleration measuring mode as follows:
(1) in the initial state, the equilibrium equation of the first substrate:
2kx(t)＝ma(t) (1)，
wherein k is the stiffness of the spring, and m is the sum of the mass of the first substrate and the mass of the two second dielectric materials on the upper side and the lower side of the first substrate;
when the two electrode plates generate relative displacement, the electric charges generate current through the external circuit, and when the load resistance is given as R, the voltage can be expressed as:
wherein d is1And d2Thickness of the first dielectric material and the second dielectric material, respectively, σ is charge density of the surface of the electrode plate coated with the first dielectric material and the second dielectric material, d0＝d1/εr1+d2/εr2The equivalent thickness of the dielectric material, l is the length of the dielectric material coated on the electrode plate, w is the width of the dielectric material coated on the electrode plate, epsilon0Is a vacuum dielectric constant;
wherein the charge Q is represented by
The differential equation is a first-order linear homogeneous differential equation, a general solution expression Q (t) of the charge Q can be obtained, and the general solution expression Q (t) is substituted into the expression (1) to obtain the final product
By combining the expressions (1) and (4), a map a (t) → v (t) exists between the voltage v (t) and the acceleration a (t) at a certain time t, that is, at the certain time t, and by measuring the voltage v (t), the acceleration a (t) at that time can be obtained.
2. The triboelectric charging acceleration sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the second dielectric material is arranged in the middle of the inner surface of the shielding shell.
3. The frictional electricity generating acceleration sensor according to claim 1, wherein springs are attached to the first base plate side and the middle portion of the inner surface of the shield case, respectively.
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| CN108918912B (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2020-06-23 | 浙江大学 | Cantilever friction type self-powered electrostatic acceleration sensor |
| CN111059995B (en) * | 2019-12-28 | 2020-12-25 | 浙江大学 | Self-driven displacement sensor based on friction nano generator |
| CN113483881B (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2024-06-07 | 北京纳米能源与***研究所 | Triboelectric vibration sensor and real-time monitoring and early warning system |
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| JPH1151968A (en) * | 1997-07-31 | 1999-02-26 | Rion Co Ltd | Vibration sensor |
| DE10357870B4 (en) * | 2003-12-11 | 2013-02-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Sensor with symmetrical limitation of a signal |
| GB0719246D0 (en) * | 2007-10-03 | 2007-11-14 | Feonic Plc | Transducer for vibration absorbing, sensing and transmitting |
| WO2015055012A1 (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2015-04-23 | 纳米新能源（唐山）有限责任公司 | Friction generator and vibration sensor using dipolymer composite film and preparation method therefor |
| CN104720784A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2015-06-24 | 纳米新能源（唐山）有限责任公司 | Vibration sensor and production method thereof |
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| CN204361933U (en) * | 2015-01-09 | 2015-05-27 | 纳米新能源（唐山）有限责任公司 | A kind of based on piezoelectricity and the electric energy collecting device that rubs |
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| CN106324284B (en) * | 2015-06-15 | 2020-07-31 | 北京纳米能源与***研究所 | Accelerometer |
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| CN105978394A (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2016-09-28 | 中国科学院上海微***与信息技术研究所 | Flexible self-power generation acceleration sensor |
| CN207457264U (en) * | 2017-09-11 | 2018-06-05 | 浙江大学 | Frictional power generation acceleration transducer |
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