High-speed spindle of numerical control horizontal milling and boring machine and assembly method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of manufacturing of numerical control machine tools, in particular to a structure and an assembly method of a main shaft of a numerical control horizontal milling and boring machine and a related support connecting part thereof.
Background
The numerical control horizontal milling and boring machine is widely applied to various general machining industries, but along with the development of a mechanical manufacturing process and the wide application of high-speed cutting, the demands of users on the rotating speed and the stability of a main shaft of the numerical control horizontal milling and boring machine are also improved. The main shaft has low rotating speed, poor precision during high-speed processing and poor stability, which is common practice of a numerical control horizontal boring and milling machine, and the reason is that the centrifugal effect during high-speed rotation of the main shaft leads to overlarge acting force between the main shaft and a bearing, and the bearing is damaged due to uneven loading of the bearing; on the other hand, when the main shaft runs at high speed, a great amount of heat is generated, so that the main shaft and the main shaft bearing generate thermal deformation, and the main shaft is blocked. The high rotating speed, high rigidity, high precision and high stability of the numerical control horizontal milling and boring machine main shaft are all the key technical problems for improving the product quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-speed spindle applied to a numerical control horizontal milling and boring machine and an assembly method thereof, which solve the series of problems that the rotating speed of the spindle of the existing product is not high, the high-speed running spindle heats seriously, the abrasion of a spindle bearing is serious, the effective service life is short, the machining precision is not ideal when the spindle is machined at a higher rotating speed, and the like.
The high-speed spindle of the numerical control horizontal milling and boring machine is characterized in that the spindle is supported by three groups of bearings, the front end of the spindle is sleeved at the front part of an inner hole of a supporting sleeve through an angular contact ball bearing, an inner ring of the angular contact ball bearing is positioned through a shaft shoulder, an inner spacer, a rear spacer and a locking nut of the spindle respectively, and an outer ring of the angular contact ball bearing is positioned through a flange cover, an outer spacer and a shoulder of the supporting sleeve respectively; the middle part of the main shaft is sleeved at the rear part of an inner hole of the supporting sleeve through a middle angular contact ball bearing, an inner ring of the middle angular contact ball bearing is positioned through a front spacer bush and a long spacer bush respectively, an outer ring of the middle angular contact ball bearing is not positioned, a boring shaft is sleeved in the main shaft, and the rear end of the main shaft is sleeved on the main shaft box body through a deep groove ball bearing; the assembly method of the main shaft and the supporting sleeve comprises the following steps: before assembly, the corresponding matching parts of the front part and the middle part outer periphery of the main shaft are respectively matched and ground according to the actual size of the inner ring of the two-angle contact ball bearing, and the front part and the middle part outer periphery of the main shaft after matched and ground are respectively 0 to 0.004mm smaller than the actual size of the inner ring of the two-angle contact ball bearing; after the main shaft is matched and ground, the bearing and parts of each part are sequentially arranged in the front part and the rear middle part, the locking nut and the back cap are respectively screwed, the outer ring size of the two-angle contact ball bearing is measured by using a measuring tool, the corresponding matching part of the inner hole of the supporting sleeve is matched and ground according to the measured size, the matching part of the inner hole of the front part of the supporting sleeve is 0.002-0.008 mm larger than the actual size of the outer ring of the angular contact ball bearing after the matching and grinding, and the matching part of the inner hole of the middle part of the supporting sleeve is 0.015-0.022 mm larger than the actual size of the outer ring of the middle angular contact ball bearing; after the supporting sleeve is matched and ground, the assembled middle angular contact ball bearing part of the main shaft is disassembled, only the angular contact ball bearing, the inner spacer bush, the outer spacer bush, the rear spacer bush and the locking nut at the front end of the main shaft are reserved, then two keys are connected at corresponding positions of the main shaft by using screws, then the main shaft part is installed into the supporting sleeve from a hole at the front end of the supporting sleeve, a front flange cover is screwed on the front end of the supporting sleeve by using screws, finally the disassembled middle angular contact ball bearing and parts of the main shaft are sequentially installed on the main shaft from the rear end of the main shaft, a back cap is screwed, and a boring shaft is turned into the main shaft along two symmetrical long key slot alignment keys.
The invention has the remarkable characteristics that:
the main shaft is supported by three groups of bearings, an annular spiral groove is formed in the outer part of the supporting sleeve, cooling oil can be introduced from the outside to transfer heat, and heat generated when the angular contact ball bearing at the front end of the main shaft runs for a long time is guaranteed to be taken away, so that thermal expansion is not caused; the middle part of the main shaft is sleeved at the rear part of the inner hole ring of the supporting sleeve through a middle angular contact ball bearing, and gaps are reserved on two sides of the outer ring of the middle angular contact ball bearing, so that the angular contact ball bearing has enough thermal expansion space when the main shaft rotates at a high speed. The rear end of the main shaft is sleeved on the main shaft box body through the deep groove ball bearings, gaps are reserved on two sides of an outer ring of the deep groove ball bearings, the deep groove ball bearings are guaranteed to have enough thermal expansion space when the main shaft rotates at a high speed, and the arrangement mode of the three groups of bearings can effectively reduce the phenomena of overlarge bearing stress, unbalanced load and the like caused by centrifugal action when the main shaft rotates at a high speed.
Grease lubrication is adopted for the front part and the middle part of the main shaft angular contact ball bearing, and the sealing treatment is as follows: the front angular contact ball bearing is dustproof and waterproof through a labyrinth structure of the front end cover of the main shaft; the middle sealing treatment is to connect the oil shield on the flange cover, and the flange cover, the oil retainer and the oil shield form labyrinth seal to prevent the lubricating oil of the main transmission gear from entering the middle angular contact ball bearing of the main shaft to dilute lubricating grease so as to cause poor lubrication of the bearing; the deep groove ball bearing and the gear are lubricated by thin oil, and the rear part of the deep groove ball bearing is provided with a slinger, a sealing ring and an end cover connected to the spindle box to form a labyrinth sealing structure.
The assembly method of the main shaft and the supporting sleeve comprises the following steps: before the main shaft is assembled with the angular contact ball bearing, the corresponding matching part of the main shaft is firstly matched and ground according to the actual size of the inner ring of the angular contact ball bearing, and the size of the main shaft after matched and ground is smaller than the actual size of the inner ring of the angular contact ball bearing. And after the main shaft is matched and ground, the bearings and parts of each part are sequentially arranged in the front and the middle, the locking nuts and the back caps are respectively screwed, the outer ring sizes of the front and the middle angular contact ball bearings are measured by using a measuring tool, the corresponding matched parts of the supporting sleeve are matched and ground according to the measured sizes, and the matched and ground parts are larger than the actual sizes of the outer rings of the angular contact ball bearings. Because the annular spiral groove is formed in the outer portion of the matched position of the supporting sleeve and the front angular contact ball bearing, in order to introduce cooling oil from the outside for heat transfer, the matched gap is smaller than that of the middle angular contact ball bearing, the matched gap of the middle angular contact ball bearing is slightly larger, the thermal expansion space of the angular contact ball bearing when the main shaft rotates at a high speed is ensured, and the phenomenon that the bearing is blocked due to the fact that the inner ring and the outer ring are too tight is avoided. After the technology of the invention is finished, the maximum rotating speed of the main shaft with the diameter of 130mm can reach 3000r/min, the temperature of the main shaft is not more than 33 ℃ when the main shaft is operated for 4 hours at the maximum rotating speed, the temperature rise is not more than 10 ℃, the thermal extension of the main shaft is not more than 0.02mm, and the machining precision of each cutting sample is higher than the national standard. The invention is proved by the trial of a PBC130 of a numerical control horizontal milling and boring machine of a middle speed machine tool limited company, and is a spindle which has reasonable structure, reliable performance and high rotating speed, high rigidity, high precision and high stability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a spindle configuration of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a key connection.
Detailed Description
The reference number of the parts in figures 1 and 2 is 1 main shaft; 2, a front flange cover; 3, supporting the sleeve; 4, an inner spacer bush; 5, an outer spacer bush; 6, an angular contact ball bearing; 7 rear spacer bush of angular contact ball bearing 6; 8, locking the nut; 9 front spacer bush of middle angular contact ball bearing 10; 10, a middle angular contact ball bearing; 11 rear flange cover; 12 oil slingers; 13, oil shield; 14 long spacers of the middle angular contact ball bearing 10; a 15 bond; 16 main transmission gears; 17 short spacers of the middle angular contact ball bearing 10; 18 deep groove ball bearings; 19 a sealing ring; 20 back caps; 21 boring the shaft.
The high-speed main shaft structure of the numerical control horizontal boring and milling machine is shown in figures 1 and 2, and is characterized in that a main shaft 1 is supported by three groups of bearings, the front end of the main shaft 1 is sleeved at the front part of the inner side of a supporting sleeve 3 through an angular contact ball bearing 6, the inner ring of the angular contact ball bearing 6 is positioned by a shaft shoulder of the main shaft 1, an inner spacer bush 4, a rear spacer bush 7 and a locking nut 8 respectively, the outer ring of the angular contact ball bearing 6 is positioned by a front flange cover 2, an outer spacer bush 5 and a shoulder of the supporting sleeve 3 respectively, an annular spiral groove is formed in the outer part of the supporting sleeve 3, cooling oil can be introduced from the outside to transfer heat, and heat generated by long-time operation of the angular contact ball bearing 6 is ensured to be taken away without causing thermal expansion; the middle part of the main shaft 1 is sleeved at the rear part of the inner side of the supporting sleeve 3 through a middle angular contact ball bearing 10, the inner ring of the middle angular contact ball bearing 10 is positioned through a spacer 9 and a long spacer 14 respectively, the outer ring of the angular contact ball bearing 10 is not positioned, gaps are reserved on two sides of the outer ring of the middle angular contact ball bearing 10, and the middle angular contact ball bearing 10 is ensured to have enough thermal expansion space when the main shaft rotates at a high speed. The rear end of the main shaft 1 is sleeved on the main shaft box body through a deep groove ball bearing 18, and the inner ring of the deep groove ball bearing 18 is positioned through a long spacer bush 14, a main transmission gear 16, a short spacer bush 17, an oil retainer 12, a sealing ring 19 and a back cap 20 respectively; gaps are reserved on two sides of the outer ring of the deep groove ball bearing 18, so that the deep groove ball bearing 18 has enough thermal expansion space when the main shaft rotates at a high speed. The inside of the main shaft 1 is sleeved with a boring shaft 21, the boring shaft 21 is provided with two symmetrical long key grooves which are matched with the keys 15 for guiding, and the two keys 15 are symmetrically connected to the main shaft 1 through screws.
The angular contact ball bearings 6 and the middle angular contact ball bearings 10 are lubricated by grease, sealing treatment is needed, the angular contact ball bearings 6 are positioned at the front part, and dust and water are prevented by a labyrinth structure of a front end cover of the main shaft; the rear flange cover 11 is connected to the supporting sleeve 3 through a screw, the oil retainer 12 is adhered to one end of the long spacer 14 through an adhesive, the oil shield 13 is connected to the rear flange cover 11, the oil retainer 12 and the oil shield 13 form labyrinth seal, and poor lubrication of the bearing caused by the fact that lubricating oil of the main transmission gear 16 enters into an angle to contact with the ball bearing 10 to dilute lubricating grease is prevented; the deep groove ball bearing 18 and the gear 16 are lubricated by thin oil, and the rear part of the deep groove ball bearing 18 is provided with a slinger 12, a sealing ring 19 and an end cover connected to the main shaft box to form a labyrinth sealing structure.
The assembly method of the main shaft 1 and the supporting sleeve 3 comprises the following steps: when the main shaft 1 is assembled with the angular contact ball bearing 6, the corresponding matching position of the main shaft 1 is matched according to the actual size of the inner ring of the angular contact ball bearing 6, the size of the main shaft after matched grinding is 0 to 0.004mm smaller than the actual size of the inner ring of the angular contact ball bearing 6, and when the main shaft 1 is assembled with the middle angular contact ball bearing 10, the matched grinding mode is adopted, and the size after matched grinding is 0 to 0.004mm smaller than the actual size of the inner ring of the middle angular contact ball bearing 10. After finishing the main shaft 1, loading the bearing and parts according to the sequence of the front part and the rear middle part: the inner ring of the angular contact ball bearing 6 is arranged on the shaft shoulder of the main shaft 1, is separated by the inner spacer bush 4 and the rear spacer bush 7, and is positioned by the lock nut 8, the outer ring of the angular contact ball bearing 6 is separated by the outer spacer bush 5, and the front end of the angular contact ball bearing 6 is positioned at the shoulder of the supporting sleeve 3 by the flange cover 2; the front part of the inner ring of the middle angular contact ball bearing 10 is positioned by a front spacer bush 9, the rear part is positioned by a long spacer bush 14, and the outer ring of the middle angular contact ball bearing 10 is not positioned; the lock nut 8 and the back cap 21 are respectively screwed, at the moment, the outer ring sizes of the angular contact ball bearing 6 and the middle angular contact ball bearing 10 are measured by using a measuring tool, corresponding matching parts of the inner holes of the supporting sleeve 3 are matched and ground according to the measured sizes, the size of the matching parts of the inner holes of the front part of the supporting sleeve 3 and the middle angular contact ball bearing 10 is 0.002-0.008 mm larger than the actual size of the outer ring of the angular contact ball bearing 6, and the size of the matching parts of the inner holes of the rear part of the supporting sleeve 3 and the middle angular contact ball bearing 10 is 0.015-0.022 mm larger than the actual size of the outer ring of the middle angular contact ball bearing 10. Because the annular spiral groove is formed in the outer portion of the matched position of the supporting sleeve 3 and the angular contact ball bearing 6, cooling oil can be introduced from the outside to transfer heat, so that the matched gap is smaller than that of the middle angular contact ball bearing 10, the matched gap at the middle angular contact ball bearing 10 is slightly larger, the thermal expansion space of the angular contact ball bearing 10 during high-speed rotation of the main shaft is ensured, and the phenomenon that the bearing is blocked due to the fact that the inner ring and the outer ring are too tight is avoided. After the supporting sleeve 3 is matched and ground, the assembled middle angular contact ball bearing 10 parts of the main shaft 1 are disassembled, only the angular contact ball bearing 6, the inner spacer 4, the outer spacer 5, the spacer 7 and the locking nut 8 at the front end of the main shaft are reserved, then two keys 15 are connected to the corresponding positions of the main shaft 1 by screws, then the main shaft part is assembled into the supporting sleeve 3 from the front end hole of the supporting sleeve 3, and the front flange cover 2 is screwed at the front end of the supporting sleeve 3 by screws; finally, the disassembled middle angular contact ball bearing 10 and parts are sequentially assembled on the main shaft 1 from the rear end of the main shaft 1, the back cap 20 is screwed, and the boring shaft 21 is turned into the main shaft 1 along the two symmetrical long key groove alignment keys 15.
The boring shaft is sleeved in the main shaft, two symmetrical long key grooves are formed in the boring shaft and are matched with keys for guiding, and the two keys are symmetrically connected to the main shaft through screws. Gaps are reserved on two sides of the outer ring of the middle angular contact ball bearing, and gaps are reserved on two sides of the outer ring of the deep groove ball bearing 18, so that the main shaft is guaranteed to have enough thermal expansion space when rotating at a high speed.