CN107567362A - Gas atomization metal dust is pressed into part - Google Patents

Gas atomization metal dust is pressed into part Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107567362A
CN107567362A CN201680023892.4A CN201680023892A CN107567362A CN 107567362 A CN107567362 A CN 107567362A CN 201680023892 A CN201680023892 A CN 201680023892A CN 107567362 A CN107567362 A CN 107567362A
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carbon
density
technique
powder
steel
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克里斯特·阿斯兰德
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Metal Value Joint Stock Co
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Metal Value Joint Stock Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/16—Both compacting and sintering in successive or repeated steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/02—Compacting only
    • B22F3/087—Compacting only using high energy impulses, e.g. magnetic field impulses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/1003—Use of special medium during sintering, e.g. sintering aid
    • B22F3/1007—Atmosphere
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/02—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space
    • B30B11/027—Particular press methods or systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D3/00—Diffusion processes for extraction of non-metals; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D3/02—Extraction of non-metals
    • C21D3/04—Decarburising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/004—Very low carbon steels, i.e. having a carbon content of less than 0,01%
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/20—Carburising
    • C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/60—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
    • C23C8/62—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using solids, e.g. powders, pastes only one element being applied
    • C23C8/64—Carburising
    • C23C8/66—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
    • B22F2301/35—Iron
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses

Abstract

A kind of technique for the complete fine and close component for preparing carbon steel, comprises the following steps：A) powder of carbon steel is prepared by gas atomization, wherein carbon content is low, less than 0.15wt%, b) powder from step a) is reunited with least one hydrocolloid and elemental carbon, c) reunion powder come from step b) is suppressed at least 80% density of solid density, condition is that the reunion powder of compacting is still porous, allow gas portion's contact transmission in the inner, and the powder sintered of compacting extremely d) is higher than the 98% of solid density, preferably above 99% density of solid density, carbonaceous gas is wherein added during sintering, component is finally subjected to high velocity compacted (HVC).Advantages of the present invention includes manufacturing is difficult to the fine and close component of powder suppressed with other techniques.

Description

Gas atomization metal dust is pressed into part
Technical field
This patent disclosure relates generally to a kind of technique for suppressing carbon containing hardenable steel.It is further related to by this technique system The part made.
Background technology
Some powder technologies in this area use the gas mist of the pre-alloyed steel alloy different from conventional powders technology Change powder, wherein spherical gas atomized powder obtains good green strength before press/sintering and is agglomerated into press-powder.Carry first One example of the technique arrived is with trade nameMMS is described.
When using the gas atomized powder of conventional carbon steel and other hardenable steel, they atomization process in itself in it is hard Change, because in atomization process, cooling occurs so fast so that powder is hardened.Hardness is determined in itself by alloy certainly.
It is well known that carbon content determines typical carbon steel and some other alloys, such as martensite, ferritic stainless steel Hardness.Generally, the carbon content of business carbon steel is about 0.2wt% to most about 1.3wt%.
Ferroalloy, i.e. steel, quenching degree be carbon content and the crystallite size of other alloying elements and austenite function. The quenching degree of ferroalloy is measured by Jominy test (Jominy test)：By being heat-treated standard-sized circle Metal bar is converted into 100% austenite (as shown in top image), then uses room temperature water quenching at one end.Cooling velocity is being quenched One end highest of fire, and as the distance apart from port increases and reduces.After the cooling period, flat surfaces are ground on test specimen, Then quenching degree is obtained by measuring along the hardness of rod.Quenched end from hardness extension is more remote, and quenching degree is higher.
The gas atomized powder of the pre-alloyed steel alloy of direct pressing, it will be produced after initial compacting with low-down The hard powder of the pressed part of density.This is clearly a shortcoming, and is had a negative impact to subsequent process steps；Sintering, Re-compacted (reignition of arc) and final sintering or without capsule high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) (HIP), because target is to reach density as high as possible.Mesh Mark is more than 99% final densities for reaching solid density.
A kind of approach of this area is the soft annealing metal dust before reunion.However, this is not direct, because Metal dust will sinter to a certain extent during soft annealing.After such soft annealing, sintered powder block must be Using preceding pulverized and be sieved into suitable grain graininess.The program is expensive, complicated and time-consuming.
Therefore, problems of the prior art are how to provide a kind of method, and it is faster and more cheap to be easier Mode realize final densities exceed solid density 99% (or at least over 98%) hardenable steel, i.e., carbon containing alloy, Particularly carbon steel.
General introduction
The defects of it is an object of the invention to eliminate at least some prior arts, and a kind of manufacture metal dust group is provided The modified technique of part.
In first aspect, there is provided a kind of complete cause for preparing the material selected from the group being made up of carbon steel and phosphorus-containing alloy The technique of seal assembly, the complete fine and close component have be higher than solid density 98%, preferably above 99% density, the technique Comprise the following steps：
A) powder of carbon steel is prepared by gas atomization, wherein carbon content is less than 0.15wt%,
B) powder from step a) is reunited with least one hydrocolloid, wherein the addition element form during reunion Carbon,
C) in the first pressing step by from step b) reunion powder suppress to solid density at least 80% it is close Degree, condition are that the reunion powder of compacting is still porous, it is allowed to gas portion's contact transmission in the inner,
D) using at least sintering, subsequent drawing velocity is more than the high velocity compacted (HVC) of 5 meter per seconds, further pressing step c) The reunion powder of middle compacting is to 98% density for being higher than solid density, wherein adding carbonaceous gas during sintering.
In second aspect, there is provided the complete fine and close component manufactured according to above-mentioned technique, its density is higher than solid density 98%, wherein component includes carbon steel.
Other aspects and embodiment are defined in the following claims.
One advantage can be manufactured with solid density (i.e. higher than the 98% of solid density, preferably above solid density Carbon steel agglomerated particle 99%) component, it is manufactured difficult and/or at least expensive with other techniques.
Detailed content
Before the present invention is disclosed and described in detail, it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to specific chemical combination disclosed herein Thing, construction, method and step, base material and material, because these compounds, construction, method and step, base material and material can be certain Change in degree.It should also be understood that the purpose of terms used herein is only description embodiment, it is no intended to for forming limit System, because the scope of the present invention is limited only by the following claims and its limitation of equivalent.
As used herein, steel represents the alloy of iron and other elements, and other elements are mainly carbon.
Solid density represents the maximal density of material in the cards in theory, the i.e. perfection for no any defect Material.
It has to be noticed that unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, otherwise use in the specification and the appended claims Singulative "one", " one kind " and " described " include plural thing.
If without defining in addition, any term and scientific terminology used herein are intended to have of the art The implication that technical staff is generally understood.
In first aspect, there is provided a kind of complete cause for preparing the material selected from the group being made up of carbon steel and phosphorus-containing alloy The technique of seal assembly, the complete fine and close component have be higher than solid density 98%, preferably above 99% density, the technique Comprise the following steps：
A) powder of carbon steel is prepared by gas atomization, wherein carbon content is less than 0.15wt%,
B) powder from step a) is reunited with least one hydrocolloid, wherein the addition element form during reunion Carbon,
C) in the first pressing step by from step b) reunion powder suppress to solid density at least 80% it is close Degree, condition are that the reunion powder of compacting is still porous, it is allowed to gas portion's contact transmission in the inner,
D) using at least sintering, subsequent drawing velocity is more than the high velocity compacted (HVC) of 5 meter per seconds, further pressing step c) The reunion powder of middle compacting is to 98% density for being higher than solid density, wherein adding carbonaceous gas during sintering.
In many embodiments, become hardenable in above-mentioned steps a) to the carbon steel after c), that is, select alloy The type of (steel) and the carbon content added in step b) after carbon so that material may harden.In one embodiment, it is carbon containing Steel is hardenable after step c).Carbon steel in step a) before gas atomization is located in one embodiment Reason so that carbon content falls below 0.15wt% carbon content.The reduction of this carbon content allow to use than it is many its The easier gas atomization of its method manufactures powder, therefore high even for carbon content and hardenable steel can also use gas Body is atomized.The carbon of addition element form during reunion in step b) so that carbon content increases to desirable value.In an implementation In mode, carbon content is selected make it that steel (or alloy) is hardenable." quenching degree " or hardenable refer to by given Heat treatment, the alloy comprising Fe-C is by forming the ability of martensitic hardening.
All sintering atmospheres have a certain amount of oxygen.The amount of oxygen is generally surveyed with the so-called dew point instrument of measurement dew point Amount.Dew point levels are that oxygen amount in sintering atmosphere is measured at a given temperature.
- 5 DEG C of water of correspondence 0.4%
- 10 DEG C of water of correspondence 0.27%
- 20 DEG C of water of correspondence 0.1%
Actual oxygen atom in water is combined with carbon and forms more stable compound CO.
If not taking any measures to compensate and/or hinder the reaction, the carbon of part will be depleted, and material is not Its analysis can be realized, i.e., can not reach the carbon measured needed for material.
Even if stove is started with low dew point, when the temperature rise in stove, oxygen/water from heat guard, powder, adhesive in itself etc. Release.The representative value of dew point is -20 DEG C during sintering.
Methane is the stable compound under high temperature, but it reacts to form CO and free hydrogen with water at high temperature.Therefore, may be used To use the carbon gas of including but not limited to methane as " sacrifice " compound, to prevent press-powder part during being sintered in hydrogen In carbon loss.
By using normal experiment, technical staff can determine the precise volume for the methane to be added, so as to during sintering Stablize and produce " neutrality " atmosphere, with preventing portion part decarburization.It is expected to produce such atmosphere to reach needed for final products Carbon content.Hereafter example provides guidance, such as Examples below 6 for this.Technical staff can be carried out according to this specification Normal experiment is to determine the exact amount for the methane to be added.Quantity of material that required Exact concentrations are depended in stove and stove etc..Skill Art personnel can repeat the experiment in Examples below 6, and suitable methane concentration used is similarly determined.
Due to the carbon that with the addition of element form, ((step c), component end item, which has, is higher than step a) for step b) and carbonaceous gas In the carbon content of powder that is initially provided of.
After step c), carbonaceous gas can enter part, because the part is still porous.Burnt in step d) After knot, part is no longer porous.After step c), its density is at least the 80% of solid density, but less closely knit, is made It has infiltration structure and is still porous so that gas can come and go transmission in the interior zone of part.In a reality Apply in mode, the density after step c) is in the 80-90% of solid density section.In an alternative embodiment, step c) Density afterwards is in the 85-90% of solid density section.In another embodiment, the density after step c) is resonable In section by the 80-92% of density.For most of materials, be not suitable for using the 92% higher density than solid density, Because powder will no longer be porous, therefore gas can not transmit in the intrabranch of part.For some embodiments and material Material, it can also be suppressed in step c) to 80% density of slightly less than solid density.Therefore, in one embodiment, One pressing step c) density is at least the 75% of solid density.Term " percentage of solid density " represents the density of the part Account for the percentage of most high-density in materials theory.Density is calculated as the weight of per unit volume.
In one embodiment, the content of the carbon of the element form added in step b) during reunion is equivalent to step It is rapid a) in carbon content in carbon steel and step d) difference between the carbon content needed for finished steel afterwards.It should be noted that step a) In the carbon content of carbon steel may be very low.
In one embodiment, the carbon of element form is added in the form of graphite in step b).In an embodiment In, the carbon of element form is added in the form of carbon dust in step b).In one embodiment, in step b) element form carbon Added with particle form of the particle mean size in 0.1-10 μm of section.This is an advantage, because little particle generation one is larger Surface, substance reaction that can quickly with surrounding.Any type of carbon can be used as little particle to add, including but not limited to stone Ink.
In one embodiment, in step b) carbon of element form to include the insoluble of the carbon being suspended in whole liquid Property particle colloid form add.The carbon of element form can be any kind of carbonaceous particles in colloidal suspension liquid, including But it is not limited to elemental carbon and graphite.Add colloidal form carbon have ensure the advantages of carbon particle is uniformly distributed.Solid particle exists Colloidal suspension liquid in liquid is also referred to as colloidal sol.Preferably, colloidal sol is stable, and the power tool of the Brownian movement from particle There is the order of magnitude identical or bigger with gravity so that colloidal sol can not depend on gravity to settle.Which ensure that the uniform of carbon divides in part Cloth.The stability of colloidal sol is maintained by adding dispersant in one embodiment.
When sintering carbon steel in reducing atmosphere, it is important that control carbon content.
By new technique, wherein pure carbon can be added in the form of superfine graphite, because carbon is in existing powder particle On be short grained form, it will be apparent that carbon is even more easily removed, and because part/material is porous, therefore carbon Extremely easily reduce.Porosity is usually 10-15% (equivalent to the 85-90% of solid density density), it is allowed to gas/atmosphere Flowed freely in sintering.
In one embodiment, the carbon steel in step a) before gas atomization is processed so that carbon content is reduced to Less than 0.10wt%, preferably smaller than 0.050wt% carbon content.Relatively low carbon content prevents metallic particles during gas atomization Hardening.
The reunion powder of compacting from step c) is sintered.The gas for including carbon atom is added during sintering, to prevent Only carburizing or decarburization.Gas is methane in one embodiment.Including but not limited to its of propane and gasoline can also be used His carbonaceous gas implements this method, but the experiment carried out so far shows, at least in setting used in experiment, methane With optimum precision and optimum.
In step d), the reunion powder of the compacting from step c) is sintered and through HVC and optional other compacting Step.HVC is the high velocity compacted of the drawing velocity of 5 meter per seconds or more.In step d), it is contemplated that material first with gas sintered, Then HVC is carried out.Therefore, the compacting in step d) can separate in time, i.e., material can first with gas sintered, and HVC is carried out after a period of time.
In one embodiment, the aod PROCESS FOR TREATMENT of the carbon steel in step a) before gas atomization.Argon Oxygen decarburization (AOD) is the technique for having the advanced alloy of oxidizable element such as chromium and aluminium for manufacturing stainless steel and other.First Begin after fusing, by metal transfer into AOD containers, carry out three step refinings in this embodiment；Decarburization, reduction and desulfurization.
In one embodiment, the carbon steel in step a) before gas atomization is processed in a vacuum furnace.
In second aspect, there is provided the complete fine and close component manufactured according to said process, it has higher than solid density 98% density, wherein component include carbon steel.In one embodiment, its density is higher than the 99% of solid density.
On the other hand, there is provided (i.e. density is higher than solid density for a kind of complete fine and close component for preparing carbon steel 98wt%, preferably above 99wt%) technique, the technique comprises the following steps：
A) powder of carbon steel is prepared by gas atomization,
B) powder from step a) is reunited with least one hydrocolloid,
C) reunion powder from step b) is suppressed at least 80wt%'s of solid density in the first pressing step Density,
Wherein described carbon steel by above-mentioned steps a) to c) being hardenable, wherein in step a) before gas atomization Carbon steel be processed so that carbon content drops below 0.15wt% carbon content, and during the reunion in step b) The carbon of addition element form.
In one embodiment, the content of the carbon of the element form added in step b) during reunion is equivalent to step It is rapid a) in carbon content in carbon steel and step d) difference between the carbon content needed for finished steel afterwards.
In one embodiment, the carbon of element form is added in the form of graphite in step b).In an embodiment In, the carbon of element form is added in the form of carbon dust in step b).
In one embodiment, the carbon steel in step a) before gas atomization is processed so that carbon content reduces Extremely it is less than 0.10wt%, preferably smaller than 0.050wt% carbon content.
In one embodiment, the reunion powder from step c) compacting is sintered.In one embodiment, exist The gas for including carbon atom is added during sintering, to prevent carburizing or decarburization.In one embodiment, gas is methane.
In one embodiment, the reunion powder of the compacting from step c) is carried out it is at least one be selected from by sintering and The processing of the group of HVC (compacting of high velocity compacted, i.e. drawing velocity more than 5 meter per seconds) compositions.
In one embodiment, the aod PROCESS FOR TREATMENT of the carbon steel in step a) before gas atomization. In one embodiment, the carbon steel in step a) before gas atomization is handled in a vacuum furnace.
Can the above-mentioned described alternate embodiments of independent assortment or implementation without departing from the inventive concept The part of mode, as long as the combination is not conflicting.
By reading specification and embodiment, further feature of the invention and purposes and its associated advantages are for this area Technical staff will be apparent.
It should be appreciated that the invention is not restricted to particular implementation shown here.These embodiments are provided to be in order at Bright purpose, it is not intended that limitation the scope of the present invention, because the scope of the present invention is only by appended claims and its equivalent Limitation.
It following present some examples of the new technology.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1, comparative example
By the 42CrMo that carbon content is about 0.4wt%4Steel grade is atomized and is sized to the powder that maximum particle size is 150 μm.Will Powder is reunited, and is then suppressed in so-called HVC (high velocity compacted) press.The density for measuring pressing assembly is about nominal density The 74% of (solid density).This is a low-down value.By contrast, standard Stainless steel 316 L (1.40404) type is pressed Into 90% density with roughly the same parameter.It is obvious that even if steel further obtain optimal processing, reach 98- 99% final densities are just possible and extremely difficult at last, and this final densities be it is necessary, so as to identical Forged material is compared, and finished Components obtain enough performances.
Embodiment 2
Another experiment of steel grade also same as Example 1.In this case, steel passes through so-called AOD (argons Oxidation and decarbonization agent), the carbon content in said steel falls below 0.1wt%, particularly 0.08wt% carbon content.AOD After processing, the steel is atomized into powder as described above and reunited.After being suppressed with identical parameter, solid density is obtained 86% pressing assembly.In order to ensure the component after compacting has appropriate carbon content, fine stone is added into agglomerated mixture Ink, it compensate for the carbon removed with AOD.Atmosphere in subsequent sintering process is hydrogen, and adds a small amount of methane, and its concentration to burn Decarburization will not occur during knot.The graphite of addition is absorbed by frit, and uniform carbon content is obtained in whole component Distribution.Sintered at 1250 DEG C, with after annealing, carry out HVC and final sintering again, obtain final densities as solid density 99.2%.The mechanical value of normal configuration and normal, expected is presented in finished Components.
Embodiment 3
Experiment same as Example 2 is repeated, but carbon is reduced into 0.012wt% carbon.Compacting reaches theoretical under HVC 91% density of density.In this case, the final densities of above-mentioned steps are used as 99.6%.
Embodiment 4, comparative example
In another embodiment, manufacture is commonly used to manufacture the steel of ball bearing.This kind of steel is referred to as 100Cr6 (1.3505).The carbon content of this kind of steel is about 1wt%, during hardening relative " hard ".Density after direct pressing is only solid density 72%, therefore final densities be not up to higher than solid density 94%.
Embodiment 5
Technique same as Example 4 is repeated, but wherein carbon content is reduced to 0.009wt% and made according to the present invention It is standby.The density for causing to suppress composition is 90%.Final densities are 99.2%, and finished Components possess good performance.With methane and Final density is obtained after HVC sintering.
Embodiment 6
With the analysis powder hydrocolloid that correspondingly ball bearing steel 100Cr 6/EN 1.3350 but carbon content are 0.05% Reunite.In aggregation procedure, carbon adds in the form of granularity is 1-3 μm of aquadag.The content of graphite so calculates, finally Carbon content should be 1.05% in the range of standard forged material.
Part is suppressed to the 87% of solid density in HVC press.
Then these parts are heated to 1170 DEG C in the CM type batch furnaces in the stove space with 0.4m cubic forms Temperature.Until 400 DEG C, adhesive/glue evacuator body, firing rate is 100 DEG C/h, is afterwards 200 DEG C/h.Pure hydrogen Throughput is 1.6 cubic metres per hour.
Methane is added by flowmeter with different speed., represent per hour 1.0 × 10 at 100 points on scale-2m3First Alkane flow, it means that about 1wt% carrier gas is hydrogen.
In first time tests, addition is 60 points on scale.Final carbon analysis is 0.46wt% carbon, and this is meaned The methane content for addition is too low.
The scale of second of experiment is 80 points, and it is 0.78wt%C to represent final carbon content.
100 points of carbon contents for providing 0.98wt% next time,
120 points on scale provide 1.13wt% final carbon content.
Above-mentioned experiment shows that, for methane of the scale between 100-110 points, obtained carbon content is in above-mentioned 100Cr 6 Material standard limits in, its be 0.93-1.05wt% carbon.
The dew point measured during whole circulation starts from -60 DEG C of no-load stove, but about -20 DEG C are increased to during sintering.
Embodiment 7
Experiment similar to Example 6, it is equally possible using other carbonaceous gas, such as propane, gasoline etc., but in this spy Provided and methane identical precision and stability in fixed setting.Therefore, it appears that methane has stable behavior, and can To be suitably industrially used to control final carbon content during sintering above-mentioned material.Up to 1250 DEG C of sintering test confirms This behavior.

Claims (14)

1. a kind of technique for the complete fine and close component for preparing the material selected from the group being made up of carbon steel and phosphorus-containing alloy, described complete Complete fine and close component has 98% higher than solid density, and preferably above 99% density, the technique comprises the following steps：
A) powder of carbon steel is prepared by gas atomization, wherein carbon content is less than 0.15wt%,
B) powder and at least one hydrocolloid from step a) are reunited, wherein during reunion addition element form carbon,
C) reunion powder from step b) is suppressed at least 80% density of solid density, condition in the first pressing step It is that the reunion powder of compacting is still porous, it is allowed to gas portion's contact transmission in the inner,
D) using at least sintering, subsequent drawing velocity is more than the high velocity compacted of 5 meter per seconds, the group that will further be suppressed in step c) Poly powder is suppressed to 98% density higher than solid density, wherein adding carbonaceous gas during sintering.
2. technique according to claim 1, wherein the carbon of the element form added during reunion in step b) contains Measure equivalent to the difference between the carbon content needed for the carbon content in carbon steel in step a) and step d) afterwards finished steel.
3. according to the technique any one of claim 1-2, wherein the carbon of element form is with the shape of graphite in step b) Formula adds.
4. according to the technique any one of claim 1-3, wherein the carbon of element form is with the shape of carbon dust in step b) Formula adds.
5. according to the technique any one of claim 1-4, wherein the carbon of element form is with particle mean size in step b) Particle form in 0.1-10 μm of section adds.
6. according to the technique any one of claim 1-5, wherein the carbon of element form is to include suspension in step b) The form of the colloid of the insoluble granule of carbon in whole liquid adds.
7. according to the technique any one of claim 1-6, wherein the carbon steel quilt in step a) before gas atomization Processing so that carbon content decreases below 0.10wt% carbon content.
8. according to the technique any one of claim 1-7, wherein the carbon steel quilt in step a) before gas atomization Processing so that carbon content decreases below 0.050wt% carbon content.
9. according to the technique any one of claim 1-8, wherein the carbon steel in step a) before gas atomization is used Aod processing.
10. according to the technique any one of claim 1-9, wherein the carbon steel in step a) before gas atomization exists It is processed in vacuum drying oven.
11. according to the technique any one of claim 1-10, wherein carbon steel is hardenable after step c).
12. according to the technique any one of claim 1-11, wherein the carbonaceous gas is methane.
13. the complete compact components manufactured according to any one of claim 1-12, the compact components completely have higher than reason By 98% density of density, wherein the part includes carbon steel.
14. complete compact components according to claim 13, wherein the density is higher than the 99% of the solid density.
CN201680023892.4A 2015-02-25 2016-02-24 Gas atomization metal dust is pressed into part Pending CN107567362A (en)

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