CN107548864B - Big tree planting method for coastal saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Big tree planting method for coastal saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN107548864B CN107548864B CN201710997180.9A CN201710997180A CN107548864B CN 107548864 B CN107548864 B CN 107548864B CN 201710997180 A CN201710997180 A CN 201710997180A CN 107548864 B CN107548864 B CN 107548864B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a big tree planting method for coastal saline-alkali land, which forms a big tree planting system by arranging a salt control and water permeable module, a bottom salt isolation layer, a water collecting pipe, water filling, rainwater collection and the like, not only effectively prevents excessive salt around a planting hole from permeating into the planting hole, but also is convenient for a root system to transversely grow through a gap of the salt control and water permeable module, increases the space for root system growth, overcomes the defect that the traditional planting pool obstructs the transverse growth of the root system, is favorable for improving the wind resistance and growth vigor of a big tree, simultaneously promotes the recycling of water filling and rainwater resources, reduces the construction cost for big tree planting, and is favorable for the long-term growth of the big tree.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a big tree planting method, in particular to a big tree planting method in coastal saline-alkali soil.
Background
Because the soil in the coastal areas is often soaked by seawater, the salinity is high, and excessive soluble salts are accumulated on the surface layer or the soil body of the soil, the soil in the coastal areas is salinized to form coastal saline-alkali soil, and the plant growth and the land resource utilization are seriously influenced.
At present, big trees are planted in coastal saline-alkali areas by adopting modes of planting in large-hole soil removal and closed soil removal lifting ground, and the like, particularly, in areas with high salinity, soil removal is adopted to lift the ground, an isolation layer is arranged below the soil removal, and water flow between the soil removal and the saline-alkali soil is isolated by using barred rock or reinforced concrete around the soil removal, so that a planting pond for the big trees is constructed. The method achieves certain landscape greening effect in a short term, but has the following problems in a long term: firstly, as the root of the big tree grows and is rooted, the barred rocks or reinforced concrete arranged around the root can block the transverse growth of the root and is not beneficial to the absorption and utilization of nutrients; secondly, in order to prevent the saline-alkali soil around from polluting the foreign soil, the planting pool formed by the foreign soil is positioned above the ground, so that the planting pool is not beautiful and has limited application range; thirdly, the construction cost of the planting pond is high, which is not beneficial to wide popularization and application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of a big tree planting pool in a coastal saline-alkali area, and provides a big tree planting method for the coastal saline-alkali area with the functions of controlling salt, draining water and collecting water, so as to promote the reuse of irrigation and rainwater resources, reduce the construction cost of big tree planting and be beneficial to the long-term growth of big trees.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a big tree planting method for coastal saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps:
A. excavating planting holes according to the specifications of the transplanted big trees, wherein the diameter of each planting hole is 1.6-2 m larger than the diameter of a soil ball of the transplanted big trees, and the depth of each planting hole exceeds the height of the soil ball by 60-120 cm;
B. paving stones with the particle size of 3-5 cm at the bottom of the planting hole to form a hill-shaped salt separation layer, paving a permeable geotextile layer on the salt separation layer, and paving a circle of water collecting pipes wrapped with the permeable geotextile around the bottom end of the salt separation layer, wherein the slope drop between the opening ends of the water collecting pipes and the highest point of the water collecting pipes is 1% -2%;
C. burying a water storage tank outside the planting hole at a position close to the open end of the water collecting pipe and lower than the salt isolation layer, connecting the water collecting pipe with the water storage tank by using a connecting pipe, and vertically arranging a drain pipe with the upper end extending to the ground at the upper end of the water storage tank;
D. preparing a salt-controlling water-permeable module, arranging a first water-permeable hole with the diameter of 5mm on a PVC pipe with the diameter of 5-10 cm, and filling permeable bagged active carbon or cationic resin into the PVC pipe to form the salt-controlling water-permeable module;
E. inserting at least two inner and outer circles of salt control and water permeable modules around the planting hole, arranging the two layers of salt control and water permeable modules in a staggered manner, keeping the distance between the same circle of salt control and water permeable modules at about 20-25 cm, and backfilling foreign soil in the gap between the salt control and water permeable modules for fixation;
F. and moving the transplanted big tree into a planting hole, backfilling the alien soil, covering a layer of bark or straw on the surface layer of the alien soil, performing conventional maintenance, and periodically taking out the salt control water permeable module for replacement.
Preferably, the top end of the salt isolation layer is 20-30 cm away from the original soil layer, and the gradient is 3 per mill.
Preferably, the distance between the salt control water permeable module of the outer ring and the boundary of the soil ball is 40cm, and the distance between the inner and outer salt control water permeable modules is 20 cm.
Preferably, a second water permeable hole with the aperture of 2cm is arranged on one side of the water collecting pipe close to the salt separating layer.
Preferably, the salt control water permeable module is wrapped with a layer of water permeable geotextile.
Preferably, the water storage tank is made of polypropylene.
Preferably, the salt content in the backfill alien soil is less than 0.1%.
Based on the technical scheme, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) compared with the closed soil removal and ground lifting planting technology which is commonly adopted in the past, the method does not need to lift the ground to build the planting pool, is beautiful after construction, and has wide application range;
(2) the method not only effectively prevents the salt around the planting hole from excessively permeating into the planting hole, but also is convenient for the root system to transversely grow through the gap of the salt-controlling water-permeable module, increases the space for the root system to grow, overcomes the defect that the traditional planting pool obstructs the transverse growth of the root system, and is beneficial to improving the wind resistance and the growth vigor of the big tree;
(3) the accumulation time of salt in the backfilled foreign soil is prolonged, the slow increase of the salt content near the root system is beneficial to improving the adaptability of the root system of the big tree to the saline-alkali soil, promotes the growth and development of lateral roots and plays a role in really improving the saline-alkali soil;
(4) the water with salt is effectively collected and recycled through the salt isolation layer and the collection of irrigation water or rainwater, and is recycled after ground treatment, so that the permeation of salt-containing water to deep underground water is reduced, and the air permeability of soil is improved;
(5) and the salt-control water-permeable module is adopted, so that the construction is simpler through modular operation, the construction time is shortened, the construction efficiency is improved, and the popularization and the application of the technology are facilitated.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a method for growing big trees;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the salt-controlling water-permeable module;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a header.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
The invention provides a big tree planting method for coastal saline-alkali soil. As shown in fig. 1-3, a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown. Specifically, the big tree planting method comprises the following steps:
A. excavating a planting hole 14 according to the specification of the transplanted big tree 1, wherein the diameter of the planting hole 14 is 1.6-2 m larger than the diameter of a soil ball of the transplanted big tree 1, and the depth of the planting hole exceeds the height of the soil ball by 60-120 cm;
B. paving stones with the particle size of 3-5 cm at the bottom of the planting hole 14 to form a hill-shaped salt separation layer 6, paving a permeable geotextile layer 5 on the salt separation layer 6, paving a circle of water collecting pipe 12 wrapped with the permeable geotextile around the bottom end of the salt separation layer 6, and enabling the slope drop of the opening end 7 of the water collecting pipe 12 and the highest point of the water collecting pipe 12 to be 1% -2%;
C. a water storage tank 9 is buried outside the planting hole 14 and close to the open end 7 of the water collecting pipe 12 and lower than the salt isolation layer 6, the water collecting pipe 12 is connected with the water storage tank 9 through a connecting pipe 8, and a drain pipe 10 with the upper end extending to the ground is vertically arranged at the upper end of the water storage tank 9;
D. preparing a salt-controlling water-permeable module 3, arranging a first water-permeable hole with the diameter of 5mm on a PVC pipe with the diameter of 5-10 cm, and filling permeable bagged active carbon 4 or cationic resin into the PVC pipe to form the salt-controlling water-permeable module 3;
E. at least two inner and outer circles of salt control and water permeable modules 3 are inserted around the planting hole 14, the salt control and water permeable modules 3 at two layers are arranged in a staggered mode, the distance between the salt control and water permeable modules 3 at the same circle is about 20-25 cm, and foreign soil 2 is backfilled in gaps between the salt control and water permeable modules 3 for fixation;
F. and (3) moving the transplanted big tree 14 into the planting hole 14, backfilling the alien soil 2, covering a layer of bark or straw on the surface layer of the alien soil, performing conventional maintenance, and periodically taking out the salt control water permeable module 3 for replacement.
As shown in FIG. 1, a planting hole 14 is dug according to the specification of a transplanted big tree 1, and a hill-shaped salt-separating layer 6 is formed by filling stones with a particle size of 3-5 cm at the bottom of the planting hole 14. Preferably, the top end of the salt isolation layer 6 is 20-30 cm away from the original soil layer, and the gradient is 3 per mill. And laying a water collecting pipe 12 around the bottom end of the salt separation layer 6, and arranging second water permeable holes with the aperture of 2cm on the water collecting pipe 12 close to one side of the salt separation layer 6, wherein the water permeable holes are densely distributed. The slope between the opening end 7 of the water collecting pipe 12 and the highest point is 1% -2%, which is convenient for irrigation water or rainwater to quickly collect to the opening end 7. A water storage tank 9 is buried outside the planting hole 14 and close to the open end 7 of a water collecting pipe 12 and lower than the salt isolation layer 6, the water collecting pipe 12 is connected with the water storage tank 9 through a connecting pipe 8, and a vertical drain pipe 10 is arranged at the upper end of the water storage tank 9, so that irrigation water or rainwater can be pumped to the ground by a water pump for recycling after treatment.
As shown in figure 3, in order to prevent the stones from blocking the water permeable holes on the water collecting pipe 12, a layer of permeable geotextile is wrapped on the water collecting pipe, and a second water permeable hole with the aperture of 2cm is arranged on one side of the water collecting pipe 12 close to the salt separating layer 6. And a permeable geotextile layer 5 is laid on the salt-separating layer 6 to prevent the backfilled foreign soil 2 from entering the stone gaps of the salt-separating layer 6 and reduce the salt-resisting effect of the salt-separating layer 6. As shown in fig. 2, 2-4 layers of salt control and water permeable modules 3 are arranged around the planting hole 14, and the distance between the salt control and water permeable modules 3 is about 20cm, so that the salt in the saline-alkali soil around the planting hole 14 is slowed down to permeate and transfer into the backfill soil 2 of the planting hole 14, the salt content near the root system is reduced, and the root system can grow transversely. And backfilling the alien soil 2, covering a layer of bark or straw on the surface layer of the alien soil, reducing the evaporation loss of soil moisture in the planting hole 14, and further reducing the salt content in the surrounding saline-alkali soil from entering the alien soil along with the transfer of the moisture.
As shown in fig. 1, accuse salt module 3 of permeating water is the column PVC pipe, and inside packing cation resin or active carbon sets up the first hole of permeating water that the diameter is 5mm according to the determining deviation on the outer wall of PVC pipe, and PVC outside of tubes parcel one deck geotechnological cloth that permeates water when using prevents that outside soil from getting into and blocking the hole of permeating water to regularly will accuse salt module 3 of permeating water extracts and change. Preferably, the distance between the outer ring of the salt control water permeable module 3 and the soil ball boundary is 40cm, and the distance between the inner ring of the salt control water permeable module 3 and the outer ring of the salt control water permeable module 3 is 20 cm. The water storage tank 9 is made of polypropylene, and the top end of the water storage tank 9 is positioned in the original soil layer 11 below the salt isolation layer 6, so that moisture can be collected conveniently. The salt content of the backfilled alien soil 2 is required to be lower than 0.1 percent so as to ensure that the salinity and alkalinity cannot be increased.
The technical principle of the salt elimination and desalination of the invention is as follows: because salinity migrates along with the flow of moisture, when the moisture flows through the salt-controlling permeable module, the salinity in the water can be reduced through ion replacement or adsorption, and then the transverse permeation of the salinity in the saline-alkali soil around the planting hole into the backfilled foreign soil is reduced.
Based on the technical principle, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) compared with the closed soil removal and ground lifting planting technology which is commonly adopted in the past, the method does not need to lift the ground to build the planting pool, is beautiful after construction, and has wide application range;
(2) the method not only effectively prevents the salt around the planting hole from excessively permeating into the planting hole, but also is convenient for the root system to transversely grow through the gap of the salt-controlling water-permeable module, increases the space for the root system to grow, overcomes the defect that the traditional planting pool obstructs the transverse growth of the root system, and is beneficial to improving the wind resistance and the growth vigor of the big tree;
(3) the accumulation time of salt in the backfilled foreign soil is prolonged, the slow increase of the salt content near the root system is beneficial to improving the adaptability of the root system of the big tree to the saline-alkali soil, promotes the growth and development of lateral roots and plays a role in really improving the saline-alkali soil;
(4) the water with salt is effectively collected and recycled through the salt isolation layer and the collection of irrigation water or rainwater, and is recycled after ground treatment, so that the permeation of salt-containing water to deep underground water is reduced, and the air permeability of soil is improved;
(5) and the salt-control water-permeable module is adopted, so that the construction is simpler through modular operation, the construction time is shortened, the construction efficiency is improved, and the popularization and the application of the technology are facilitated.
Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that: modifications to the specific embodiments of the invention or equivalent substitutions for parts of the technical features may be made; without departing from the spirit of the present invention, it is intended to cover all aspects of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A big tree planting method for coastal saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: the big tree planting method comprises the following steps:
A. excavating a planting hole (14) according to the specification of the transplanted big tree (1), wherein the diameter of the planting hole (14) is 1.6-2 m larger than the diameter of a soil ball of the transplanted big tree (1), and the depth exceeds the height of the soil ball by 60-120 cm;
B. paving stones with the particle size of 3-5 cm at the bottom of the planting hole (14) to form a hill-shaped salt separation layer (6), paving a permeable geotextile layer (5) on the salt separation layer (6), paving a water collecting pipe (12) wrapped with the permeable geotextile around the bottom end of the salt separation layer (6) for a circle, and enabling the slope drop of the opening end (7) of the water collecting pipe (12) and the highest point of the water collecting pipe (12) to be 1% -2%;
C. burying a water storage tank (9) at a position which is close to an opening end (7) of a water collecting pipe (12) and lower than a salt isolation layer (6) outside a planting hole (14), connecting the water collecting pipe (12) with the water storage tank (9) by using a connecting pipe (8), and vertically arranging a drain pipe (10) with the upper end extending to the ground at the upper end of the water storage tank (9);
D. preparing a salt-controlling water-permeable module (3), arranging a first water-permeable hole with the diameter of 5mm on a PVC pipe with the diameter of 5-10 cm, and filling permeable bagged active carbon (4) or cationic resin into the PVC pipe to form the salt-controlling water-permeable module (3);
E. at least two inner and outer circles of salt control and water permeable modules (3) are inserted into the periphery of the planting hole (14), the two circles of salt control and water permeable modules (3) are arranged in a staggered mode, the distance between the same circle of salt control and water permeable modules (3) is about 20-25 cm, and foreign soil (2) is backfilled in the gap between the salt control and water permeable modules (3) for fixation;
F. the transplanted big tree (1) is moved into the planting hole (14), the foreign soil (2) is backfilled, a layer of bark or straw is covered on the surface layer of the foreign soil, then the conventional maintenance is carried out, and the salt control water permeable module (3) is taken out periodically for replacement.
2. The big tree planting method according to claim 1, wherein: the top end of the salt isolation layer (6) is 20-30 cm away from the original soil layer (11), and the gradient is 3 per mill.
3. The big tree planting method according to claim 1, wherein: the distance between the outer ring of the salt control water permeable module (3) and the soil ball boundary is 40cm, and the distance between the inner ring of the salt control water permeable module (3) and the outer ring of the salt control water permeable module (3) is 20 cm.
4. The big tree planting method according to claim 1, wherein: and a second water permeable hole (13) with the aperture of 2cm is formed in one side of the water collecting pipe (12) close to the salt separating layer (6).
5. The big tree planting method according to claim 1, wherein: and a layer of permeable geotextile is wrapped outside the salt control permeable module (3).
6. The big tree planting method according to claim 1, wherein: the water storage tank (9) is made of polypropylene.
7. The big tree planting method according to claim 1, wherein: the salt content in the backfill alien soil (2) is lower than 0.1 percent.
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