CN107544288B - Denitration optimization control method and system - Google Patents
Denitration optimization control method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of flue gas denitration, and provides a denitration optimization control method and a denitration optimization control system, which comprise the following steps: s1, acquiring combustion data of the boiler combustion system; s2, establishing a boiler combustion model according to the combustion data, and predicting the amount of nitrogen oxide generated in the future according to the boiler combustion model; s3, establishing an ammonia gas control model according to the nitrogen oxide amount, and predicting the ammonia spraying amount of a valve according to the ammonia gas control model; and S4, calculating and controlling the opening of the valve according to the ammonia injection amount. The invention avoids the influence of the measurement delay of the content of the nitrogen oxide on the control system, realizes the timeliness of denitration control, reduces the ammonia escape through the optimal ammonia consumption rate, and realizes the accurate control of the outlet nitrogen oxide.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of flue gas denitration, and particularly relates to a denitration optimization control method and a denitration optimization control system.
Background
The existing denitration control is also based on PID control, for an ammonia supply automatic regulation model, a denitration efficiency is generally preset, then a CEMS instrument is used for measuring the concentration of NOx at the inlet of an SCR reactor, the required flow of ammonia gas is obtained through calculation, the required flow of ammonia gas is compared with the concentration of NOx at the outlet of the SCR reactor measured by the CEMS instrument, and then an ammonia supply regulation valve is controlled through a PI regulation device. This way of adjustment presents the following problems:
(1) the flue gas flow value according to the adjustment calculation is converted by the total air volume of the boiler (non-measured data), and the flue gas is considered to be uniformly distributed and enter the reactors at two sides (actually, the flue gas volume in the reactors at two sides cannot be uniformly divided), and the deviation of the two points causes the theoretical calculation to be out of alignment to a certain extent, so that the automatic adjustment is directly influenced.
(2) The NOx concentrations of the inlet and the outlet of the SCR reactor according to the adjustment calculation are actually measured values of a CEMS instrument, certain hysteresis (5-10 min of delay) exists in data acquisition, and certain errors exist in measurement of the CEMS instrument, so that the automatic adjustment is influenced to a certain extent.
(3) The flue gas velocity distribution in the SCR reactor is not uniform, so that the sampling point of the CEMS instrument is not necessarily representative, and certain influence is also caused on automatic adjustment.
(4) When the boiler combustion fluctuation is large, the PID control cannot suppress the large fluctuation of the outlet nitrogen oxides.
Thus the existing PID control: denitration control is severely delayed and causes severe NOx fluctuations that result in ammonia slip effects.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the problems, the denitration optimization control method and the denitration optimization control system avoid the influence of the measurement delay of the content of the nitrogen oxide on the control system, realize the timeliness of denitration control, reduce the ammonia escape through the optimal ammonia consumption rate and realize the accurate control of the outlet nitrogen oxide.
The invention relates to a denitration optimization control method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring combustion data of the boiler combustion system;
s2, establishing a boiler combustion model according to the combustion data, and predicting the amount of nitrogen oxide generated in the future according to the boiler combustion model;
s3, establishing an ammonia gas control model according to the nitrogen oxide amount, and predicting the ammonia spraying amount of a valve according to the ammonia gas control model;
and S4, calculating and controlling the opening of the valve according to the ammonia injection amount.
Preferably, the step S2 further includes measuring an inlet nox concentration by a CEMS meter and feeding back the inlet nox concentration to the boiler combustion model, modifying the boiler combustion model, verifying and modifying the prediction result of the soft measurement by using the hard measurement result, and recursively deriving a more accurate and timely soft measurement prediction result.
Preferably, the step S3 further includes measuring the concentration of the outlet nitrogen oxide by a CEMS instrument and feeding back the concentration of the outlet nitrogen oxide to the ammonia gas control model, and correcting the ammonia gas control model, so as to improve the accuracy of prediction and the accuracy of denitration control.
Preferably, the ammonia gas control model is established based on an optimal ammonia consumption rate area, so that the concentration of the outlet nitrogen oxides is accurately controlled, and the optimal ammonia consumption rate area is obtained by analyzing and calculating the ammonia consumption rate.
Preferably, the ammonia rate is k (inlet nitrogen oxide concentration-outlet nitrogen oxide concentration) x boiler smoke volume/ammonia gas flow, where k is the ammonia/nitrogen oxide molar ratio; and the ammonia consumption rate is the ratio of the chemical reaction consumption of the ammonia gas in the reactor to the total ammonia gas injection amount, the optimal ammonia consumption rate area is obtained through analysis and calculation of the ammonia consumption rate, and when the ammonia consumption rate is located in the optimal ammonia consumption rate area, the ammonia escape is the lowest.
Preferably, the valves comprise a left side valve and a right side valve, and the ammonia consumption rate comprises a left side ammonia consumption rate and a right side ammonia consumption rate;
and predicting the ammonia injection amount of the ammonia supply valve in the S3 comprises predicting the ammonia injection amount of the left valve and the ammonia injection amount of the right valve, and by analyzing and proportioning the ammonia injection amount of the left valve and the ammonia injection amount of the right valve, the balance of the left ammonia consumption rate and the right ammonia consumption rate is realized, and the ammonia escape rate is reduced.
Preferably, the boiler combustion model and the ammonia gas control model are both corrected by adopting a genetic algorithm, and the model is continuously close to an actual system by continuously evolving the model through the genetic algorithm, so that the accuracy of the model is realized.
A denitration optimization control system, comprising:
the data input module is used for acquiring combustion data of a boiler combustion system;
the boiler combustion model module is used for establishing a boiler combustion model according to the combustion data and predicting the amount of nitrogen oxide generated in the future according to the boiler combustion model;
the ammonia gas control model module is used for establishing an ammonia gas control model according to the nitrogen oxide amount and predicting the ammonia spraying amount of an ammonia supply valve according to the ammonia gas control model;
and the control output module is used for calculating and controlling the opening of the ammonia injection valve according to the ammonia injection amount.
According to the scheme, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the influence of the measurement delay of the content of the nitrogen oxide on a control system is avoided, the timeliness of denitration control is realized, the ammonia escape is reduced through the optimal ammonia consumption rate, and the accurate control of the outlet nitrogen oxide is realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings, which are needed in the detailed description or the prior art.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a denitration optimization control method according to the present embodiment;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the denitration optimization control system in this embodiment.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are given solely for the purpose of illustrating the products of the invention more clearly and are therefore to be considered as examples only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example (b):
the embodiment of the invention provides a denitration optimization control method, which comprises the following steps of:
s1, acquiring combustion data of the boiler combustion system;
s2, establishing a boiler combustion model according to the combustion data, and predicting the amount of nitrogen oxide generated in the future according to the boiler combustion model; and measuring the concentration of the nitrogen oxide at the inlet through a CEMS instrument, feeding the concentration of the nitrogen oxide at the inlet back to the boiler combustion model, correcting the boiler combustion model, verifying and correcting the prediction result of the soft measurement by using the hard measurement result, and recursing a more accurate and timely soft measurement prediction result.
S3, establishing an ammonia gas control model according to the nitrogen oxide amount, and predicting the ammonia spraying amount of a valve according to the ammonia gas control model; the concentration of the outlet nitrogen oxide is measured by a CEMS instrument and fed back to the ammonia gas control model, and the ammonia gas control model is corrected, so that the prediction precision and the denitration control accuracy are improved.
And S4, calculating and controlling the opening of the valve according to the ammonia injection amount.
In the embodiment, the boiler combustion model and the ammonia gas control model are modified by adopting a genetic algorithm, and the model is continuously evolved by the genetic algorithm, so that the model is continuously close to an actual system, and the accuracy of the model is realized.
In the embodiment, the combustion data comprises coal feeding amount, boiler evaporation amount, primary air amount, oxygen amount and the like, a boiler combustion model is established through the data, future variation of nitrogen oxides is judged, and the opening of an ammonia injection valve of a denitration system is controlled in advance according to the future variation of the nitrogen oxides, so that the problem of delay in measurement of the nitrogen oxides is avoided.
The present embodiment continuously compares and corrects the actual output and the model output by a genetic algorithm to achieve a tracking reference value. A rolling strategy is adopted, long-distance optimization is regarded as continuous rolling of short-term optimization, and global optimization is realized on the basis of local optimization; by utilizing feedback correction, the uncertain problems of system interference and the like are solved, the optimization of denitration control is realized, and the problems of delay of CEMS instrument measurement and denitration control disturbance caused by boiler combustion turbulence are solved.
The ammonia gas control model in the step S3 is established based on an optimal ammonia consumption rate area, so that the concentration of the outlet nitrogen oxides is accurately controlled, and the optimal ammonia consumption rate area is obtained through analysis and calculation of the ammonia consumption rate. The ammonia consumption rate is k (inlet nitrogen oxide concentration-outlet nitrogen oxide concentration) x boiler smoke volume/ammonia gas flow, and k is the ammonia/nitrogen oxide molar ratio; and the ammonia consumption rate is the ratio of the chemical reaction consumption of the ammonia gas in the reactor to the total ammonia gas injection amount, the optimal ammonia consumption rate area is obtained through analysis and calculation of the ammonia consumption rate, and when the ammonia consumption rate is located in the optimal ammonia consumption rate area, the ammonia escape is the lowest.
The ammonia consumption rate comprises a left side ammonia consumption rate and a right side ammonia consumption rate, the valve in the S3 comprises a left side valve and a right side valve, the ammonia spraying amount of the ammonia supply valve in the S3 is predicted to comprise the ammonia spraying amount of the left side valve and the ammonia spraying amount of the right side valve, and the left side ammonia consumption rate and the right side ammonia consumption rate are balanced and the ammonia escape rate is reduced by analyzing and proportioning the ammonia spraying amount of the left side valve and the ammonia spraying amount of the right side valve.
As shown in fig. 2, a denitration optimization control system based on the foregoing method includes:
the data input module is used for acquiring combustion data of a boiler combustion system;
the boiler combustion model module is used for establishing a boiler combustion model according to the combustion data and predicting the amount of nitrogen oxide generated in the future according to the boiler combustion model;
the ammonia gas control model module is used for establishing an ammonia gas control model according to the nitrogen oxide amount and predicting the ammonia spraying amount of an ammonia supply valve according to the ammonia gas control model;
and the control output module is used for calculating and controlling the opening of the ammonia injection valve according to the ammonia injection amount.
The control system applied to denitration in the embodiment utilizes the original DCS control system, improves the operation reliability of the system, reduces the equipment investment, and is convenient for field implementation. In the implementation, according to the accurate control of the system, a higher and reasonable denitration rate of the reactor is obtained, and the NOx emission amount at a denitration outlet is lower than 50 mg/m; the NOx emission concentration at the outlet of the reactor is stable, and the variation range of the NOx at the outlet of the environmental protection denitration is less than 10 +/-mg/m when the load of the boiler is not changed greatly; the variation amplitude of the denitration outlet environment-friendly NOX is smaller than 15 +/-mg/m when the coal mill is started or stopped and the AGC mode is started or stopped; eliminating the deviation of the environment-friendly nitrogen oxide concentration measuring point and the nitrogen oxide concentration measuring point at the outlet of the reactor in time; the ammonia escape amount is controlled and stably reduced, so that the blockage of an air preheater and the pollution to the atmosphere caused by ammonia crystallization are reduced; the consumption of denitrified ammonia is reduced, and the denitration economy is improved; after the denitration system is optimized and controlled, the environmental protection nitrogen oxide detection concentration fluctuation is reduced by about 50% compared with the original control system index when the boiler load fluctuation is more than 25%.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments are still modified, or some or all of the technical features are equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included in the following claims and description.
Claims (4)
1. A denitration optimization control method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, acquiring combustion data of the boiler combustion system;
s2, establishing a boiler combustion model according to the combustion data, and predicting the amount of nitrogen oxide generated in the future according to the boiler combustion model;
s3, establishing an ammonia gas control model according to the nitrogen oxide amount, and predicting the ammonia spraying amount of a valve according to the ammonia gas control model;
s4, calculating and controlling the opening of the valve according to the ammonia spraying amount;
the step S2 further comprises the steps of measuring the concentration of the nitrogen oxide at the inlet through a CEMS instrument, feeding the concentration of the nitrogen oxide at the inlet back to the boiler combustion model, correcting the boiler combustion model, verifying and correcting the prediction result of the soft measurement by using the hard measurement result, and recursing a more accurate and timely soft measurement prediction result;
the step S3 also comprises the steps of measuring the concentration of the outlet nitrogen oxide through a CMES instrument, feeding the concentration of the outlet nitrogen oxide back to the ammonia gas control model, and correcting the ammonia gas control model, so that the prediction precision and the denitration control accuracy are improved;
the ammonia gas control model is established based on an optimal ammonia consumption rate area, so that the concentration of the outlet nitric oxide is accurately controlled, and the optimal ammonia consumption rate area is obtained by analyzing and calculating the ammonia consumption rate;
the ammonia consumption rate is k (inlet nitrogen oxide concentration-outlet nitrogen oxide concentration) x boiler smoke volume/ammonia gas flow, and k is the ammonia/nitrogen oxide molar ratio; and the ammonia consumption rate is the ratio of the chemical reaction consumption of the ammonia gas in the reactor to the total ammonia gas injection amount, the optimal ammonia consumption rate area is obtained through analysis and calculation of the ammonia consumption rate, and when the ammonia consumption rate is located in the optimal ammonia consumption rate area, the ammonia escape is the lowest.
2. The denitration optimization control method of claim 1, wherein the valves comprise a left side valve and a right side valve, and the ammonia consumption rate comprises a left side ammonia consumption rate and a right side ammonia consumption rate;
and predicting the ammonia injection amount of the ammonia supply valve in the S3 comprises predicting the ammonia injection amount of the left valve and the ammonia injection amount of the right valve, and by analyzing and proportioning the ammonia injection amount of the left valve and the ammonia injection amount of the right valve, the balance of the left ammonia consumption rate and the right ammonia consumption rate is realized, and the ammonia escape rate is reduced.
3. The denitration optimization control method according to claim 1, wherein the boiler combustion model and the ammonia gas control model are both modified by a genetic algorithm, and the genetic algorithm is used for continuously evolving the model to enable the model to be continuously close to an actual system, so that the model is accurate.
4. A denitration optimization control system according to the method of claim 1, comprising:
the data input module is used for acquiring combustion data of a boiler combustion system;
the boiler combustion model module is used for establishing a boiler combustion model according to the combustion data and predicting the amount of nitrogen oxide generated in the future according to the boiler combustion model;
the ammonia gas control model module is used for establishing an ammonia gas control model according to the nitrogen oxide amount and predicting the ammonia spraying amount of an ammonia supply valve according to the ammonia gas control model;
and the control output module is used for calculating and controlling the opening of the ammonia injection valve according to the ammonia injection amount.
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| CN108680704A (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2018-10-19 | 华北电力科学研究院有限责任公司 | The equal values determination method of SCR denitration device the escaping of ammonia based on ammonium hydroxide reducing agent and system |
| CN108664006A (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2018-10-16 | 大唐环境产业集团股份有限公司 | It is a kind of that ammonia optimization method and system are intelligently sprayed based on the SCR denitration of zonal control and Dynamic matrix control |
| CN108837699A (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2018-11-20 | 大唐环境产业集团股份有限公司 | It is a kind of that ammonia optimization method and system are intelligently sprayed based on the SCR denitration of hard measurement and PREDICTIVE CONTROL |
| CN108837698A (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2018-11-20 | 大唐环境产业集团股份有限公司 | Based on advanced measuring instrumentss and the SCR denitration of advanced control algorithm spray ammonia optimization method and system |
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