CN101609166B - Method for measuring near surface structure of water area - Google Patents
Method for measuring near surface structure of water area Download PDFInfo
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- CN101609166B CN101609166B CN2008101152152A CN200810115215A CN101609166B CN 101609166 B CN101609166 B CN 101609166B CN 2008101152152 A CN2008101152152 A CN 2008101152152A CN 200810115215 A CN200810115215 A CN 200810115215A CN 101609166 B CN101609166 B CN 101609166B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a measurement method for a near surface structure of a water area by utilizing an artificial method to produce seismic wave, which comprises the steps of: drilling and logging on a ship or a waterborne drilling platform; sinking detonators into a well through an excitation cable, detonating the detonators according to a sequence from deep positions to shallow positions, and receiving seismic data; selecting a receiving channel with a well detection distance within the range of between 2 and 6 meters to convert the first arrival time to vertical time; drawing the vertical time and corresponding depth into a time-depth coordinate system; allocating the positions of various layers according to the linear slopes corresponding to different velocity layers; using a least square method to fit a line in each layer; taking reciprocals of the linear slopes as formation velocities; taking an intersection point of two lines as a formation interface; and obtaining the formation velocities and thicknesses of the near surface structure. The method can accurately measure the near-surface velocity and thickness of the water area, and has convenient operation and accurate data.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to geophysical exploration technology, is that a kind of manual method of utilizing produces the measuring method of seismic event near surface structure of water area.
Background technology
Oil seismic exploration is to utilize manual method to produce seismic event, by the propagation condition of research seismic event in subterranean strata, and prospecting subsurface geological structure and formation variations, a kind of geophysical exploration method of searching oil gas field.Seismic data acquisition is first link of petroleum prospecting, is the basis that guarantees data quality, and this link is most important.Owing to have the very low stratal configuration of a kind of speed near surface, seismic wave energy there is strong absorption and produces scattering and noise, and make seismic event by it the time, spend more time, thereby cause its travel-time behind the reflection wave outgoing ground, shape and path curve to produce distortion, thereby influence the accurate recording of seismic event, influence seismic data and be processed into picture and correct interpretation.Therefore, must eliminate the seismic event time difference distortion effects that near surface structure causes, obtain to reflect the seismic section of underground truth, effectively instruct oil-gas exploration.
Measuring technique and the method for determining the land near surface structure at present have a lot, as little refraction, micro logging, geology appear, more than ten kind of earthquake and non-seismic method such as ground penetrating radar, ground roll exploration, electromagnetic method, these methods mainly are to calculate the time that seismic event passes near surface by setting up skin depth and rate pattern, thereby eliminate the influence of surface structure to seismic event.
Owing to be subjected to several meters to tens meters dark water surface restrictions such as lake, river, land near surface structure measuring technique and method commonly used often can't be implemented, the sonar technique energy measurement depth of water only under water, can not measure the formation velocity and the thickness of water-bed following near surface, also contentedly seismic exploration to the accuracy requirement of near surface structure.At present also do not have a kind of measuring technique and the method that can accurately determine near surface structure of water area, be used to eliminate the distortion effects of surface structure, and the seismic data quality of gathering is carried out effective monitoring seismic event.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of measuring method of accurate, reasonable, feasible near surface structure of water area.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions, and concrete steps are:
1, at ship or overwater drilling platform well drilling, the top layer lithology information of admission different depth;
2, sleeve pipe is fixed on water-bed pithead position;
Effective PVC sleeve pipe of the described cover of step 2 or steel pipe.
3, by exciting cable sinking detonator in well;
The step 3 sinking detonator degree of depth is 20-40 rice under water, and each shot point 2-3 sends out detonator, spacing 1-3 rice.
4,,, receive the acquisition and recording that detonator excites with refraction instrument tie geophone at bottom plant wave detector.
The described refraction instrument of step 4 is with R24 or NZ-XP refractometer.
The described wave detector of step 4 adopts 6-12, apart from well head 1-6 rice, adopt fan-shaped or square by equidistantly putting.
5, by being deep to shallow sequential blasting detonator, receive seismic data;
6, adopt usual method to carry out data processing, choose the well inspection and carry out first break time apart from the reception channel of 2-6 rice scope and be converted to vertical time;
The formula of step 6 conversion vertical time is as follows:
In the formula: T
0iBe the vertical time that i is ordered, t
iBe the first break time that i is ordered, H
iBe the degree of depth of shot point i, d is a well inspection distance.
7, vertical time and the corresponding degree of depth are painted on time-depth coordinate system in, mark off the position of each layer according to the straight slope of friction speed layer correspondence, each layer least square fitting straight line, the inverse of straight slope is a formation velocity, the intersection point of two straight lines is a strata interface, obtain the formation velocity and the thickness of near surface structure, obtain near surface structure of water area after the processing.
The present invention can accurately measure waters district near-surface velocity and thickness, calculate seismic event travel-time in the top layer, effectively eliminate seismic event time difference distortion effects, have the characteristics that operation is convenient, data are accurate, effect is good simultaneously, for appropriate design shooting parameter, effective monitoring data quality provide scientific basis, farthest guarantee the earthquake-capturing data quality.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a micro logging recording geometry synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 micro logging is explained synoptic diagram;
Fig. 3 micro logging time-depth curve figure;
Fig. 4 micro logging acquisition and recording;
Fig. 5 is embodiment of the invention earthquake processing profiles figure.
Embodiment
The specific embodiment of the invention is as follows:
1, at ship or overwater drilling platform well drilling, the top layer lithology information of admission different depth.
2, sleeve pipe is fixed on water-bed pithead position.
3, by exciting cable by recording geometry designing requirement sinking detonator in well.
4, press recording geometry designing requirement plant wave detector at the bottom, wave detector is connected to the refraction instrument.
5,, gather and receive seismic data by being deep to shallow sequential blasting detonator.
Recording geometry as shown in Figure 1, the shot point spacing is a 1-3 rice, each shot point adopts 2-3 to send out detonator, the acceptance point spacing is a 1-6 rice, one wave detector of each acceptance point.
6, adopt usual method to carry out data processing, first break time by formula is converted to the well head vertical time.
Data processing principle and method as shown in Figure 2, conversion formula is as follows:
In the formula: T
0iBe the vertical time that i is ordered, t
iBe the first break time that i is ordered, H
iBe the degree of depth of shot point i, d is a well inspection distance.
7. vertical time and the corresponding degree of depth are painted on time-depth coordinate system in, mark off the position of each layer according to the straight slope of friction speed layer correspondence, each layer least square fitting straight line, the inverse of straight slope is a formation velocity, the intersection point of two straight lines is a strata interface, obtain the formation velocity and the thickness of near surface structure, obtain near surface structure of water area after the processing.
The time-depth chart example can obtain near surface and be divided into three-decker as shown in Figure 3, and formation velocity is respectively 657m/s, 1012m/s and 1845m/s, and low reduction of speed layer thickness is respectively 9.7m and 4.2m.
8, utilization top layer lithology dynamic characteristic is analyzed the characteristics such as seismic waveshape, amplitude, frequency and energy that different lithology excites, and determines good lithology and the well depth of exciting.
Accompanying drawing 4 is near surface structure acquisition and recordings, and transverse axis represents to excite document number, and the longitudinal axis is represented first break time.Can learn that from seismic wave characteristic 14-11 document number waveform stabilization, energy are strong, frequency is higher, this section lithology is the good stratum that excites.
Accompanying drawing 5 is certain waters district earthquake processing profiles, analyzes the formation lithology dynamic characteristic according to the near surface structure parameter, and appropriate design excites lithology and well depth, has obtained the earthquake processing profiles of high-quality.
Claims (5)
1. the measuring method of a near surface structure of water area is characterized in that realizing by following concrete steps:
1) at ship or overwater drilling platform well drilling, the top layer lithology information of admission different depth;
2) sleeve pipe is fixed on water-bed pithead position;
3) by exciting cable sinking detonator in well;
4),, receive the acquisition and recording that detonator excites with refraction instrument tie geophone at bottom plant wave detector;
5) by being deep to shallow sequential blasting detonator, receive seismic data;
6) adopt usual method to carry out data processing, choose the well inspection and first break time is converted to vertical time apart from the reception channel of 2-6 rice scope;
The formula of conversion vertical time is as follows:
In the formula: T
0iBe the vertical time that i is ordered, t
iBe the first break time that i is ordered, H
iBe the degree of depth of shot point i, d is a well inspection distance;
7) vertical time and the corresponding degree of depth are painted on time-depth coordinate system in, mark off the position of each layer according to the straight slope of friction speed layer correspondence, each layer least square fitting straight line, the inverse of straight slope is a formation velocity, the intersection point of two straight lines is a strata interface, obtain the formation velocity and the thickness of near surface structure, obtain near surface structure of water area after the processing.
2. the measuring method of near surface structure of water area according to claim 1 is characterized in that effective PVC sleeve pipe of the described cover of step 2 or steel pipe.
3. the measuring method of near surface structure of water area according to claim 1 is characterized in that the step 3 sinking detonator degree of depth is 20-40 rice under water, and each shot point 2-3 sends out detonator, spacing 1-3 rice.
4. the measuring method of near surface structure of water area according to claim 1 is characterized in that the described refraction instrument of step 4 is with R24 or NZ-XP refractometer.
5. the measuring method of near surface structure of water area according to claim 1 is characterized in that the described wave detector of step 4 adopts 6-12, apart from well head 1-6 rice, adopt fan-shaped or square by equidistantly putting.
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| CN2008101152152A CN101609166B (en) | 2008-06-19 | 2008-06-19 | Method for measuring near surface structure of water area |
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| CN101609166B true CN101609166B (en) | 2011-05-25 |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104375187B (en) * | 2013-08-15 | 2017-05-03 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method for designing cannon well depths based on microlog and non-seismic data |
| CN105137476B (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2016-09-21 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of many ripples micro logging excitation apparatus and method |
| CN105259578B (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2017-08-25 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司地球物理勘探公司 | Formation velocity based on vertical seismic profile data determines method |
| CN113109870B (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2023-06-06 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | High-precision shallow stratum speed acquisition method |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6147929A (en) * | 1998-03-03 | 2000-11-14 | Gas Research Institute | Method for predicting continuous and discontinuous waveguide targets using interwell seismic signature characteristics |
| CN1888933A (en) * | 2005-06-28 | 2007-01-03 | 中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司 | Transversal wave or conversion transversal wave exploration near-earth surface structure survey method |
| CN1904643A (en) * | 2005-07-26 | 2007-01-31 | 中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司 | Observation method of between well earthquake excitation and reception interchange reflection wave |
| CN101071175A (en) * | 2006-05-11 | 2007-11-14 | 中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司 | Zero hypocentral distance vertical seismic section compressional-shear wave data depth field corridor stacked section processing method |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6147929A (en) * | 1998-03-03 | 2000-11-14 | Gas Research Institute | Method for predicting continuous and discontinuous waveguide targets using interwell seismic signature characteristics |
| CN1888933A (en) * | 2005-06-28 | 2007-01-03 | 中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司 | Transversal wave or conversion transversal wave exploration near-earth surface structure survey method |
| CN1904643A (en) * | 2005-07-26 | 2007-01-31 | 中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司 | Observation method of between well earthquake excitation and reception interchange reflection wave |
| CN101071175A (en) * | 2006-05-11 | 2007-11-14 | 中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司 | Zero hypocentral distance vertical seismic section compressional-shear wave data depth field corridor stacked section processing method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 蔡希玲等.近地表信息的获取及在地震数据处理中的应用.《勘探地球物理进展》.2007,第30卷(第5期),期刊第321-329页. * |
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