CN1075187A - 检测往复式机械中轴承咬死的装置 - Google Patents

检测往复式机械中轴承咬死的装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1075187A
CN1075187A CN92113006A CN92113006A CN1075187A CN 1075187 A CN1075187 A CN 1075187A CN 92113006 A CN92113006 A CN 92113006A CN 92113006 A CN92113006 A CN 92113006A CN 1075187 A CN1075187 A CN 1075187A
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China
Prior art keywords
bearing
test bearing
mentioned
rotating shaft
test
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CN92113006A
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皮埃尔·布斯埃乌
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S·E·M·T·皮尔斯蒂克股份有限公司
MAN Energy Solutions France SAS
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SEMT Pielstick SA
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Publication of CN1075187A publication Critical patent/CN1075187A/zh
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
    • F01M1/18—Indicating or safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C17/12—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement characterised by features not related to the direction of the load
    • F16C17/20—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement characterised by features not related to the direction of the load with emergency supports or bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C17/12—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement characterised by features not related to the direction of the load
    • F16C17/24—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement characterised by features not related to the direction of the load with devices affected by abnormal or undesired positions, e.g. for preventing overheating, for safety
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16N—LUBRICATING
    • F16N29/00—Special means in lubricating arrangements or systems providing for the indication or detection of undesired conditions; Use of devices responsive to conditions in lubricating arrangements or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2233/00—Monitoring condition, e.g. temperature, load, vibration

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Testing Of Engines (AREA)
  • Stereophonic System (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Lubrication Details And Ventilation Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)

Abstract

检测把曲轴连结到连杆或把曲轴连结到往复式 机(1)体的滑动轴承润滑情况恶化的装置，润滑是由 油循环提供，该装置包括检测“咬死”现象的机构。该 装置的特征在于它有一作为测试轴承(16)的附加轴 承，上述测试轴承由用于其它轴承上相同的油进行循 环润滑且支撑一受径向负载的转轴，上述检测机构装 到测试轴承上，该检测机构还包括使它比其它轴承对 润滑情况恶化更敏感的机构。

Description

本发明与检测往复式机械中轴承润滑情况变坏的装置有关，尤其是与检测曲轴连到连杆或曲轴连到内燃机体的滑动轴承的润滑情况恶化的装置有关。
内燃机的滑动轴承是在压力、温度、可能的杂质颗粒以及水分的条件下加油进行润滑，这些都需在运行时加以监视。
其中上述这些参数中一个或几个参数不定时的恶化会引起正常情况下使轴承和其轴瓦所分开的油膜消失。于是在发动机中存在压力和相对速度的条件下，造成金属与金属接触，结果产生轴承和轴瓦的金属在局部会咬在一起的情况。在一段时间（这取决于油膜减薄的程度）后，这会对轴承产生称为咬死的永久的损坏。
已知有各种装置可向发动机操作人员作出预报，轴承的咬死现象正在开始。这可在轴瓦或其附近装一温度传感器，但很难装在一大轴端的轴承上。轴瓦的温度突然且迅速增高说明部件间因不正常摩擦接触而加热，这种温升会导致轴承“咬死”。
这些公知的监视内燃机轴承的装置的缺点在于因为在察觉之前轴承的咬“死”已经开始故而难以予防，这些装置仅仅是使发动机操作人员迅速反应来减小发生轴承咬死的损坏程度。
根据本发明，借助一装置来弥补上述缺陷，该装置可真正予先检测一往复式机械中轴承咬死的情况，特别是予先察觉内燃机内轴承中的上述情况。
本发明提供用于在工作中检测往复式机械内把曲轴连到连杆或把曲轴连到机体的滑动轴承内润滑情况的恶化，而润滑是由油循环提供，该装置还包括检测“咬死”现象的机构，本发明装置的特征在于它有一充当测试轴承的附加轴承，上述测试轴承由用于其它轴承上相同的油进行循环润滑且支撑一受径向负载的转轴，上述检测机构装到测试轴承，当然该检测机构还包括使它比其它轴承对润滑情况恶化更敏感的机构。
依照本发明的一最佳实施例，本装置的特征在于使测试轴承更敏感的机构是转轴面与测试轴承面之间的相对切向速度大于或等于各所监视的轴承内存在的速度，其中上述转轴和上述参照轴承之间的相对间隙大于或等于各所监视的轴承内存在的相对间隙，其中在测试轴承上转轴的设计油压要小于或等于各所监视的轴承内的相应油压。
最好，测试轴承及其转轴可位于所监视的轴承同一机壳内，且测试轴承上的转轴也由往复式机械来驱动。
测试轴承及其转轴也可位于含有所监视的轴承之机壳外面，测试轴承的转轴也可由一不同于往复式机械的机器来驱动。
加到测试轴承上的径向负载可以是在方向、强度上保持不变，与往复式机械的负载无关。
加到测试轴承上的径向负载变化，也可以作为往复式机械上负载的直接函数进行变化。
它的好处在于由检测机构传出的信号可与参照值进行比较，为的是一旦检测机构传出的信号达到参照值时，发出一警报信号。
检测机构还可有一温度传感器。
为了更好理解本发明，通过一非限制性的实例且参照唯一的附图，阅读了此实例的说明就可更清楚本发明其它优点和特点，此附图是一装有本发明检测装置的内燃机的一方块示意图。
附图表明此处的往复式机械为一内燃机，测试轴承及其转轴位于含有所监视的轴承的机壳外面。
内燃机1的滑动轴承由一油流来润滑，油在机外处理，输送管2，3，4和5用作机外循环油流，油从发动机的集油槽6抽出。通过一冷油器7，再通过一油泵8进入一滤油器9后，再喷入发动机1的滑动轴承，该示意图组成了一内燃机滑动轴承的正常润滑油路图。
一有管路10和11的分油路设置在上述正常润滑油路上，该分油路连在发动机1的进油入口和油出口之间。当必要时，该分油路可借助阀12和13与正常油路隔开。
一辅助发动机14驱动一由测试轴承16所支撑的转轴15，该测试轴承由经正常润滑油路处理且流过分油路的油流进行润滑。
因为测试轴承对已恶化的润滑情况比其它轴承更敏感，该测试轴承给出了提防警告，予示发动机轴承“咬死”的情况可能会出现。
一般情况，测试轴承可装有一检测所监视的轴承咬死现象的***，也就是该***有一温度传感器传递一与参照值相比较的信号，每当温度传感器传递的信号达到参照值时就发出一警报信号。

Claims (8)

1、检测把曲轴连结到连杆或把曲轴连结到往复式机(1)体的滑动轴承润滑情况恶化的装置，润滑是由油循环提供，该装置包括检测“咬死”现象的机构，该装置的特征在于它有一作为测试轴承(16)的附加轴承，上述测试轴承由用于其它轴承上相同的油进行循环润滑且支撑一受径向负载的转轴(15)，上述检测机构装到测试轴承，该检测机构还包括使它比其它轴承对润滑情况恶化更敏感的机构。
2、根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于使测试轴承更敏感的机构是上述转轴面与上述测试轴承面之间的相对切向速度大于或等于各所监视的轴承内存在的速度，其中上述轴（15）和上述参照轴承（16）之间的相对间隙大于或等于各所监视的轴承内存在的相对间隙，其中在测试轴承上转轴的设计油压要小于或等于各所监视的轴承内相应油压。
3、根据权利要求1或2所述的装置，其特征在于测试轴承和其转轴位于所监视的轴承同一机壳内，测试轴承的轴由往复式机械驱动。
4、根据权利要求1或2所述的装置，其特征在于测试轴承（16）及其转轴（15）都位于含有所监视的轴承之发动机（1）的机壳外面，测试轴承的转轴可由一不同于往复式机械的机器（14）驱动。
5、根据权利要求1至4中任何一项所述的装置，其特征在于加到测试轴承上的径向负载，在方向、强度上保持不变，与加在往复式机械的负载无关。
6、根据权利要求1至4中任何一项所述的装置，其特征在于加到测试轴承的径向负载变化，该径向负载是往复式机械上负载的一直接函数。
7、根据权利要求1至6中任何一项所述的装置，其特征在于检测机构传出的信号与参照值相比较，一旦检测机构传出的信号达到参照值时，发出一警报信号。
8、根据上述任何一项权利要求所述的装置，其特征在于该检测机构有一温度传感器。
CN92113006A 1991-11-14 1992-11-13 检测往复式机械中轴承咬死的装置 Pending CN1075187A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR9114006A FR2683853B1 (fr) 1991-11-14 1991-11-14 Dispositif de detection des conditions de grippage des paliers d'une machine alternative.
FR9114006 1991-11-14

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US (1) US5275258A (zh)
EP (1) EP0542167B1 (zh)
JP (1) JPH05202935A (zh)
KR (1) KR930010353A (zh)
CN (1) CN1075187A (zh)
AT (1) ATE127881T1 (zh)
DE (1) DE69204799T2 (zh)
DK (1) DK0542167T3 (zh)
FI (1) FI925121A (zh)
FR (1) FR2683853B1 (zh)

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JP3447782B2 (ja) * 1993-01-19 2003-09-16 トヨタ自動車株式会社 内燃機関の潤滑装置
US6324899B1 (en) * 1998-04-02 2001-12-04 Reliance Electric Technologies, Llc Bearing-sensor integration for a lubrication analysis system
US7134323B1 (en) 1998-04-02 2006-11-14 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. System and method for dynamic lubrication adjustment for a lubrication analysis system
US6546785B1 (en) * 1998-04-02 2003-04-15 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. System and method for dynamic lubrication adjustment for a lubrication analysis system
US6023961A (en) 1998-04-02 2000-02-15 Reliance Electric Industrial Company Micro-viscosity sensor and lubrication analysis system employing the same
US6470735B1 (en) * 2000-02-22 2002-10-29 Meritor Heavy Vehicle Systems, Llc Simple driveline condition sensing system
AT412811B (de) * 2001-09-19 2005-07-25 Miba Gleitlager Gmbh Verfahren zum überwachen von gleitlagern, insbesondere einer kolbenmaschine
US6857306B2 (en) * 2002-05-17 2005-02-22 Joachim Domeier Four-ball wear and friction test apparatus
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FR3060071B1 (fr) * 2016-12-09 2020-01-10 Renault S.A.S Procede de controle en fatigue des coussinets
US20240077073A1 (en) * 2022-09-01 2024-03-07 EKU Power Drives Inc. Reservoir for dual loop lubrication and thermal management system for pumps

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US5275258A (en) 1994-01-04
JPH05202935A (ja) 1993-08-10
FI925121A0 (fi) 1992-11-11
DK0542167T3 (da) 1996-01-08
FR2683853A1 (fr) 1993-05-21
DE69204799D1 (de) 1995-10-19
FR2683853B1 (fr) 1993-12-31
ATE127881T1 (de) 1995-09-15
FI925121A (fi) 1993-05-15
KR930010353A (ko) 1993-06-22
EP0542167B1 (fr) 1995-09-13
DE69204799T2 (de) 1996-02-22
EP0542167A1 (fr) 1993-05-19

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