CN107508490B - A kind of piezoelectric vibration energy extraction circuit - Google Patents
A kind of piezoelectric vibration energy extraction circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN107508490B CN107508490B CN201710613445.0A CN201710613445A CN107508490B CN 107508490 B CN107508490 B CN 107508490B CN 201710613445 A CN201710613445 A CN 201710613445A CN 107508490 B CN107508490 B CN 107508490B
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- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title description 12
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 5
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
- H02N2/186—Vibration harvesters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy
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Abstract
Piezoelectric vibration energy provided by the invention extracts circuit and utilizes capacitor C in circuit control moduleHPWith resistance RHPThe failing edge that the passive high three-way filter of composition captures or door generates, successfully obtain the zero crossing of piezoelectric energy collector electric current, the closure of control switch module, shorten the discharge time of piezoelectric energy collector inner clip capacitor, increase charging time of the piezoelectric energy collector to energy-storage module, so as to collect more piezoelectric energies;And by adjusting capacitor CHPCapacitance and resistance RHPResistance value carry out the closing time of control switch module, adapt to the working characteristics of different piezoelectric energy collectors, also, the circuit is free of inductance element, be suitable for CMOS integrated circuit, and auxiliary circuit device is less, power consumption is lower.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to piezoelectric energies to extract field, extracts electricity more particularly, to a kind of efficient piezoelectric vibration energy
Road.
Background technique
In recent years, the development of wireless sensor and wireless communication network node obtains great concern, and has become one
Big research hotspot.Wireless sensor is widely portable to building safety detection with wireless communication network node, environmental Kuznets Curves are surveyed
It examines, the scenes such as smart home, animal locating and tracking.But as the quantity rapid growth and size of node device gradually become
Small and inserting knot position distribution is dispersed further, and node power is gradually shown using this conventional technique scheme of chemical cell
Its limitation and shortcoming.Since the service life of chemical cell is limited, and need that charging is repeated, therefore to battery
Battery is charged or replaced again, a great problem is become.
And with the common progress of low-power Electronic Design and low-power electronic manufacture, wireless sensor with communicate
The power consumption of network node further decreases, can be down to 10 to 100 μ W.Therefore, the piezoelectric effect that can use piezoelectric material will be outer
The ubiquitous vibrational energy in boundary is converted into electric energy, provides enough electric energy, this technical solution, referred to as piezoelectricity for node work
Energy collection technology, the element used are piezoelectric energy collector (piezoelectric energy harvester).
What it is due to the output of piezoelectric energy collector is alternating current, and its output impedance is in capacitive.In order to piezoelectric energy
It is stored and is made full use of, circuit needs a rectification interface circuit, and the alternating current of output is converted into be suitble to save
The direct current that point uses.Classical rectification interface circuit is that half-wave or full-wave rectification bridge are followed by storage capacitor, although this side
Case structure is simple, can export basicly stable DC current, but energy extraction efficiency is low.In order to overcome this deficiency,
Guyomar, Lefeuvre, Richard team propose a kind of referred to as SSHI (Synchronized Switch Harvesting
With Inductor) high efficiency nonlinear Energy extraction circuit be subject to appropriate with the auxiliary of inductance and synchronous switch
Control strategy reduces the charge and discharge time of the inner clip capacitor of piezoelectric energy collector and increases the charging time to storage capacitor,
To improve energy extraction efficiency.
In piezoelectric energy assembling sphere, nonlinear energy, which extracts circuit SSHI, has become a kind of mainstream technology, and
Collection of energy power is theoretically enabled to obtain the raising of several times, as obtained 4 times of raisings in SECE Circuit theory, S-SSHI is obtained
4 times of raisings are obtained, PSSHI circuit can obtain 8 times or more of raising.However, this circuit is all inevitable there is one
Drawback requires the biggish inductance of induction reactance value since nonlinear energy extracts circuit SSHI, and this inductor size all compared with
Greatly, CMOS integrated circuit can not be suitable for by causing the self-powered of this kind of circuit to design.
It can not be suitable for CMOS integrated circuit to solve the problems, such as that inductor size is larger, researcher proposes using perception
Impedance carrys out simulaed inductance.But this method is higher to device parameter requirements, is difficult to adjust, and the size of device still compared with
Greatly, it is most important that, circuit is realized there is still a need for external power supply, cannot achieve real independent self-powered.
In 2010, Ramadass was set for the efficient collection of the realization piezoelectric energy on CMOS integrated circuit in circuit
It abandons proposing novel synchronous switch interface circuit scheme using inductance in meter, the closing time needs switched in the program
It is manually adjusted according to different piezoelectric patches parameters, which cannot achieve auto-adjustment control.It is closed to solve switch
Close the time can not self-adjusting problem, Shaohua Lu proposes a kind of new control circuit, still, the control circuit of the program
More device is needed, causes power consumption larger.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to solve that extraction efficiency present in the extraction circuit that the above prior art provides is not high, includes in it
The closing time of switching circuit can not achieve self-adjusting technological deficiency, provide a kind of efficient piezoelectric vibration energy extraction electricity
Road.
To realize the above goal of the invention, the technical solution adopted is that:
A kind of piezoelectric vibration energy extraction circuit, including piezoelectric energy collector, full-wave rectification bridge, energy-storage module, switch
Module and circuit control module;
The wherein cathode voltage output end V of piezoelectric energy collectorpIt is connect with the end one of full-wave rectification bridge, piezoelectric energy is received
The cathode voltage output end V of storagenIt is connect with the end two of full-wave rectification bridge;End one, end two are on diagonal position;
Two input terminals of energy-storage module are connect with the end of full-wave rectification bridge three, end four respectively;
The circuit control module includes voltage comparator CMP1, voltage comparator CMP2, voltage comparator CMP3Or door
VOR, capacitor CHPWith resistance RHP;Voltage comparator CMP1Inverting input terminal, voltage comparator CMP2Inverting input terminal respectively with
The cathode voltage output end V of piezoelectric energy collectorp, cathode voltage output end VnConnection, voltage comparator CMP1Positive input
End, voltage comparator CMP2Positive input, voltage comparator CMP3Positive input and reference voltage VrefConnection;Voltage
Comparator CMP1Output end, voltage comparator CMP2Output end respectively with or door VORTwo input terminals connection or door VOR
Output end pass through capacitor CHPWith voltage comparator CMP3Inverting input terminal connection, voltage comparator CMP3Inverting input terminal
Pass through resistance RHPGround connection;
The switch module includes NMOS tube M1With NMOS tube M2, wherein NMOS tube M1The pole D and piezoelectric energy collector
Cathode voltage output end VpConnection, NMOS tube M1The pole S and NMOS tube M2The pole S connection, NMOS tube M2The pole D and piezoelectric energy
The cathode voltage output end V of collectornConnection, NMOS tube M1The pole G and NMOS tube M2The pole G and voltage comparator CMP3It is defeated
Outlet connection.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
Circuit of the invention utilizes capacitor C in circuit control moduleHPWith resistance RHPThe passive high three-way filter of composition is caught
Obtain or door generate failing edge, successfully obtain piezoelectric energy collector current zero-crossing point, the closure of control switch module, contracting
The discharge time of the inner clip capacitor of short piezoelectric patches increases charging time of the piezoelectric patches to energy-storage module, more so as to collect
Piezoelectric energy;And by adjusting capacitor CHPCapacitance and resistance RHPResistance value carry out the closing time of control switch module, fit
The working characteristics of different piezoelectric energy collectors is answered, also, the circuit is free of inductance element, is suitable for CMOS integrated circuit, and
Auxiliary circuit device is less, and power consumption is lower.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that circuit of the invention realizes schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the waveform diagram of circuit of the invention each voltage and electric current at steady state.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of circuit of the invention in initial charging phase.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of circuit of the invention in the Energy extraction stage.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of circuit of the invention in synchronous switch close stage.
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of circuit of the invention in lower half phase initial charging phase.
Specific embodiment
The attached figures are only used for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as limitating the patent;
Below in conjunction with drawings and examples, the present invention is further elaborated.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of piezoelectric vibration energy provided by the invention extracts circuit, including it is piezoelectric energy collector, complete
Wave rectifier bridge, energy-storage module, switch module and circuit control module;
The wherein cathode voltage output end V of piezoelectric energy collectorpIt is connect with the end one of full-wave rectification bridge, piezoelectric energy is received
The cathode voltage output end V of storagenIt is connect with the end two of full-wave rectification bridge;
Two input terminals of energy-storage module are connect with the end of full-wave rectification bridge three, end four respectively;
The circuit control module includes voltage comparator CMP1, voltage comparator CMP2, voltage comparator CMP3Or door
VOR, capacitor CHPWith resistance RHP;Voltage comparator CMP1Inverting input terminal, voltage comparator CMP2Inverting input terminal respectively with
The cathode voltage output end V of piezoelectric energy collectorp, cathode voltage output end VnConnection, voltage comparator CMP1Positive input
End, voltage comparator CMP2Positive input, voltage comparator CMP3Positive input and reference voltage VrefConnection;Voltage
Comparator CMP1Output end, voltage comparator CMP2Output end respectively with or door VORTwo input terminals connection or door VOR
Output end pass through capacitor CHPWith voltage comparator CMP3Inverting input terminal connection, voltage comparator CMP3Inverting input terminal
Pass through resistance RHPGround connection;
The switch module includes NMOS tube M1With NMOS tube M2, wherein NMOS tube M1The pole D and piezoelectric energy collector
Cathode voltage output end VpConnection, NMOS tube M1The pole S and NMOS tube M2The pole S connection, NMOS tube M2The pole D and piezoelectric energy
The cathode voltage output end V of collectornConnection, NMOS tube M1The pole G and NMOS tube M2The pole G and voltage comparator CMP3It is defeated
Outlet connection.
Wherein, the reference voltage VRefLess than 0, and it is greater than negative full-wave rectification bridge diode turn-on voltage VD, i.e.-VD
<VRef<0。
In the specific implementation process, the energy-storage module includes storage capacitor CrectWith load resistance Rrect, storage capacitor
CrectBoth ends, load resistance RrectBoth ends four connect with the end of full-wave rectification bridge three, end respectively;Storage capacitor CrectOne
End, load resistance RrectOne end ground connection.
The charging process of circuit is divided into four-stage, under steady operation, the wave of the circuit each voltage and electric current
Shape is shown in Fig. 2.
As shown in figure 3, being the initial charging phase of circuit.Select piezoelectric energy collector equivalent current source ieqFor 0 when
It carves and is used as starting point, i.e. t in Fig. 20Moment, due to piezoelectric energy collector inner clip capacitor C at this timepOn voltage be 0, equivalent current
Source starts to give inner clip capacitor CpCharging, meanwhile, inner clip resistance RpAlso the energy of current source is consumed.In time t0To t1Between, by
In storage capacitor CrectRemain voltage value Vrect, and V has not yet been reached in the voltage at piezoelectric energy collector both endsrect+2VD, VDFor
The forward conduction voltage of full-wave rectification bridge diode, therefore full-wave rectification bridge is in and does not turn on state, cathode voltage output end Vp
Voltage VpThe lasting rising since 0, and cathode voltage output end VnVoltage VnIt is continued to decline since 0.
As shown in figure 4, being the Energy extraction stage of circuit.Until t1The voltage at moment, piezoelectric energy collector both ends reaches
To Vrect+2VD, full-wave rectification bridge enters on state, and since equivalent current source is still forward current, piezoelectric patches starts as energy storage
Capacitor CrectCharging, so in time t1To tπPeriod, piezoelectric energy collector energy continue by storage capacitor CrectWith load electricity
Hinder RrectIt is extracted, which is with storage capacitor CrectCathode is, due to the effect of full-wave rectification bridge diode, to bear with reference to ground
Pole tension output end VnVoltage VnFall below-VD, and reference voltage VrefIt is slightly greater than-VD.Therefore, voltage comparator CMP2It will
Reference voltage VrefWith voltage VnAfter being compared, output end voltage V2High level is jumped to from low level, and cathode voltage exports
Hold VpVoltage VpConsistently greater than reference voltage Vref, voltage comparator CMP1Output end voltage V1Keep low level, OR gate input
End receives low level V1With the V of high level2, therefore, output end voltage VORAlso high level is jumped into.
As shown in figure 5, being the synchronous switch close stage of circuit.As equivalent current source ieqWhen dropping to 0, polarity will be from forward direction
It is changed to reversed, i.e. zero passage point moment tπ, piezoelectric energy collector both end voltage begins to decline, cathode voltage output end VpElectricity
Press VpStart from Vrect+VDDecline, while cathode voltage output end VnVoltage VnStart from-VDIt begins to ramp up.As voltage VnOn
It is raised to than reference voltage VrefWhen big, i.e. moment tπ+, input terminal reception voltage VnWith VrefVoltage comparator CMP2Output end
Voltage V2Low level is jumped back from high level, OR gate input end receives low level V1With low level V2, output end voltage VOR?
Low level is jumped back from high level.Voltage VoRIt is connected to passive high three-way filter (capacitor CHPWith resistance RHP), and high-pass filter
With low frequency component is filtered out, DC component is blocked, but the characteristic of high fdrequency component can be connected.Due to voltage VORIt is jumped back from high level
Low level, the high fdrequency component of hopping edge are able to through passive high three-way filter, therefore voltage VRHPMoment drops to a pole from 0
Threshold voltage, than reference voltage VrefIt is also small, then capacitor CHPElectric discharge returns to nought state, the velocity of discharge and timeconstantτ=RHPCHP
Correlation, voltage comparator CMP3By voltage VRHPWith reference voltage VrefIt is compared, obtains the height of a short time in output end
Level VCTR.Serve as the NMOS tube M of switch role1And M2, only as its gate source voltage VGSVoltage is higher than threshold voltage VTHWhen,
NMOS tube can just enter on state.NMOS tube M1And M2Grid G access voltage VCTR, and voltage VCTRThe high level of acquisition is big
In the threshold voltage V of metal-oxide-semiconductorTH, therefore, in tπ+Moment, voltage VCTRNMOS tube M can be driven in a short time1Into conducting shape
State, and at this point, NMOS tube M2Body diode be in forward conduction state, therefore, circuit can complete the closure of synchronous switch,
Promote inner clip capacitor CpThe voltage at both ends is from Vrect+2VDIt sparks to 0 value.
Wherein, the closing time of circuit control module control switch is ton, meetWherein VHIt represents
High level, τ represent the time constant of passive high three-way filter, are τ=RHPCHP。
After the three phases of above-mentioned positive vibration period, circuit enters lower half period, i.e. time tπTo t2π.Circuit is first
It is repeatedly initial charging phase, but the polarity i of equivalent current sourceeqIt is changed to reversely from forward direction, the flowing of electric current such as Fig. 6 institute
Show.Later, circuit enters back into the Energy extraction stage again, and synchronous switch close stage circuits sequentially.
Obviously, the above embodiment of the present invention be only to clearly illustrate example of the present invention, and not be pair
The restriction of embodiments of the present invention.For those of ordinary skill in the art, may be used also on the basis of the above description
To make other variations or changes in different ways.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.It is all this
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should be included in the claims in the present invention within the spirit and principle of invention
Protection scope within.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of piezoelectric vibration energy extracts circuit, it is characterised in that: including piezoelectric energy collector, full-wave rectification bridge, energy storage
Module, switch module and circuit control module;
The wherein cathode voltage output end V of piezoelectric energy collectorpIt is connect with the end one of full-wave rectification bridge, piezoelectric energy collector
Cathode voltage output end VnIt is connect with the end two of full-wave rectification bridge;End one, end two are on diagonal position;
Two input terminals of energy-storage module are connect with the end of full-wave rectification bridge three, end four respectively;
The circuit control module includes voltage comparator CMP1, voltage comparator CMP2, voltage comparator CMP3Or door VOR, electricity
Hold CHPWith resistance RHP;Voltage comparator CMP1Inverting input terminal, voltage comparator CMP2Inverting input terminal respectively with piezoelectricity
The cathode voltage output end V of energy harvesterp, cathode voltage output end VnConnection, voltage comparator CMP1Positive input,
Voltage comparator CMP2Positive input, voltage comparator CMP3Positive input and reference voltage VrefConnection;Voltage ratio
Compared with device CMP1Output end, voltage comparator CMP2Output end respectively with or door VORTwo input terminals connection or door VOR's
Output end passes through capacitor CHPWith voltage comparator CMP3Inverting input terminal connection, voltage comparator CMP3Inverting input terminal it is logical
Cross resistance RHPGround connection;
The switch module includes NMOS tube M1With NMOS tube M2, wherein NMOS tube M1The pole D and piezoelectric energy collector anode
Voltage output end VpConnection, NMOS tube M1The pole S and NMOS tube M2The pole S connection, NMOS tube M2The pole D and piezoelectric energy collect
The cathode voltage output end V of devicenConnection, NMOS tube M1The pole G and NMOS tube M2The pole G and voltage comparator CMP3Output end
Connection.
2. piezoelectric vibration energy according to claim 1 extracts circuit, it is characterised in that: the piezoelectric energy collector is
Piezoelectric patches.
3. piezoelectric vibration energy according to claim 1 extracts circuit, it is characterised in that: the energy-storage module includes energy storage
Capacitor CrectWith load resistance Rrect, storage capacitor CrectBoth ends, load resistance RrectBoth ends respectively with full-wave rectification bridge
End three, end four connection;Storage capacitor CrectOne end, load resistance RrectOne end ground connection.
4. described in any item piezoelectric vibration energies extract circuit according to claim 1~3, it is characterised in that: described with reference to electricity
Press VRefLess than 0, and it is greater than negative full-wave rectification bridge diode turn-on voltage VD, i.e.-VD< VRef< 0.
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CN110729986B (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2023-08-08 | 广东电网有限责任公司广州供电局 | Impulse voltage generator and trigger pulse waveform regulating and controlling device thereof |
CN112910311B (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2022-04-29 | 清华大学 | Energy storage capacitor charging circuit for collecting weak vibration energy |
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CN103904781A (en) * | 2014-04-24 | 2014-07-02 | 施阁 | Self-powered piezoelectric vibration energy synchronous extraction circuit |
CN203775080U (en) * | 2014-03-03 | 2014-08-13 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Self-powered piezoelectric vibration acquisition circuit |
CN204271948U (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2015-04-15 | 北京林业大学 | A kind of self-powered P-SSHI circuit |
CN106357114A (en) * | 2016-09-22 | 2017-01-25 | 宁波大学 | Piezoelectric vibration energy acquisition system on basis of maximum power point tracking |
CN106953534A (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2017-07-14 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of efficient piezoelectric energy Acquisition Circuit based on biasing upset rectification |
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Patent Citations (5)
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CN203775080U (en) * | 2014-03-03 | 2014-08-13 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Self-powered piezoelectric vibration acquisition circuit |
CN103904781A (en) * | 2014-04-24 | 2014-07-02 | 施阁 | Self-powered piezoelectric vibration energy synchronous extraction circuit |
CN204271948U (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2015-04-15 | 北京林业大学 | A kind of self-powered P-SSHI circuit |
CN106357114A (en) * | 2016-09-22 | 2017-01-25 | 宁波大学 | Piezoelectric vibration energy acquisition system on basis of maximum power point tracking |
CN106953534A (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2017-07-14 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of efficient piezoelectric energy Acquisition Circuit based on biasing upset rectification |
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