CN107500740A - 一种环保型黑色陶瓷砖及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种环保型黑色陶瓷砖及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107500740A
CN107500740A CN201710917458.7A CN201710917458A CN107500740A CN 107500740 A CN107500740 A CN 107500740A CN 201710917458 A CN201710917458 A CN 201710917458A CN 107500740 A CN107500740 A CN 107500740A
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柯善军
马超
汪乾
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GUANGXI OUSHENNUO CERAMIC Co.,Ltd.
Foshan Oceano Ceramics Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种环保型黑色陶瓷砖，其包括基料和着色料，所述着色料为黑色单质硅粉。本发明通过在陶瓷坯体中引入黑色单质硅粉，烧结后形成黑色的陶瓷砖坯，砖坯无有毒重金属元素，制备过程不会引起环境污染。本发明所使用黑色单质硅粉较传统的陶瓷专用黑色色料，原料易得，价格便宜，有利于大规模工业化生产。本发明还公开了该黑色陶瓷砖的制备方法，其制备过程中未布施白色底釉，直接在黑色砖坯上喷墨装饰，避免了因使用白色底釉造成的切边倒角过程中出现白线的问题。

Description

一种环保型黑色陶瓷砖及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑陶瓷领域，特别涉及一种黑色陶瓷砖。
背景技术
随着室内装修风格的转变，陶瓷砖的整体色系发生了显著的变化。以前随处可见的黄色系风格，逐渐被黑、白、灰的简约风格所取代，其中黑色系陶瓷砖产品具有端庄、典雅、高贵的装饰特性，深受消费者的喜爱。目前，黑色陶瓷砖主要采用陶瓷专用钴-铬-铁、钴-铬-铁-锰、钴-铬-铁-镍等黑色色料为发色原料，但钴的价格一直很高，导致了黑色陶瓷砖成本较高。为了降低黑色色料的制备成本，中国发明专利CN103274761A公开了一种Cu-Mn-Fe-Cr无钴黑色陶瓷色料及其制备方法。同时，也有采用含相关元素的废料为原料制备黑色色料，如中国发明专利CN106046857A公开了一种利用钴锰废料制备黑色陶瓷色料的方法及黑色陶瓷色料和中国发明专利CN106046857A公开了一种利用铬系废料制备黑色陶瓷色料的方法及黑色陶瓷色料。但这些黑色色料的组成配方中都含有大量的重金属元素，如铬、锰等，其生产过程会形成一定程度重金属离子对水土的污染。因此，目前环保型的陶瓷黑色色料一直是行业重点研究的课题之一。中国发明专利CN102241529A公开了一种包裹炭黑陶瓷色料的制备方法，该方法采用炭黑为发色源，通过硅酸锆前驱体对炭黑进行包裹，抑制炭黑的高温氧化。但该包裹炭黑黑色色料的耐高温性较差，当温度高于1000℃，其黑色调急剧减弱。因此，目前还没有一种环保无毒的黑色色料可应用于高温黑色陶瓷砖领域。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对上述现有技术的不足，提供一种环保型黑色陶瓷砖，其高温烧成后保持有良好的发色效果，同时提供了该黑色陶瓷砖的制备方法，其环保无环境污染。
本发明所采取的技术方案是：一种环保型黑色陶瓷砖，其包括基料和着色料，所述着色料为黑色单质硅粉。
具体地，本发明中的黑色单质硅粉可采用市售的黑色单质硅粉或太阳能光伏硅板切割加工剩余的硅粉废料。
作为上述方案的进一步改进，所述着色料的粒度为200～2000目。
作为上述方案的进一步改进，按原料重量百分比计所述着色料占总重量的1～10％。
作为上述方案的进一步改进，按原料重量百分比计所述基料的化学成分包括：60～70％的SiO2、16～25％的Al2O3、0.5～0.9％的Fe2O3、0.1～0.5％的TiO2、0.5～5％的CaO、0.5～2％的MgO、0.5～3.5％的K2O、1～5％的Na2O和5～10％的烧失。
一种如上所述的环保型黑色陶瓷砖的制备方法，其包括如下工艺步骤：
1)配料：按原料重量百分比计称取基料和着色料，加入占原料总重量0.2～0.6％的添加剂，得混合料；
2)球磨：将混合料与水加入球磨机中球磨，固含量60～70％，球磨细度为250目筛余0.3％以下，得浆料；
3)喷雾造粒：将浆料通过喷雾造粒制备成含水率为5～8％的坯粉；
4)陈腐：将坯粉放置密闭仓中陈腐5～10天；
5)成型：将陈腐后的坯粉一次压制成型，得砖坯；
6)干燥：将砖坯进干燥窑干燥，干燥温度110～180℃，干燥时间55～75min；
7)抛坯：通过抛坯机对干燥后的砖坯表面抛平、抽风吸去残留的粉尘；
8)釉面装饰：将抛平后的砖坯表面直接喷墨打印图案，再布施抛釉，得半成品；
9)烧成：将半成品置于烧成窑烧成，烧成温度为1180～1230℃，烧成周期为50～70min；
10)后期加工：半成品烧成后经磨边、抛光、打蜡等工艺，得环保型黑色陶瓷砖成品。
作为上述方案的进一步改进，步骤1)中所述添加剂选自羧甲基纤维素、三聚磷酸钠中的至少一种。
作为上述方案的进一步改进，步骤7)中所述喷墨过程所选用的打印墨水选自白色墨水或金黄色墨水等色系。
本发明的有益效果是：
(1)本发明通过在陶瓷坯体中引入黑色单质硅粉，烧结后形成黑色的陶瓷砖坯，砖坯无有毒重金属元素，制备过程不会引起环境污染。本发明所使用黑色单质硅粉较传统的陶瓷专用黑色色料，原料易得，价格便宜，有利于大规模工业化生产。
(2)本发明制备过程中未布施白色底釉，直接在黑色砖坯上喷墨装饰，避免了因使用白色底釉造成的切边倒角过程中出现白线的问题。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进行具体描述，以便于所属技术领域的人员对本发明的理解。有必要在此特别指出的是，实施例只是用于对本发明做进一步说明，不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制，所属领域技术熟练人员，根据上述发明内容对本发明作出的非本质性的改进和调整，应仍属于本发明的保护范围。同时下述所提及的原料未详细说明的，均为市售产品；未详细提及的工艺步骤或制备方法为均为本领域技术人员所知晓的工艺步骤或制备方法。
实施例1
一种环保型黑色陶瓷砖，其按重量百分比计包括90％的基料和10％的细度为200目的黑色单质硅粉。其中，基料按重量百分比计的化学成分为：64％的SiO2、20％的Al2O3、0.5％的Fe2O3、0.3％的TiO2、1.4％的CaO、0.5％的MgO、1.8％的K2O、3.5％的Na2O和8％的烧失。
制备方法：
1)配料：按原料重量百分比计称取基料和着色料，加入占原料总重量0.2％的羧甲基纤维素和0.4％的三聚磷酸钠，得混合料；
2)球磨：将混合料与水加入球磨机中球磨，固含量70％，球磨细度为250目筛余0.3％以下，得浆料；
3)喷雾造粒：将浆料通过喷雾造粒制备成含水率为5％的坯粉；
4)陈腐：将坯粉放置密闭仓中陈腐5天；
5)成型：将陈腐后的坯粉一次压制成型，得砖坯；
6)干燥：将砖坯进干燥窑干燥，干燥温度160℃，干燥时间60min；
7)抛坯：通过抛坯机对干燥后的砖坯表面抛平、抽风吸去残留的粉尘；
8)釉面装饰：将抛平后的砖坯表面直接喷墨打印图案，再布施抛釉，得半成品；
9)烧成：将表面装饰后的砖进烧成窑烧成，最高烧成温度1200℃，烧成周期55min；
10)后期加工：半成品烧成后经磨边、抛光、打蜡等工艺，得实施例1环保型黑色陶瓷砖成品。
实施例2
一种环保型黑色陶瓷砖，其按重量百分比计包括95％的基料和5％的细度为800目的黑色单质硅粉。其中，基料按重量百分比计的化学成分为：60％的SiO2、18％的Al2O3、0.5％的Fe2O3、0.4％的TiO2、1.3％的CaO、1.5％的MgO、2.8％的K2O、5.5％的Na2O和10％的烧失。
制备方法：
1)配料：按原料重量百分比计称取基料和着色料，加入占原料总重量0.3％的羧甲基纤维素和0.3％的三聚磷酸钠，得混合料；
2)球磨：将混合料与水加入球磨机中球磨，固含量60％，球磨细度为250目筛余0.3％以下，得浆料；
3)喷雾造粒：将浆料通过喷雾造粒制备成含水率为8％的坯粉；
4)陈腐：将坯粉放置密闭仓中陈腐10天；
5)成型：将陈腐后的坯粉一次压制成型，得砖坯；
6)干燥：将砖坯进干燥窑干燥，干燥温度110℃，干燥时间75min；
7)抛坯：通过抛坯机对干燥后的砖坯表面抛平、抽风吸去残留的粉尘；
8)釉面装饰：将抛平后的砖坯表面直接喷墨打印图案，再布施抛釉，得半成品；
9)烧成：将表面装饰后的砖进烧成窑烧成，最高烧成温度1180℃，烧成周期65min；
10)后期加工：半成品烧成后经磨边、抛光、打蜡等工艺，得实施例2环保型黑色陶瓷砖成品。
实施例3
一种环保型黑色陶瓷砖，其按重量百分比计包括99％的基料和1％的细度为2000目的黑色单质硅粉。其中，基料按重量百分比计的化学成分为：70％的SiO2、16％的Al2O3、0.5％的Fe2O3、0.3％的TiO2、1％的CaO、1.2％的MgO、1.8％的K2O、4％的Na2O和5.2％的烧失。制备方法：
1)配料：按原料重量百分比计称取基料和着色料，加入占原料总重量0.3％的羧甲基纤维素和0.3％的三聚磷酸钠，得混合料；
2)球磨：将混合料与水加入球磨机中球磨，固含量65％，球磨细度为250目筛余0.3％以下，得浆料；
3)喷雾造粒：将浆料通过喷雾造粒制备成含水率为6％的坯粉；
4)陈腐：将坯粉放置密闭仓中陈腐7天；
5)成型：将陈腐后的坯粉一次压制成型，得砖坯；
6)干燥：将砖坯进干燥窑干燥，干燥温度180℃，干燥时间55min；
7)抛坯：通过抛坯机对干燥后的砖坯表面抛平、抽风吸去残留的粉尘；
8)釉面装饰：将抛平后的砖坯表面直接喷墨打印图案，再布施抛釉，得半成品；
9)烧成：将表面装饰后的砖进烧成窑烧成，最高烧成温度1230℃，烧成周期60min；
10)后期加工：半成品烧成后经磨边、抛光、打蜡等工艺，得实施例3环保型黑色陶瓷砖成品。
上述实施例为本发明的优选实施例，凡与本发明类似的工艺及所作的等效变化，均应属于本发明的保护范畴。

Claims (6)

1.一种环保型黑色陶瓷砖，其特征在于：包括基料和着色料，所述着色料为黑色单质硅粉。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保型黑色陶瓷砖，其特征在于：所述着色料的粒度为200～2000目。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保型黑色陶瓷砖，其特征在于：按原料重量百分比计所述着色料占总重量的1～10％。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保型黑色陶瓷砖，其特征在于：按原料重量百分比计所述基料的化学成分包括：60～70％的SiO2、16～25％的Al2O3、0.5～0.9％的Fe2O3、0.1～0.5％的TiO2、0.5～5％的CaO、0.5～2％的MgO、0.5～3.5％的K2O、1～5％的Na2O和5～10％的烧失。
5.一种如权利要求1～4任一项所述的环保型黑色陶瓷砖的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下工艺步骤：
1)配料：按原料重量百分比计称取基料和着色料，加入占原料总重量0.2～0.6％的添加剂，得混合料；
2)球磨：将混合料与水加入球磨机中球磨，固含量60～70％，球磨细度为250目筛余0.3％以下，得浆料；
3)喷雾造粒：将浆料通过喷雾造粒制备成含水率为5～8％的坯粉；
4)陈腐：将坯粉放置密闭仓中陈腐5～10天；
5)成型：将陈腐后的坯粉一次压制成型，得砖坯；
6)干燥：将砖坯进干燥窑干燥，干燥温度110～180℃，干燥时间55～75min；
7)抛坯：通过抛坯机对干燥后的砖坯表面抛平、抽风吸去残留的粉尘；
8)釉面装饰：将抛平后的砖坯表面直接喷墨打印图案，再布施抛釉，得半成品；
9)烧成：将半成品置于烧成窑烧成，烧成温度为1180～1230℃，烧成周期为50～70min；
10)后期加工：半成品烧成后经磨边、抛光、打蜡等工艺，得环保型黑色陶瓷砖成品。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种环保型黑色陶瓷砖的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤1)中所述添加剂选自羧甲基纤维素、三聚磷酸钠中的至少一种。
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