CN107465764B - Star topology based internet of things communication system, gateway equipment and method - Google Patents

Star topology based internet of things communication system, gateway equipment and method Download PDF

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CN107465764B
CN107465764B CN201710852954.9A CN201710852954A CN107465764B CN 107465764 B CN107465764 B CN 107465764B CN 201710852954 A CN201710852954 A CN 201710852954A CN 107465764 B CN107465764 B CN 107465764B
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tag
gateway
index information
gateway device
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CN107465764A (en
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周星星
程应凯
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ARCHERMIND TECHNOLOGY (NANJING) CO LTD
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01Protocols
    • H04L67/12Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04JMULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J3/00Time-division multiplex systems
    • H04J3/16Time-division multiplex systems in which the time allocation to individual channels within a transmission cycle is variable, e.g. to accommodate varying complexity of signals, to vary number of channels transmitted
    • H04J3/1694Allocation of channels in TDM/TDMA networks, e.g. distributed multiplexers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04JMULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J3/00Time-division multiplex systems
    • H04J3/24Time-division multiplex systems in which the allocation is indicated by an address the different channels being transmitted sequentially
    • H04J3/245Time-division multiplex systems in which the allocation is indicated by an address the different channels being transmitted sequentially in which the allocation protocols between more than two stations share the same transmission medium
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/44Star or tree networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/44Star or tree networks
    • H04L2012/445Star or tree networks with switching in a hub, e.g. ETHERNET switch

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  • Signal Processing (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses an internet of things communication system, gateway equipment and a method based on a star topology structure, wherein the system comprises: the cloud server is used for communicating with the gateway equipment, informing the gateway equipment of unique identification information corresponding to each label to be managed by the gateway equipment, and receiving label data of each label acquired by the gateway equipment; the gateway equipment is used for performing communication handshake with each label after acquiring the unique identifier of each label, acquiring label data of each label by adopting a time division multiplexing mechanism, and transmitting the acquired label data to the cloud server; the invention can realize a simple star-shaped internet of things topological structure by using lower resources and ensure that the data transmission between the gateway equipment and each label is rapid and stable.

Description

Star topology based internet of things communication system, gateway equipment and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of Internet of things, in particular to an Internet of things communication system, gateway equipment and method based on a star topology structure.
Background
With the development of the internet of things, the usage of the internet of things is becoming more and more extensive, and the network architecture applied by the internet of things is various in the fields of intelligent transportation, intelligent home, logistics supervision, environment collection and the like, such as a star-shaped structure, a tree-shaped structure, a Mesh structure and the like, wherein the star-shaped topology structure is the most common network structure.
In the star topology, each node in the network is connected to a central node in a point-to-point manner, and the central node transmits information to each destination node and collects feedback information. In the internet of things, the individual nodes are like individual RFID tags and sensors, the central node is like a brain and a server, data in the individual nodes need to be collected and summarized reliably and quickly, and the process is an important link throughout the internet of things.
Most of the existing technical solutions of the star topology are based on using protocol stacks such as Zigbee, Thread, BLE (bluetooth low Energy), bluetooth, and the like, to complete a single successive query of a gateway to a device, as shown in fig. 1, or the gateway unifies query devices in a broadcast form, and the device replies to the gateway in a unified manner after receiving the broadcast, as shown in fig. 2.
However, in the technical solutions of fig. 1 and fig. 2, the gateway in the topology of the internet of things is implemented based on the MCU micro-control unit, the RAM (Random-Access Memory) and Flash (Flash) resources carried by such a controller are very scarce, and if the existing Zigbee, Thread, BLE and other high-level protocol stacks are used, the RAM and Flash resources are very scarce; if the basic protocol stacks (for example, 802.15.4) are adopted, the basic protocol stacks have no anti-collision mechanism, and when the devices use the uniform time reply, the gateway cannot process the messages simultaneously and part of the response messages are lost.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an internet of things communication system, gateway equipment and a method based on a star-shaped topology structure, so that a simple star-shaped internet of things topology structure is realized by using lower resources, and the data transmission between the gateway equipment and each label is ensured to be rapid and stable.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
an internet of things communication system based on a star topology structure comprises:
the cloud server is used for communicating with the gateway equipment, informing the gateway equipment of unique identification information corresponding to each label to be managed by the gateway equipment, and receiving label data of each label acquired by the gateway equipment;
the gateway equipment is used for performing communication handshake with each label after acquiring the unique identifier of each label, acquiring label data of each label by adopting a time division multiplexing mechanism, and transmitting the acquired label data to the cloud server;
and the plurality of labels carry out data transmission with the gateway equipment according to a time division multiplexing mechanism.
Further, the gateway device communicates with each tag based on an 802.15.4 physical link layer protocol.
Further, the gateway device sends the broadcast frame in a broadcast mode to perform communication handshake with each tag.
Further, the time division multiplexing mechanism is to use the time when the gateway device sends the broadcast frame as a starting point, divide the following time according to a preset time step and the like, and each tag sends tag data to the gateway device according to the divided time period.
To achieve the above object, the present invention further provides a gateway device, including:
the identification acquisition unit is used for acquiring unique identification information corresponding to each label sent by the cloud server;
an index generating unit configured to generate index information for all the tags managed by the gateway device;
the communication handshake unit is used for performing communication handshake with each label and informing the index information to each label when the communication handshake is established;
and the tag data acquisition unit is used for receiving and distinguishing tag data sent by each tag according to a time division multiplexing mechanism according to the unique identifier, and uploading the tag data to the cloud server.
Further, the communication handshake unit sends a broadcast frame in a broadcast manner, and the handshake succeeds after the acknowledgement signals of the tags are received.
Furthermore, the time division multiplexing mechanism takes the time when the gateway device sends the broadcast frame as a starting point, divides the subsequent time according to a preset time step and the like, and sequentially delays an Interval index according to the index information to send the label data, wherein the index is the index information, and the Interval is the preset time step.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention further provides a star topology based communication method of internet of things, which includes the following steps:
step one, gateway equipment obtains unique identification of each label from a cloud server;
step two, after obtaining the unique identification of each label, the gateway equipment performs communication handshake with each label, and acquires the label data of each label by adopting a time division multiplexing mechanism;
and step three, the gateway equipment transmits the obtained tag data to a cloud server.
Further, the second step comprises:
generating index information for all the tags managed by the gateway device;
the gateway equipment performs communication handshake with the tags and informs the index information to each tag when the communication handshake is established;
and the gateway equipment receives and distinguishes the label data sent by each label according to the time division multiplexing mechanism according to the unique identifier.
Furthermore, the time division multiplexing mechanism takes the time when the gateway device sends the broadcast frame as a starting point, divides the subsequent time according to a preset time step and the like, and sequentially delays an Interval index according to the index information to send the label data, wherein the index is the index information, and the Interval is the preset time step.
Compared with the prior art, the internet of things communication system, the gateway equipment and the method based on the star topology structure have the beneficial effects that:
the communication between the gateway equipment and the label is based on the 802.15.4 physical protocol stack, the time division multiplexing backoff technology is adopted, the simple star-shaped internet of things topological structure is realized by using lower resources, the data transmission between the gateway and the label is ensured to be fast and stable, the resources are saved, and the transmission conflict possibly existing in wireless transmission is avoided.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a star topology in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another star topology solution in the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a system architecture diagram of an IOT communication system based on a star topology structure according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a gateway device of an internet of things communication system based on a star topology structure according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a topology structure diagram of an internet of things communication system based on a star topology structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a timing diagram of 50 tags in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a workflow of a gateway and a tag according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a flowchart illustrating steps of an embodiment of a communication method of the internet of things based on a star topology according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following description will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some examples of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings and embodiments can be derived from them without inventive effort.
For the sake of simplicity, the drawings only schematically show the parts relevant to the present invention, and they do not represent the actual structure as a product. In addition, in order to make the drawings concise and understandable, components having the same structure or function in some of the drawings are only schematically illustrated or only labeled. In this document, "one" means not only "only one" but also a case of "more than one".
In an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the communication system of the internet of things based on a star topology of the present invention includes: cloud server 10, gateway device 20, and a plurality of tags 30.
The cloud server 10 is configured to communicate with the gateway device 20, notify the gateway device 20 of unique identification information corresponding to each tag that the gateway device 20 needs to manage, and receive information of each tag 30 acquired by the gateway device 20. That is to say, each tag 30 corresponds to a unique identifier, and after the cloud server 10 sends the unique identifier of each tag to the gateway device 20, the gateway device 20 can distinguish different tags by determining unique identifier information included in a received wireless data packet of each tag.
After obtaining the unique identifier of each tag, the gateway device 20 performs communication handshake with each tag, collects tag information of each tag by using a time division multiplexing mechanism, and transmits the collected tag information to the cloud server 10. In the embodiment of the present invention, after the gateway device 20 obtains the Short Address (Short Address) of each tag, the Short Address is used to distinguish each tag in a broadcast manner and perform communication handshake (Association) with each tag 30. On one hand, because of saving cost and on the other hand because of the shortage of RAM and Flash resources carried by the gateway device, the gateway device 20 in the invention directly communicates with each tag 30 based on 802.15.4 physical link layer protocol, so that although the short address as the unique identifier of each tag can distinguish different tags, however, the concurrent collisions of wireless transceiving are not resolved yet, and therefore, in order to resolve the concurrent collisions and ensure the stability of the data packets, the present invention employs a back-off technique of time division multiplexing for data transmission between the gateway device 20 and the tag 30, wherein the time division multiplexing employs different time periods of the same physical connection to transmit different signals, taking time as a parameter of signal division, dividing the time of channel transmission information into a plurality of time slices, and allocates these time slots to each tag to avoid collisions of data transmissions between the tags and the gateway device. Specifically, the time division multiplexing mechanism adopted by the present invention may use the time when the gateway device sends the broadcast frame as a starting point, divide the following time into equal time according to a preset time step, for example, 50ms, and perform data transmission with each tag according to the divided time period.
And the tag 30 transmits data to the tag information gateway device 20 according to a time division multiplexing mechanism. Specifically, each tag starts from the time when the gateway device transmits the broadcast frame, divides the subsequent time by a preset time step, and transmits tag data to the gateway device 20 according to the divided time period. The tag data may be data information contained in the tag itself, or may include environmental information acquired by the tag 30 through a sensor.
In another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, a gateway device of an internet of things communication system based on a star topology of the present invention includes: an identification acquisition unit 201, an index generation unit 202, a communication handshake unit 203, and a tag data acquisition unit 204.
The identifier obtaining unit 201 is configured to obtain unique identifier information corresponding to each tag sent by the cloud server, so that the gateway device can distinguish different tags by determining a unique identifier (e.g., a short address) included in a wireless data packet of a received tag;
an index generating unit 202, configured to generate index information for all tags managed by the gateway device, where each tag corresponds to a unique identifier and corresponds to different index information, so that the gateway device can control the sending and receiving timings of the gateway device and the tag data packet through the index information.
And a communication handshake unit 203 for performing communication handshake with the tag 30 for subsequent data transmission. In the embodiment of the present invention, the communication handshake unit 203 performs communication handshake (Association) with each tag in a broadcast manner, that is, the communication handshake unit 203 transmits a Beacon (Beacon) frame in a broadcast manner, and succeeds in handshake after receiving the acknowledgement signal of each tag, it should be noted that the communication handshake unit 203 informs each tag 30 of the index information corresponding to each tag while establishing handshake.
The tag data obtaining unit 204 is configured to receive tag data sent by the tag 30 according to a time division multiplexing mechanism, and upload the obtained tag data to the cloud server.
Fig. 5 is a topology structure diagram of an internet of things communication system based on a star topology structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the embodiment of the invention, a logistics supervision scheme based on 802.15.4 communication is taken as an example, a star topology network structure is taken as a basis, a central Gateway (Gateway) is used for supervising all labels (Tag) attached to packages, real-time environment information (the environment information can be obtained through a sensor) of the packages collected by all the labels (Tag) is collected and is uniformly uploaded to the Gateway (Gateway), and the Gateway (Gateway) uploads the environment information to a cloud server through WiFi and 3G network, so that a user can observe the state information of all the labels on the server in real time.
According to the 802.15.4 protocol, each Tag (Tag) has its own Short Address (Short Address) as a unique identifier, and the Gateway (Gateway) can distinguish different tags (tags) by judging the Short Address (Short Address) contained in the received wireless data packet. Specifically, the cloud server informs the gateway of a Short Address (Short Address) of each Tag to be managed through the network, and after the gateway obtains the Short Address of each Tag (Tag), the gateway performs communication handshaking (Association) with each Tag (Tag) in a broadcast form and informs Index information (Index) corresponding to each Tag (Tag), wherein the Index information is related to control of the receiving and sending time of data transmission between the gateway and the Tag.
In order to solve the concurrency conflict and ensure the stability of the data packet between the Tag and the Gateway, the invention adopts the time division multiplexing back-off technology for the data transmission between the Tag (Tag) and the Gateway (Gateway), i.e. the time when the Gateway sends the broadcast frame is taken as the starting point (0 point), the following time is divided according to the preset time step Interval (50ms) and the like, each Tag (Tag) sends the data according to the index information (index) obtained when the Gateway communicates and handshakes, the sequence is delayed by 50 index, taking 50 tags as an example, and the transmission time sequence is shown in fig. 6.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a working flow of a gateway and a tag in an embodiment of the present invention:
for the gateway part: after the gateway is started and short addresses corresponding to the labels sent by the cloud server are obtained, sending beacon frames in a broadcast form to communicate with the labels for handshake, and informing the index information corresponding to the labels; and receiving the tag data returned by all the tags, and uploading the data to the cloud server.
For the label portion: collecting sensor data after the label is started; waiting for a beacon frame in the form of a gateway broadcast to handshake communication with the gateway; if the beacon frame is received, the response label data is returned after waiting for the corresponding back-off time (Index × Interval), if the beacon frame is not received, the handshake communication is failed, the sensor data is continuously collected,
in the invention, after the Tag (Tag) and the Gateway (Gateway) are connected through the first handshake (Association), the time sequences are mutually synchronized, and then the stability of communication can be ensured only by ensuring the Tag (Tag) and the Gateway (Gateway) to be configured with the same gap and synchronously recovering (Resume). For the case of handling the burst communication failure (Lost sync), the time of the Tag Resume is advanced to ensure that the Tag (Tag) can be successfully synchronized next time.
It should be noted that all communications between the Tag (Tag) and the Gateway (Gateway) are periodically initiated by the central node Gateway (Gateway), and the Tag (Tag) does not have the right to actively initiate a request to the Gateway.
Therefore, according to the Internet of things communication system architecture, a simple and stable Internet of things system can be expanded and realized only by perfecting and adding a protocol layer required by the communication system architecture and adding or removing new or existing node equipment.
In another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 8, the communication method of the internet of things based on the star topology of the present invention includes the following steps:
step 801, the gateway device obtains the unique identifier of each tag from the cloud server. That is to say, each tag corresponds to a unique identifier, and the cloud server sends the unique identifier of each tag to the gateway device so as to distinguish different tags by judging the unique identifier information contained in the received wireless data packet of each tag. In the specific embodiment of the invention, each tag adopts a Short Address (Short Address) as a unique identifier, and the gateway device obtains the unique identifier from the cloud server through a WIFI or 3G network.
Step 802, after obtaining the unique identifier of each tag, the gateway device performs communication handshake with each tag, and collects tag data of each tag by adopting a time division multiplexing mechanism. That is, after the gateway device obtains the Short Address (Short Address) of each tag, the gateway device distinguishes each tag by using the Short Address in a broadcast form and performs communication handshake with each tag (Association). The gateway equipment directly communicates with each label based on the 802.15.4 physical link layer protocol, and in order to solve the concurrency conflict and ensure the stability of the data packet, the invention adopts the back-off technology of time division multiplexing in the data transmission of the gateway equipment and the label. Specifically, step 802 further comprises:
step S1, obtaining unique identification information corresponding to each tag sent by the cloud server, so that the gateway device can distinguish different tags by determining the unique identification (e.g., short address) included in the wireless data packet of the received tag;
step S2, generating index information for all labels managed by the gateway device, wherein each label corresponds to a unique identifier and different index information, so that the gateway device can realize the control of the receiving and sending time of the gateway device and the label data packet through the index information;
and step S3, the gateway device performs communication handshake with the tag for subsequent data transmission. In the specific embodiment of the present invention, the gateway device performs communication handshake (Association) with each tag in a broadcast manner, that is, the gateway device sends a Beacon (Beacon) frame in a broadcast manner, and after receiving a confirmation signal of each tag, the handshake succeeds, it should be noted that the gateway device informs each tag of index information corresponding to each tag while establishing handshake;
step S4, the gateway device receives the label data sent by each label according to the time division multiplexing mechanism.
In step 803, the gateway device transmits the obtained tag data to a cloud server.
In summary, the communication between the gateway device and the tag is based on the 802.15.4 physical protocol stack, and the time division multiplexing backoff technology is adopted, so that the simple star-type internet of things topology is realized by using lower resources, the data transmission between the gateway and the tag is ensured to be fast and stable, the resources are saved, and the transmission conflict possibly existing in wireless transmission is avoided.
It should be noted that the above embodiments can be freely combined as necessary. The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. An internet of things communication system based on a star topology structure comprises:
the cloud server is used for communicating with the gateway equipment, informing the gateway equipment of unique identification information corresponding to each label to be managed by the gateway equipment, and receiving label data of each label acquired by the gateway equipment;
the gateway equipment distinguishes different labels by judging the unique identification information contained in the received wireless data packet of each label after obtaining the unique identification of each label, generates index information for all the labels managed by the gateway equipment, performs communication handshake with each label, informs each label of the index information when establishing the communication handshake, and adopts a time division multiplexing mechanism to collect the label data of each label and transmit the collected label data to the cloud server, wherein the index information is related to the receiving and transmitting time of label data transmission between the subsequent gateway equipment and each label;
each label corresponds to a unique identifier and different index information, so that the gateway device can control the receiving and sending time of the data packets of the gateway device and the label through the index information and perform data transmission with the gateway device according to a time division multiplexing mechanism, the time division multiplexing mechanism takes the time when the gateway device sends the broadcast frame as a starting point, the time after the broadcasting frame is divided according to a preset time step and the like, and each label sends label data by delaying an Interval index according to the index information in sequence, wherein the index is the index information, and the Interval is the preset time step.
2. The internet of things communication system based on the star topology as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the gateway device communicates with each tag based on an 802.15.4 physical link layer protocol.
3. The internet of things communication system based on the star topology as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the gateway equipment sends broadcast frames in a broadcast mode to perform communication handshake with each label.
4. A gateway device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising:
the identification acquisition unit is used for acquiring unique identification information corresponding to each label sent by the cloud server and distinguishing different labels by judging the unique identification information contained in the received wireless data packet of each label;
an index generating unit, configured to generate index information for all tags managed by the gateway device, where the index information relates to a transmission and reception timing of tag data transmission between a subsequent gateway device and each tag, so that the gateway device can control the transmission and reception timing of data packets between the gateway device and the tags through the index information;
the communication handshake unit is used for performing communication handshake with each label and informing the index information to each label when the communication handshake is established;
and the tag data acquisition unit is used for receiving and distinguishing tag data sent by each tag according to a time division multiplexing mechanism according to the unique identifier and the index information, and uploading the tag data to a cloud server, wherein the time division multiplexing mechanism takes the moment of sending a broadcast frame by the gateway equipment as a starting point, the time after the broadcast frame is divided according to a preset time step and the like, and each tag sends the tag data by delaying an Interval index in sequence according to the index information, wherein the index is the index information, and the Interval is the preset time step.
5. The gateway device of claim 4, wherein: the communication handshake unit sends broadcast frames in a broadcast mode, and handshake succeeds after receiving the confirmation signals of the labels.
6. A communication method of the Internet of things based on a star topology structure comprises the following steps:
step one, gateway equipment obtains unique identification of each label from a cloud server;
step two, after obtaining the unique identifier of each tag, the gateway device distinguishes different tags by judging the unique identifier information contained in the received wireless data packet of each tag, and generates index information for all the tags managed by the gateway device, wherein the index information is related to the receiving and sending time of tag data transmission between the gateway device and each tag, so that the gateway device realizes the control of the receiving and sending time of the data packet of the gateway device and each tag through the index information, performs communication handshake with each tag, and informs each tag of the index information when establishing the communication handshake;
collecting the label data of each label by adopting a time division multiplexing mechanism, wherein the time division multiplexing mechanism takes the moment of sending the broadcast frame by the gateway equipment as a starting point, divides the subsequent time according to a preset time step and the like, and each label sends the label data by delaying Interval index in sequence according to the index information, wherein the index is the index information, and the Interval is the preset time step;
and step three, the gateway equipment transmits the obtained tag data to a cloud server.
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