CN107459039A - A kind of multi-element doping polarity porous carbon and preparation method and application - Google Patents

A kind of multi-element doping polarity porous carbon and preparation method and application Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107459039A
CN107459039A CN201710654583.3A CN201710654583A CN107459039A CN 107459039 A CN107459039 A CN 107459039A CN 201710654583 A CN201710654583 A CN 201710654583A CN 107459039 A CN107459039 A CN 107459039A
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carbon
porous carbon
sulphur
element doping
precursor
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游才印
张静
徐红
李立晗
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Xian University of Technology
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Xian University of Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362Composites
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624Electric conductive fillers
    • H01M4/625Carbon or graphite
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/628Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2002/00Crystal-structural characteristics
    • C01P2002/70Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
    • C01P2002/72Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/01Particle morphology depicted by an image
    • C01P2004/03Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/40Electric properties
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of multi-element doping polarity porous carbon and preparation method and application, porous carbon support has hierarchical porous structure, and with N, S, P, B isopolarity element that extensive chemical suction-operated can be formed with more sulphions.When being applied to lithium-sulfur cell and preparing the carrier of positive electrode, it effectively can adsorb and prevent the dissolving of more lithium sulfides, and just having excellent electric conductivity and structural stability, anode of secondary battery structure is realized height ratio capacity, stable cycle performance and excellent high rate performance.The electrochemical stability of positive electrode can be also kept under high magnification.In addition, the materials environmental protection of the polarity porous carbon structure, preparation technology is simple, energy consumption is low, Stability Analysis of Structures, easily accomplishes scale production.

Description

A kind of multi-element doping polarity porous carbon and preparation method and application
Technical field
The invention belongs to the preparing technical field of energy-storage battery sulphur positive electrode, and in particular to a kind of biomaterial prepares polynary The method of element doping polarity porous carbon, has further related to the polarity porous carbon as application of the sulfur-donor in lithium-sulfur cell field.
Background technology
With the rapid development in the fields such as portable electric appts, auto industry, Aero-Space and intelligent grid, lithium ion Battery can not meet the demand of growing high-energy-density energy storage.The theoretical specific capacity of lithium-sulfur cell system and compare energy Up to 1675mAh g-1 and 2600Wh kg-1, while sulphur abundance, environment-friendly again, thus lithium-sulfur cell be it is following most One of energy storage system of potentiality.Although sulphur battery has the advantages of high-energy-density, its application is also limited:Sulphur Simple substance and its electric discharge end-product poorly conductive;The intermediate product polysulfide lithium electrode of discharge process generation, which is easily soluble in electrolyte, to be damaged Lose;Sulphur simple substance changes into lithium sulfide and serious bulk effect be present.At present, the master that the capacity advantage of lithium-sulfur cell can not give full play to The shuttle effect for wanting reason to be polysulfide lithium, directly contributes that cyclical stability and the high rate performance of lithium-sulfur cell are poor, and battery The lost of life.People have done substantial amounts of work for improving shuttle effect, including using the higher carbon material of specific surface area to poly- Sulphur lithium is carried out confinement, polysulfide lithium adsorbed and just using Heteroatom doping carbon material or addition oxide addition Pole surface prepares coating come prevent the dissolving of polysulfide lithium shuttle.But these methods all often complex steps, high energy consumption, and Raw material drawing is not easy, and is unfavorable for large-scale production.
The content of the invention
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the main object of the present invention is to provide a kind of with abundant pore structure and a variety of poles Polarity porous carbon structure, its preparation process and the application of property element doping.
The present invention uses following technical scheme:
A kind of multi-element doping polarity porous carbon, there is hierarchical porous structure, there is N, S, P, B polarity element.
A kind of multi-element doping polarity porous carbon preparation method, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, hydrothermal precursor;
Choose straw leaf to dry, hydro-thermal reaction 12h at 180 DEG C, mixture will filter after hydro-thermal, and wash, be obtained after drying Straw carbon precursor;
Step 2, precursor is carbonized;
Precursor is carbonized 3h at 800 DEG C, and logical nitrogen protection, prepares straw carbon;
Step 3, pore-creating;
Straw carbon and potassium hydroxide are pressed 1:1—1:3 ratio mixing wiring solution-forming, ultrasonic disperse quickly dry after 4 hours It is dry, obtain dry mixture and 3h is incubated at 800 DEG C, washed after cooling to neutrality and filter drying;
Step 4, impurity washs;
The product of 3rd step is immersed in 25% hydrofluoric acid solution, dry, obtain after dilution, washing, suction filtration after stirring 6h To target product multi-element doping polarity porous carbon.
A kind of sulphur carbon composite, there is above-mentioned multi-element doping polarity porous carbon, multi-element doping polarity porous carbon Mixed with sulphur, carry out melting sulphur diffusion in protective atmosphere, prepare described sulphur carbon composite, the sulphur carbon composite bag Containing 50~90% sulphur (mass percent), the quality summation of sulphur and carbon is 100%.It is described melt sulphur diffusion reaction temperature be 150 DEG C~300 DEG C, the time is 12h~24h.
A kind of cell positive material, there is above-mentioned sulphur carbon composite and conductive agent and binding agent.
A kind of battery energy storage device, there is above-mentioned cell positive material.
A kind of battery energy storage device, the battery energy storage device are lithium-sulfur cell.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1) compared with traditional doping porous carbon, the present invention does not need the doping step of high energy consumption.With existing biological carbon Material is compared, and has abundant polarity element species.The environmental protection of polarity porous carbon materials and preparation method letter prepared by the present invention List, energy consumption is low, easily accomplishes scale production;
2) the characteristics of polarity porous carbon of the invention is conductive good, specific surface area is big, while the present invention has polarity Effect, can form strong physics and chemisorption with more sulphions, and the dissolving that can effectively consolidate the more sulphions of sulphur suppression is worn Shuttle.It is applied to lithium battery and carries sulfur materials in use, just having excellent electric conductivity as being used as lithium-sulfur rechargeable battery anode And structural stability, anode of secondary battery structure is realized height ratio capacity, stable cycle performance and excellent high rate performance.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is three kinds of polarity porous carbons SC1, SC2 and SC3 XRD spectrum.
Fig. 2 is three kinds of polarity porous carbons SC1, SC2 and SC3 SEM spectrum.
Fig. 3 is polarity porous carbon SC2 Element area profile.
Fig. 4 is three kinds of polarity porous carbons SC1, SC2 and SC3 cycle performance figure;
Fig. 5 is three kinds of polarity porous carbons SC1, SC2 and SC3 high rate performance figure.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Embodiment 1
A kind of multi-element doping polarity porous carbon structure is prepared, SC1 is named as, implements according to following steps:
Step 1, hydrothermal precursor;Choose straw leaf to dry, hydro-thermal reaction 12h at 180 DEG C, mixture after hydro-thermal is taken out Straw carbon precursor is obtained after filter, washing, drying;
Step 2, precursor is carbonized;Precursor is carbonized 3h at 800 DEG C, and logical nitrogen protection, prepares straw carbon;
Step 3, pore-creating;Straw carbon and potassium hydroxide are pressed 1:1 ratio mixing wiring solution-forming, ultrasonic disperse is after 4 hours Flash baking, obtain dry mixture and 3h is incubated at 800 DEG C, washed after cooling to neutrality and filter drying;
Step 4, impurity washs;The product of 3rd step is immersed in 25% hydrofluoric acid solution, dilute, wash after stirring 6h Wash, filter after dry, obtain the porous straw carbon SC1 of target product polarity.
Embodiment 2
A kind of multi-element doping polarity porous carbon structure is prepared, SC2 is named as, implements according to following steps:
Step 1, hydrothermal precursor;Choose straw leaf to dry, hydro-thermal reaction 12h at 180 DEG C, mixture after hydro-thermal is taken out Straw carbon precursor is obtained after filter, washing, drying;
Step 2, precursor is carbonized;Precursor is carbonized 3h at 800 DEG C, and logical nitrogen protection, prepares straw carbon;
Step 3, pore-creating;Straw carbon and potassium hydroxide are pressed 1:2 ratio mixing wiring solution-forming, ultrasonic disperse is after 4 hours Flash baking, obtain dry mixture and 3h is incubated at 800 DEG C, washed after cooling to neutrality and filter drying;
Step 4, impurity washs;The product of 3rd step is immersed in 25% hydrofluoric acid solution, dilute, wash after stirring 6h Wash, filter after dry, obtain the porous straw carbon SC2 of target product polarity.
Embodiment 3
A kind of multi-element doping polarity porous carbon structure is prepared, SC3 is named as, implements according to following steps:
Step 1, hydrothermal precursor;Choose straw leaf to dry, hydro-thermal reaction 12h at 180 DEG C, mixture after hydro-thermal is taken out Straw carbon precursor is obtained after filter, washing, drying;
Step 2, precursor is carbonized.Precursor is carbonized 3h at 800 DEG C, and logical nitrogen protection, prepares straw carbon;
Step 3, pore-creating;Straw carbon and potassium hydroxide are pressed 1:3 ratio mixing wiring solution-forming, ultrasonic disperse is after 4 hours Flash baking, obtain dry mixture and 3h is incubated at 800 DEG C, washed after cooling to neutrality and filter drying;
Step 4, impurity washs;The product of 3rd step is immersed in 25% hydrofluoric acid solution, dilute, wash after stirring 6h Wash, filter after dry, obtain the porous straw carbon SC3 of target product polarity.
Polarity porous carbon structure (SC1, SC2 and SC3) difference in mass ratio 25 prepared by embodiment 1,2 and 3:75 and business Industry sulphur mixes, and nitrogen protects lower 155 DEG C and melts sulphur 12h, obtains secondary battery positive electrode material SC1@S, SC2@S and SC3@S.
The material prepared to above section embodiment carries out performance detection, to illustrate the beneficial effect of material of the present invention.
By the XRD spectrum of the polarity porous carbon prepared to embodiment 1, embodiment 2 and embodiment 3, as shown in Figure 1.Can To find out, polarity porous carbon materials of the invention have carbonization structure.Porous carbon occurs three in 2 θ=28 °, 47 ° and 56 ° Individual diffraction maximum, 2 θ position and the characteristic peak positions of graphite are almost coincide (referring to JCPSD NO.75-2078), but porous carbon Diffraction maximum position integrally offsets to the right, this be due in porous carbon preparation process, it is intrinsic doping make C atom sites by part its He substitutes hetero atom, causes the position of diffraction maximum to be moved to right.In addition, by being made to embodiment 1, embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 Standby polarity porous carbon carries out SEM detections, as a result as shown in Figure 2.Figure it is seen that three kinds of carbon materials SC1, SC2 and SC3 Loose structure is respectively provided with, SC2 has most perfect graded porous structure.
Enter row element face by the polarity porous carbon for preparing embodiment 2 to sweep, as a result as shown in Figure 3.As can be seen that SC2 In with tetra- kinds of S, N, P and B to polarity element of more sulphions with extensive chemical suction-operated, and element in carbon material Even distribution, without local agglomeration.
Preparation method according to above-mentioned secondary battery positive electrode material prepares lithium-sulfur rechargeable battery anode material SC1@respectively S, it is binding agent to use super conduction black for conductive agent, polyvinylidene fluoride PVDF, by 7:2:1 mass ratio is well mixed, with NMP is that solvent prepares uniform slurry.Anode sizing agent is uniformly coated on aluminium foil, 24h is dried in vacuo at 55 DEG C, is cut out straight Footpath be 12mm piece as positive plate, lithium metal is as negative pole, with 1%LiNO3LiTFSI DOL/DME (volume ratios 1: 1) for solution as electrolyte, Celgard2400 is barrier film, assembles CR2032 type button cells, is prepared for same method SC2@S and SC3@S positive electrode batteries, evaluate the chemical property of positive electrode.Under 1C multiplying powers, three kinds of positive pole materials are tested The cycle performance of material, test voltage scope are 1.6~2.8V, and test result is as shown in Figure 4.From fig. 4, it can be seen that three kinds of positive poles Material is respectively provided with good electrochemical stability.Moreover, with the raising of concentration of potassium hydroxide, the ratio of electric discharge first of composite Capacity and cyclical stability gradually step up, and the cyclical stability of SC2@S positive electrodes is best.SC1@S, SC2@S and SC3@S positive poles The discharge capacity first of material is respectively 695mAh/g, 763mAh/g and 713mAh/g.Reversible capacity is distinguished after 100 circulations For:466mAh/g, 583mAh/g, 708mAh/g and 631mAh/g, SC2/S composites have highest specific capacity first, and Capability retention is up to 93%.In addition, three kinds of positive electrodes are respectively provided with good coulombic efficiency, coulombic efficiency is equal in 100 times Higher than 98%.
Next SC1@S, the high rate performance of SC2@S and SC3@S positive electrodes are have rated, test result is as shown in Figure 5.From Fig. 5 can be seen that three kinds of positive electrodes and be respectively provided with stable high rate performance.Wherein, SC2/S when multiplying power is 0.05C first Discharge capacity reaches 1192mAh/g, and the utilization rate of sulphur reaches 75% first.Corresponding to 0.1C, 0.2C, 0.5C, 1C, 2C and 4C Specific discharge capacity is respectively 1062,843,747,680,620 and 555mAh/g.Under 4C, 6C multiplying power, SC2/S composites Specific discharge capacity is still up to 610mAh/g and 473mAh/g, and this belongs to higher high rate performance in biomass carbon material.When again When rate is turned again under 1C multiplying powers, capacity is returned to 687mAh/g, returns under 0.2C multiplying powers, and the capacity of battery can also reach 767mAh/g.Relative to the 843mAh/g under original 0.2C, the capacity overwhelming majority is reversible (91%).
Described above is present pre-ferred embodiments, for the ordinary skill in the art, according to the present invention's Teaching, in the case where not departing from the principle of the present invention and spirit, the changes, modifications, replacement and the change that are carried out to embodiment Type is still fallen within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of multi-element doping polarity porous carbon, it is characterised in that there is hierarchical porous structure, there is N, S, P, B polarity element.
2. a kind of multi-element doping polarity porous carbon preparation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that including following step Suddenly:
Step 1, hydrothermal precursor;
Choose straw leaf to dry, hydro-thermal reaction 12h at 180 DEG C, mixture will filter after hydro-thermal, and wash, obtain straw after drying Carbon precursor;
Step 2, precursor is carbonized;
Precursor is carbonized 3h at 800 DEG C, and logical nitrogen protection, prepares straw carbon;
Step 3, pore-creating;
Straw carbon and potassium hydroxide are pressed 1:1—1:3 ratio mixing wiring solution-forming, ultrasonic disperse flash baking after 4 hours, is obtained 3h is incubated at 800 DEG C to dry mixture, is washed after cooling to neutrality and filters drying;
Step 4, impurity washs;
The product of 3rd step is immersed in 25% hydrofluoric acid solution, dried after stirring 6h after dilution, washing, suction filtration, obtain mesh Mark product multi-element doping polarity porous carbon.
A kind of 3. sulphur carbon composite, it is characterised in that there is the multi-element doping polarity porous carbon described in claim 2, it is more Element doping polarity porous carbon mixes with sulphur, carries out melting sulphur diffusion in protective atmosphere, prepares described sulphur carbon composite, Sulfur content is 50~90wt%, and the reaction temperature for melting sulphur diffusion is 150 DEG C~300 DEG C, and the time is 12h~24h.
A kind of 4. cell positive material, it is characterised in that have claim 3 described in sulphur carbon composite and conductive agent and Binding agent.
5. a kind of battery energy storage device, it is characterised in that there is the cell positive material described in claim 4.
6. a kind of battery energy storage device, it is characterised in that the battery energy storage device is lithium-sulfur cell.
CN201710654583.3A 2017-08-03 2017-08-03 A kind of multi-element doping polarity porous carbon and preparation method and application Pending CN107459039A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108682806A (en) * 2018-04-26 2018-10-19 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 A kind of composite positive pole and preparation method thereof of porous carbon sulfur loaded selenium
CN110021748A (en) * 2019-04-26 2019-07-16 河南理工大学 A kind of lithium-sulfur cell Heteroatom doping porous carbon positive electrode and preparation method thereof
CN112201785A (en) * 2019-07-08 2021-01-08 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 Lithium-philic and sulfur-philic co-doped two-dimensional layered graphitized porous carbon material and preparation method and application thereof
CN113471416A (en) * 2021-05-18 2021-10-01 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 Nitrogen-sulfur-boron co-doped carbon aerogel sulfur-based composite material and preparation method and application thereof

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108682806A (en) * 2018-04-26 2018-10-19 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 A kind of composite positive pole and preparation method thereof of porous carbon sulfur loaded selenium
CN110021748A (en) * 2019-04-26 2019-07-16 河南理工大学 A kind of lithium-sulfur cell Heteroatom doping porous carbon positive electrode and preparation method thereof
CN112201785A (en) * 2019-07-08 2021-01-08 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 Lithium-philic and sulfur-philic co-doped two-dimensional layered graphitized porous carbon material and preparation method and application thereof
CN112201785B (en) * 2019-07-08 2021-12-07 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 Lithium-philic and sulfur-philic co-doped two-dimensional layered graphitized porous carbon material and preparation method and application thereof
CN113471416A (en) * 2021-05-18 2021-10-01 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 Nitrogen-sulfur-boron co-doped carbon aerogel sulfur-based composite material and preparation method and application thereof
CN113471416B (en) * 2021-05-18 2023-09-01 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 Nitrogen-sulfur-boron co-doped carbon aerogel-based sulfur composite material and preparation method and application thereof

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