CN104600251A - Lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104600251A CN104600251A CN201410826024.2A CN201410826024A CN104600251A CN 104600251 A CN104600251 A CN 104600251A CN 201410826024 A CN201410826024 A CN 201410826024A CN 104600251 A CN104600251 A CN 104600251A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the steps of uniformly mixing a positive active substance, a conducting agent and a bonding agent to obtain a mixture, smearing the mixture on a current collector as an active substance layer, and drying the current collector to obtain a positive substrate; uniformly mixing a conducting agent, a bonding agent and a dispersing agent to obtain a conducting sizing agent, smearing the conducting sizing agent on the outer surface of the positive substrate as a protective layer, and drying the positive substrate to obtain the lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode. The preparation method is simple and easy to operate, easy to control and suitable for industrialized production; in the prepared lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode, the protective layer plays a role of a conducting, sulfur intercepting and electrode stabilizing structure, so that the capacity, multiplying power and cycling stability of a lithium-sulfur battery can be effectively improved, the thickness of the protective layer is easy to control, and the influence on the sulfur content of the positive electrode can be reduced as far as possible.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to lithium-sulfur cell technical field, be specifically related to a kind of lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Along with population, the growth of economy and the raising of people's living standard, demand for energy increases year by year, because fossil energy uses the environmental pollution caused also further serious.In order to reduce the dependence to fossil energy, the new energy technology based on regenerative resource is fast-developing and apply.Lithium-sulfur cell is as a kind of cheapness and have the rechargeable battery of high-energy-density (theoretical energy density of lithium-sulfur cell is up to 2600W h kg
-1), be considered to one of battery system of following most attraction.But lithium-sulfur cell technology is also faced with much from the problem of materials and systems: first, the resistivity of active material sulphur is higher by (5 × 10
-30s cm
-1, 25 DEG C); Secondly, can there is volumetric expansion in sulphur, cause sulfur electrode structural damage in cycle charge discharge electric process; Again, the polysulfide formed in cyclic process is easy to be dissolved in electrolyte, and electrode active material reduces gradually, and specific capacity reduces.These problems directly results in active material utilance reduce, cycle life reduce and capacity decline.
For solving the problem, a lot of scientific worker has carried out a lot of research in recent years, and in succession discloses many patents about lithium-sulfur cell.Wherein some method is absorbed in exploitation and is had nanostructure and sulphur composite material of good performance, is used for improving discharge capacity, service life cycle and current efficiency, but the sulfur content in composite material can significantly reduce mostly.Other methods then improve the utilance of active material by designing new cell arrangement, such as, [the Su Y S such as Arumugam Manthiram, Manthiram A. Lithium – sulphur batteries with a microporous carbon paper as a bifunctional interlayer. [J] Nature Communications, 2012, 3:1166.] between pole piece and barrier film, add a porous, electrically conductive interlayer, stop shuttling back and forth of polysulfide, reach the object improving lithium-sulfur cell chemical property, but the quality added increasing positive pole of interlayer, cause lower energy density, and the complicate fabrication process of interlayer, be unfavorable for that industrialization is produced, (application number is the Chinese patent application " a kind of lithium-sulfur cell with adsorption layer " that the building spring etc. propose: 201110092817.2) then direct one deck adsorption layer that applies on barrier film, reach the object that absorption polysulfide improves lithium-sulfur cell chemical property, but the method difficulty applying adsorption layer on barrier film is large, and battery short circuit may be caused.In addition, the Chinese patent application " a kind of multilayered structure anode composite for lithium-sulfur rechargeable battery and preparation method " (application number is: 201210538945.X) that Zhang Kai etc. propose is in traditional lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode surface sputtering layer of conductive film, object is the effect played conduction and cut sulphur, but the method is complicated, cost is higher.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is the deficiency overcoming prior art existence, a kind of lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode and preparation method thereof is provided, this lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode effectively can improve the capacity of lithium-sulfur cell, multiplying power and cyclical stability, and operation is simple for its preparation method, be easy to control, be applicable to suitability for industrialized production.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
A preparation method for lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode, mixes positive active material, conductive agent, binding agent as active material layer coating on a current collector, obtains positive electrode substrate after drying in dispersant; The electrocondution slurry be made up of conductive agent, binding agent and dispersant Homogeneous phase mixing is coated in the outer surface of positive electrode substrate as protective layer, after drying, obtains lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode.Active material layer preferably adopts the method for blade coating or spraying to be coated on collector.
Above-mentioned preparation method, preferably, the thickness of described protective layer is 150nm ~ 150 μm.
Above-mentioned preparation method, preferably, in described electrocondution slurry, the quality of conductive agent is 10 ~ 90% of conductive agent and binding agent gross mass, and the quality of dispersant is 45 ~ 95% of electrocondution slurry gross mass.
Above-mentioned preparation method, preferably, described conductive agent is one or more in conductive carbon black, acetylene black, graphite powder, porous charcoal ball, carbon nano-tube, carbon fiber, Graphene, biomass carbon; Described binding agent is one or more in polyvinyl alcohol, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyacrylic acid, carboxymethyl cellulose, TPO, polyvinylidene fluoride, Polyurethane, SBR rubber, Viton, Kynoar; Described dispersant is one or more in water, methyl alcohol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, oxolane, acetonitrile, dimethyl formamide, dimethylacetylamide, 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE.
Above-mentioned preparation method, preferably, described conductive agent, binding agent and dispersant make electrocondution slurry by one or more the mode Homogeneous phase mixing in physical grinding, mechanical ball milling, mechanical agitation.
Above-mentioned preparation method, preferably, the method that described electrocondution slurry is coated in the outer surface of positive electrode substrate is the one in knife coating, spread coating, spraying process, silk screen print method, rolling method, intaglio printing and laser printing method.
Above-mentioned preparation method, preferably, described collector is the one in aluminium foil, carbon film, aluminium net and nickel screen.Above-mentioned aluminium foil is preferably corrosive aluminum foil or covers carbon aluminium foil.
Above-mentioned preparation method, preferably, by weight percentage described active material layer comprise the positive active material of 50 ~ 90%, the conductive agent of 5 ~ 30% and 5 ~ 20% binding agent; Described positive active material be elemental sulfur, sulfide, containing one or more in sulfur compound.
Above-mentioned preparation method, preferably, described sulfide is one or more in inorganic sulphide, organic sulfur compound, sulfur-bearing complex, described is sulphur carbon composite containing sulfur compound, sulphur polymer composites, organic sulfur compound, one or more in metal sulfide and composite material thereof, and be 5% ~ 100% containing the mass percentage of sulphur in sulfur compound, wherein, carbon in sulphur carbon composite is porous carbon, carbon nano-tube, Graphene or carbon fiber, polymer in sulphur polymer composites is polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, poly-dopamine, one or more in polyethylene glycol oxide, metal sulfide is iron sulfide, nickel sulfide, cobalt sulfide, artificial gold, copper sulfide, one or more in titanium sulfide.In above-mentioned sulfur compound, the mass percentage of sulphur is preferably 5% ~ 95%; Sulphur carbon composite is preferably porous carbon-sulfur compound, carbon nano-tube-sulfur compound, graphene-sulfur compound or carbon fiber-sulfur compound; Sulphur polymer composites is preferably polyaniline-sulfur compound, polypyrrole-sulfur compound, polythiophene-sulfur compound.
The present invention also provides a kind of above-mentioned preparation method the lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode obtained.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the present invention applies the electrocondution slurry of one deck containing conductive agent, binding agent and dispersant on traditional positive pole plate of lithium-sulfur cell, protective layer is formed after electrocondution slurry drying, protective layer containing conductive agent plays conduction, cuts sulphur effect, not only further increase the conductivity of electrode, and polysulfide can be stoped in cyclic process to be dissolved in electrolyte, can suppress significantly " effect of shuttling back and forth "; Meanwhile, in protective layer, the caking property of bonding agent can also play the effect of stabilized electrodes structure; In addition, the protective layer that electrocondution slurry drying is formed afterwards is a kind of loose structure, is conducive to the infiltration of electrolyte.The features such as protective layer adopts coating method to be formed, and its scheme is simple, be easy to operation, has coating thickness controlled, and materials are few, and substantially do not change the quality of pole piece, thus total sulfur content can be improved as much as possible.The capacity that the battery utilizing lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode of the present invention to assemble has is high, the advantage such as multiplying power and good cycling stability.
In sum, the present invention be a kind of simple to operate, scheme is easy, be easy to control the method preparing the good lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode of chemical property.Lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode prepared by the method obviously can improve the specific discharge capacity of lithium-sulfur cell, high rate performance and cyclical stability.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the cycle performance curve chart of the lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode that embodiment 1 and comparative example obtain.
Marginal data:
1, collector; 2, active material layer; 3, protective layer.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
Comparative example:
By elemental sulfur, conductive black and Kynoar in mass ratio for the amount of 7:2:1 is dispersed in 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE (NMP), after carrying out sufficient mechanical agitation, blade coating is in aluminum foil current collector, and vacuumize 24h at the temperature of 60 DEG C, is directly compressed into the electrode slice that diameter is 10mm.
Using the electrode slice of above-mentioned preparation as positive pole, lithium sheet, as negative pole, is assembled into CR2025 button cell in the glove box being full of argon gas, is 25 DEG C in temperature, deboost is 1.7 ~ 3.0V, and charging and discharging currents density is carry out electrochemical property test under the condition of 0.5C.Test result as be positioned in Fig. 2 below curve shown in, can find out that battery first discharge specific capacity is 790mAh/g, 100 times circulation after specific capacity be 424mAh/g.
Embodiment 1:
By elemental sulfur, conductive black and Kynoar in mass ratio for the amount of 7:2:1 is dispersed in 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE (NMP), after carrying out sufficient mechanical agitation, blade coating is in aluminum foil current collector 1, at the temperature of 60 DEG C, vacuumize 24h, prepares the positive electrode substrate with active material layer 2.
The amount of conductive carbon black and Kynoar 8:2 is in mass ratio dispersed in 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE (NMP); utilize mechanical agitation to mix and obtain electrocondution slurry; with hairbrush electrocondution slurry brushed gently and form protective layer 3 in the positive electrode substrate with active material layer 2; at the temperature of 60 DEG C after vacuumize; obtain lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode; as shown in Figure 1, wherein the thickness of protective layer 3 is 35 μm to its structure.And then be pressed into the electrode slice that diameter is 10mm.
Using the electrode slice of above-mentioned preparation as positive pole, using lithium sheet as negative pole, being assembled into CR2025 button cell in the glove box being full of argon gas, is 25 DEG C in temperature, deboost is 1.7 ~ 3.0V, and charging and discharging currents density is carry out electrochemical property test under the condition of 0.5C.Test result as be positioned in Fig. 2 top curve shown in, can find out that battery first discharge specific capacity is 1255mAh/g, after 100 circulations, specific capacity is 811mAh/g, compared to comparative example, after adopting the lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode of the present embodiment, significantly improve the specific discharge capacity of lithium-sulfur cell, high rate performance and cyclical stability.
Embodiment 2:
By elemental sulfur, conductive black and polyvinyl alcohol in mass ratio for the amount of 6:3:1 mixes, after carrying out sufficient mechanical agitation, blade coating is in aluminum foil current collector 1, and vacuumize 24h at the temperature of 70 DEG C, prepares the positive electrode substrate with active material layer 2.
The amount of conductive carbon black and Kynoar 7:3 is in mass ratio dispersed in 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE (NMP); hand lapping is to Homogeneous phase mixing; obtain protective layer slurry; by protective layer slurry gently blade coating in the positive electrode substrate with active material layer 2, form protective layer 3; at the temperature of 80 DEG C after vacuumize; obtain lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode, wherein the thickness of protective layer 3 is 20 μm, and then is pressed into the electrode slice that diameter is 10mm.
Using the electrode slice of above-mentioned preparation as positive pole, using lithium sheet as negative pole, adopt the method in embodiment 1 to carry out electrochemical property test, recording battery first discharge specific capacity is 1231mAh/g, and after 100 circulations, specific capacity is 783mAh/g.
Embodiment 3:
By carbon nano-tube-sulphur composite material, conductive black and polyacrylic acid in mass ratio for the amount of 8:1:1 is dispersed in water, hand lapping is to mixing, blade coating is in aluminum foil current collector 1, and at the temperature of 100 DEG C, vacuumize 24h, prepares the positive electrode substrate with active material layer 2.
The amount being 6:4 in mass ratio by carbon nano-tube and Kynoar is dispersed in 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE (NMP); hand lapping is to Homogeneous phase mixing; obtain protective layer slurry; with bubbler protective layer slurry is sprayed on gently in the positive electrode substrate with active material layer 2 and forms protective layer 3; at the temperature of 50 DEG C after vacuumize; obtain lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode, wherein the thickness of protective layer 3 is 15 μm, and then is pressed into the electrode slice that diameter is 10mm.
Using the electrode slice of above-mentioned preparation as positive pole, using lithium sheet as negative pole, adopt the method in embodiment 1 to carry out electrochemical property test, recording battery first discharge specific capacity is 1121mAh/g, and after 100 circulations, specific capacity is 763mAh/g.
Embodiment 4:
By sulphur-polyaniline composite material, cassava carbon and Kynoar in mass ratio for the amount of 5:3:2 is dispersed in 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE (NMP), after carrying out sufficient mechanical agitation, blade coating is on carbon film collector 1, at the temperature of 70 DEG C, vacuumize 24h, prepares the positive electrode substrate with active material layer 2.
By carbon nano-tube and polyacrylic acid in mass ratio 8:2 measure and be dispersed in 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE (NMP); hand lapping is to Homogeneous phase mixing; obtain protective layer slurry; by protective layer slurry gently blade coating in the positive electrode substrate with active material layer 2, form protective layer 3; at the temperature of 60 DEG C after vacuumize; obtain lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode, wherein the thickness of protective layer 3 is 80 μm, and then is pressed into the electrode slice that diameter is 10mm.
Using the electrode slice of above-mentioned preparation as positive pole, using lithium sheet as negative pole, adopt the method in embodiment 1 to carry out electrochemical property test, battery first discharge specific capacity is 1220mAh/g, and after 100 circulations, specific capacity is 781mAh/g.
Claims (10)
1. a preparation method for lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode, is characterized in that: positive active material, conductive agent, binding agent are mixed in dispersant as active material layer coating on a current collector, obtain positive electrode substrate after drying; The electrocondution slurry be made up of conductive agent, binding agent and dispersant Homogeneous phase mixing is coated in the outer surface of positive electrode substrate as protective layer, after drying, obtains lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode.
2. the preparation method of lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the thickness of described protective layer is 150 nm ~ 150 μm.
3. the preparation method of lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described electrocondution slurry, the quality of conductive agent is 10 ~ 90% of conductive agent and binding agent gross mass, and the quality of dispersant is 45 ~ 95% of electrocondution slurry gross mass.
4. the preparation method of lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described conductive agent is one or more in conductive carbon black, acetylene black, graphite powder, porous charcoal ball, carbon nano-tube, carbon fiber, Graphene, biomass carbon; Described binding agent is one or more in polyvinyl alcohol, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyacrylic acid, carboxymethyl cellulose, TPO, polyvinylidene fluoride, Polyurethane, SBR rubber, Viton, Kynoar; Described dispersant is one or more in water, methyl alcohol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, oxolane, acetonitrile, dimethyl formamide, dimethylacetylamide, 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE.
5. the preparation method of lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described conductive agent, binding agent and dispersant make electrocondution slurry by one or more the mode Homogeneous phase mixing in physical grinding, mechanical ball milling, mechanical agitation.
6. the preparation method of lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the method that described electrocondution slurry is coated in the outer surface of positive electrode substrate is the one in knife coating, spread coating, spraying process, silk screen print method, rolling method, intaglio printing and laser printing method.
7. the preparation method of lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described collector is the one in aluminium foil, carbon film, aluminium net and nickel screen.
8. the preparation method of lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode according to claim 1, is characterized in that: by weight percentage described active material layer comprise the positive active material of 50 ~ 90%, the conductive agent of 5 ~ 30% and 5 ~ 20% binding agent; Described positive active material be elemental sulfur, sulfide, containing one or more in sulfur compound.
9. the preparation method of lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode according to claim 8, is characterized in that: described sulfide is one or more in inorganic sulphide, organic sulfur compound, sulfur-bearing complex, described is sulphur carbon composite containing sulfur compound, sulphur polymer composites, organic sulfur compound, one or more in metal sulfide and composite material thereof, and be 5% ~ 100% containing the mass percentage of sulphur in sulfur compound, wherein, carbon in sulphur carbon composite is porous carbon, carbon nano-tube, Graphene or carbon fiber, polymer in sulphur polymer composites is polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, poly-dopamine, one or more in polyethylene glycol oxide, metal sulfide is iron sulfide, nickel sulfide, cobalt sulfide, artificial gold, copper sulfide, one or more in titanium sulfide.
10. the lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode that the preparation method according to any one of a claim 1 to 9 obtains.
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| CN105374982A (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-03-02 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十八研究所 | Electrode structure of lithium sulfur battery and processing technology therefor |
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