CN107457403A - A kind of system and method for the laser 3D printing hot-work die on potassium steel matrix - Google Patents

A kind of system and method for the laser 3D printing hot-work die on potassium steel matrix Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107457403A
CN107457403A CN201710542039.XA CN201710542039A CN107457403A CN 107457403 A CN107457403 A CN 107457403A CN 201710542039 A CN201710542039 A CN 201710542039A CN 107457403 A CN107457403 A CN 107457403A
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China
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hot
powder
work die
laser
printing
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Inventor
秦训鹏
刘华明
华林
倪茂
雷凯云
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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Priority to CN201710542039.XA priority Critical patent/CN107457403A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/30—Platforms or substrates
    • B22F12/33—Platforms or substrates translatory in the deposition plane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/32—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/20—Cooling means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/53—Nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/70—Gas flow means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/007—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/66—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by mechanical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/44—Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of system and method for the laser 3D printing hot-work die on potassium steel matrix, the system includes：Optical Maser System, apparatus for supplying cool water, air feed system, dust feeder, digital control system and three axle servomechanism installations are protected, laser head and powder-feeding nozzle are connected with Optical Maser System；Wherein：Laser head and powder-feeding nozzle make three-dimensional continuous moving under the control of three axle servomechanism installations；Laser beam is sent by laser head as caused by Optical Maser System, and the metal dust sent out with powder-feeding nozzle acts on, and realizes that the point-by-point of hot-work die successively prints.This method comprises the following steps：1) design of potassium steel matrix and preparation；2) printing path is planned；3) hot-work die prints；4) hot-work die type face is handled；5) hot-work die detects.The present invention uses potassium steel that is cheap and having work hardening capacity to have the advantages that to reduce hot-work die manufacturing cost, extend die life and shorten mold developing cycle as hot-work die matrix.

Description

A kind of system and method for the laser 3D printing hot-work die on potassium steel matrix
Technical field
The present invention relates to laser 3D printing technical field, more particularly to one kind laser 3D printing heat on potassium steel matrix to make The system and method for mould.
Background technology
Laser 3D printing is a kind of advanced rapid shaping technique, and its principle is that metal dust is heated using laser And quickly solidify, then by controlling the motion of laser head to realize the layer upon layer of metal material, ultimately form metallic element Product, it is a kind of increasing material manufacturing method, compared with tradition subtracts material manufacture etc., laser 3D printing has manufacturing based on digital, can manufactured Complex structural member, shorten many advantages, such as product development cycle and reduction precious metal parts manufacturing cost, be widely used in The fields such as personalized customization, product are developed in advance, the preoperative simulation of doctor.
Hot-work die is the basic frock for shaping automobile important spare part, often in working conditions such as high temperature, heavy duties, thus The failure such as heat fatigue, abrasion, plastic deformation and fracture often occurs, has a strong impact on the mold use life-span.According to statistics, China's steel The service life of hot forged mould is generally 5000~6000 times.In addition, mold developing cycle is long, cost is high, therefore, exploitation is a kind of The process of die manufacturing cost can be reduced, is one of ordinary skill in the art's urgent problem to be solved.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention be for mold developing cycle is long in the prior art, cost is high the defects of, A kind of system and method for the laser 3D printing hot-work die on potassium steel matrix is provided.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：
The present invention provides a kind of system of the laser 3D printing hot-work die on potassium steel matrix, including：Optical Maser System, Apparatus for supplying cool water, air feed system, dust feeder, digital control system and three axle servomechanism installations are protected, connected on Optical Maser System It is connected to laser head and powder-feeding nozzle；Wherein：
Apparatus for supplying cool water, protection air feed system and dust feeder are connected with powder-feeding nozzle, and protective gas passes through After dust feeder, the metal dust in dust feeder is driven to enter in powder-feeding nozzle；Three axle servomechanism installations include vertical conveyor Structure and horizontal displacement mechanism；Laser head and powder-feeding nozzle are arranged on vertical lifting mechanism, and mould to be printed is fixed on horizontal position On telephone-moving structure；Three axle servomechanism installations and Optical Maser System are connected with data system, and digital control system is by controlling vertical conveyor Structure and horizontal displacement mechanism, realize the control of laser head and powder-feeding nozzle in mould upper direction track to be printed；Meanwhile numerical control System control Optical Maser System produce laser beam, laser beam by after laser head with the metal dust phase separation in powder-feeding nozzle, Metal dust solidifies after melting on mould to be printed, realizes the printing of hot-work die.
Further, it is connected between protection air feed system and dust feeder of the invention by powder feeding supply air line, is protected Protect between air feed system and powder-feeding nozzle by protecting air pipe to be connected, it is defeated by powder between dust feeder and powder-feeding nozzle Pipeline is sent to be connected；Protective gas enters dust feeder by powder feeding supply air line, through powder conduit road together with metal dust It is delivered to powder-feeding nozzle.
Further, horizontal displacement mechanism of the invention includes X-axis device and Y-axis device, and vertical lifting mechanism fills for Z axis Put；Mould to be printed is arranged on Y-axis device, and mould to be printed carries out horizontal fortune under the drive of X-axis device and Y-axis device It is dynamic；Laser head and powder-feeding nozzle are fixed on Z axis device, and laser head and powder-feeding nozzle are carried out vertically under the drive of Z axis device Lifting.
Further, the system of the invention also includes optical path switching device, and the laser beam that laser device is sent passes through Optical path switching device enters laser head after being reflected.
Further, powder-feeding nozzle of the invention is made up of copper material, and using coaxial powder-feeding form, its profile is circular cone Shape, it is hollow that for circle, inside, cooling-water duct and protection gas passage are set；
Connected between powder-feeding nozzle and apparatus for supplying cool water by coolant outlet hose road and coolant intake pipe road, when When apparatus for supplying cool water starts, cooling water enters the cooling-water duct of powder-feeding nozzle by coolant outlet hose road, to powder feeding Nozzle is cooled down, and is then back to apparatus for supplying cool water through coolant intake pipe road.
Further, powder feeding supply air line of the invention, powder conduit road and protection air pipe use circular hollow Silica gel hose is made.
Further, coolant outlet hose road of the invention and coolant intake pipe road use circular hollow metal control Into.
Further, mould to be printed of the invention includes being arranged on the potassium steel matrix and potassium steel matrix of bottom beating Print the hot-work die completed.
The present invention provides a kind of method of the laser 3D printing hot-work die on potassium steel matrix, comprises the following steps：
S1, the design of potassium steel matrix and preparation：Potassium steel matrix is designed according to the cavity structure of hot-work die to be printed, Potassium steel matrix uses rectangular shape, and the size of its horizontal plane should be consistent with design hot-work die horizontal plane size, erect Nogata to size then according to hot-work die die cavity depth capacity size determine, when preparing potassium steel matrix, tackle its surface and enter Row decontamination processing；
S2, printing path planning：By the threedimensional model of the hot-work die to be printed of design and potassium steel matrix three-dimensional mould Type carries out boolean and seeks difference operation, obtains hot-work die threedimensional model to be printed, carrying out layering to hot-work die threedimensional model cuts Piece processing, obtains model slice profile, and then carrying out path planning to slicing profile generates for laser head movement locus, to swashing Optical movement track carries out data processing and obtains the instruction acted for three axle servomechanism installations of control, by the instruction input numerical control system In system；
S3, hot-work die printing：Required according to the hot-work die type face physical dimension to be printed of design, performance, Optimization obtains laser 3D printing technological parameter and dusty material, and potassium steel matrix is fixed on into laser 3D printing hot-work die system On X-axis device and Y-axis device, start laser 3D printing hot-work die system, digital control system control Optical Maser System sends laser Beam, while the movement of three axle servomechanism installations is controlled, dust feeder sends out metal dust, apparatus for supplying cool water root according to technological parameter Cooling water is exported according to technological parameter, protection air feed system carries out protecting gas conveying, laser beam and metal powder according to technological parameter End fusing and then solidification on potassium steel matrix, the 3D printing of hot-work die is realized by the continuous motion of three axle servomechanism installations；
S4, the processing of hot-work die type face：According to the geometric accuracy requirement of design hot-work die, the heat completed to printing Make die face and carry out skin processing processing；
S5, hot-work die detection：Printing hot-work die after handling type face carries out carrying out flaw detection, and carrying out flaw detection includes splitting Line detects and gas hole defect detection, is come into operation after detection is qualified.
The beneficial effect comprise that：The system of laser 3D printing hot-work die on potassium steel matrix of the present invention And method, by preparing hot-work die on cheap potassium steel matrix, effectively reduce hot-work die manufacturing cost；Using Laser 3D printing method with direct forming hardware feature prepares hot-work die, and mold developing cycle is greatly shortened, Development cost are saved；Because potassium steel has work hardening capacity so that hot-work die under arms during bottom obtain by force Change, extend the mold use life-span.
Brief description of the drawings
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described, in accompanying drawing：
Fig. 1 is the schematic device of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is potassium steel matrix schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the printing hot-work die process schematic on potassium steel matrix.
Fig. 4 is that print die completes schematic diagram.
In figure：1- apparatus for supplying cool water；2- protects air feed system；3- dust feeders；4- powder feeding supply air lines；5- powder Last transfer pipeline；6- protects air pipe；7- powder-feeding nozzles；8- laser heads；9- optical path switching devices；10- laser beams；11- laser Device system；12- digital control systems；13-Z shaft devices；14-X shaft devices；15- moulds to be printed；16-Y shaft devices；17- cooling waters are defeated Go out pipeline；18- coolant intake pipes road；19- potassium steel matrixes；The hot-work die that 20- printings are completed.
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, it is right below in conjunction with drawings and Examples The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only to explain the present invention, not For limiting the present invention.
As shown in figure 1, the system of laser 3D printing hot-work die on potassium steel matrix of the embodiment of the present invention, including： Optical Maser System 11, apparatus for supplying cool water 1, protection air feed system 2, dust feeder 3, the axle servo of digital control system 12 and three dress Put, laser head 8 and powder-feeding nozzle 7 are connected with Optical Maser System 11；Wherein：
Apparatus for supplying cool water 1, protection air feed system 2 and dust feeder 3 are connected with powder-feeding nozzle 7, protective gas After dust feeder 3, the metal dust in dust feeder 3 is driven to enter in powder-feeding nozzle 7；Three axle servomechanism installations include vertical Elevating mechanism and horizontal displacement mechanism；Laser head 8 and powder-feeding nozzle 7 are arranged on vertical lifting mechanism, and mould 15 to be printed is solid It is scheduled in horizontal displacement mechanism；Three axle servomechanism installations and Optical Maser System 11 are connected with data system 12, and digital control system 12 is logical Control vertical lifting mechanism and horizontal displacement mechanism are crossed, realizes laser head 8 and powder-feeding nozzle 7 in the upper direction of mould 15 to be printed The control of track；Meanwhile digital control system 12 controls Optical Maser System 11 to produce laser beam 10, after laser beam 10 is by laser head 8 With the metal dust phase separation in powder-feeding nozzle 7, metal dust solidifies after melting on mould 15 to be printed, realizes hot-work die Printing.
Protection air feed system 2 and dust feeder 3 between be connected by powder feeding supply air line 4, protect air feed system 2 and By protecting air pipe 6 to be connected between powder-feeding nozzle 7, pass through the phase of powder conduit road 5 between dust feeder 3 and powder-feeding nozzle 7 Even；Protective gas enters dust feeder 3 by powder feeding supply air line 4, is delivered to together with metal dust through powder conduit road 5 Powder-feeding nozzle 7.
Horizontal displacement mechanism includes X-axis device 14 and Y-axis device 16, and vertical lifting mechanism is Z axis device 13；Mould to be printed Tool 15 is arranged on Y-axis device 16, and mould 15 to be printed carries out horizontal movement under the drive of X-axis device 14 and Y-axis device 16； Laser head 8 and powder-feeding nozzle 7 are fixed on Z axis device 13, and laser head 8 and powder-feeding nozzle 7 are carried out under the drive of Z axis device 13 Vertical lift.
The system also includes optical path switching device 9, and the laser beam 10 that laser device 11 is sent passes through optical path switching device 9 Enter laser head 8 after being reflected.
Powder-feeding nozzle 7 is made up of copper material, and using coaxial powder-feeding form, its profile is cone, hollow to be circular, interior Portion sets cooling-water duct and protection gas passage；
Pass through coolant outlet hose road 17 and coolant intake pipe road 18 between powder-feeding nozzle 7 and apparatus for supplying cool water 1 Connection, when apparatus for supplying cool water 1 starts, cooling water enters the cooling water of powder-feeding nozzle 7 by coolant outlet hose road 17 Passage, powder-feeding nozzle 7 is cooled down, be then back to apparatus for supplying cool water 1 through coolant intake pipe road 18.
Powder feeding supply air line 4, powder conduit road 5 and protection air pipe 6 are made of circular hollow silica gel hose.It is cold But water delivery pipe road 17 and coolant intake pipe road 18 are made of circular hollow metal tube.Mould 15 to be printed includes setting The hot-work die 20 of completion is printed on the potassium steel matrix 19 and potassium steel matrix 19 of bottom.
The method of laser 3D printing hot-work die on potassium steel matrix of the embodiment of the present invention, comprises the following steps：
S1, the design of potassium steel matrix and preparation：Potassium steel matrix is designed according to the cavity structure of hot-work die to be printed, Potassium steel matrix uses rectangular shape, and the size of its horizontal plane should be consistent with design hot-work die horizontal plane size, erect Nogata to size then according to hot-work die die cavity depth capacity size determine, when preparing potassium steel matrix, tackle its surface and enter Row decontamination processing；
S2, printing path planning：By the threedimensional model of the hot-work die to be printed of design and potassium steel matrix three-dimensional mould Type carries out boolean and seeks difference operation, obtains hot-work die threedimensional model to be printed, carrying out layering to hot-work die threedimensional model cuts Piece processing, obtains model slice profile, and then carrying out path planning to slicing profile generates for laser head movement locus, to swashing Optical movement track carries out data processing and obtains the instruction acted for three axle servomechanism installations of control, by the instruction input numerical control system In system；
S3, hot-work die printing：Required according to the hot-work die type face physical dimension to be printed of design, performance, Optimization obtains laser 3D printing technological parameter and dusty material, and potassium steel matrix is fixed on into laser 3D printing hot-work die system On X-axis device and Y-axis device, start laser 3D printing hot-work die system, digital control system control Optical Maser System sends laser Beam, while the movement of three axle servomechanism installations is controlled, dust feeder sends out metal dust, apparatus for supplying cool water root according to technological parameter Cooling water is exported according to technological parameter, protection air feed system carries out protecting gas conveying, laser beam and metal powder according to technological parameter End fusing and then solidification on potassium steel matrix, the 3D printing of hot-work die is realized by the continuous motion of three axle servomechanism installations；
S4, the processing of hot-work die type face：According to the geometric accuracy requirement of design hot-work die, the heat completed to printing Make die face and carry out skin processing processing；
S5, hot-work die detection：Printing hot-work die after handling type face carries out carrying out flaw detection, and carrying out flaw detection includes splitting Line detects and gas hole defect detection, is come into operation after detection is qualified.
In another specific embodiment of the present invention：
The system of laser 3D printing hot-work die on potassium steel matrix, its structure are as shown in Figure 1：Mainly by laser system System 11, apparatus for supplying cool water 1, protection air feed system 2, dust feeder 3, the axle servomechanism installation of digital control system 12 and three, and Laser head 8, powder-feeding nozzle 7 by Three-axis drive form, wherein：Laser head 8 and powder-feeding nozzle 7 are under the control of three axle servomechanism installations Make three-dimensional continuous moving；Laser beam 10 is sent by laser head 8 as caused by Optical Maser System 11, and is sent out with powder-feeding nozzle 7 Metal dust effect, realize that the point-by-point of hot-work die successively prints；The switch of three axle servomechanism installations and Optical Maser System 11 By digital control system 12 (such as：Guangzhou numerical control system G SK980MDc) control.
The protection air feed system 2 is connected with dust feeder 3 by powder feeding supply air line 4, protective gas (such as：Argon Gas) dust feeder entered by powder feeding supply air line 4, it is delivered to powder-feeding nozzle through powder conduit road 5 together with metal dust 7。
The powder feeding supply air line 4 and powder conduit road 5 are made of circular hollow silica gel hose.
The three axles servomechanism installation, by controlling the servo control mechanism of X-axis, Y-axis, Z axis to form respectively, wherein：X-axis, Y-axis control Workpiece makees the motion of horizontal direction, and Z axis control laser head and powder-feeding nozzle make the motion of vertical direction.
The powder-feeding nozzle 7 be with copper material (such as：Cu235) it is made, using coaxial powder-feeding form, its profile is circle Taper, it is hollow that for circle, inside, cooling-water duct and protection gas passage are set；Between powder-feeding nozzle 7 and apparatus for supplying cool water 1 Connected using coolant outlet hose road 17, when apparatus for supplying cool water 1 starts, cooling water is entered by coolant outlet hose road 17 Enter the cooling-water duct of powder-feeding nozzle 7, powder-feeding nozzle 7 is cooled down, be then back to cooling through coolant intake pipe road 18 Water feeder 1；By protecting air pipe 6 to connect between powder-feeding nozzle 7 and protection air feed system 2, when protection gas supply dress When putting 2 unlatching, protective gas caused by air feed system 2 is protected to lead to by protecting air pipe 6 to enter the protection gas of powder-feeding nozzle 7 Road, and deliver to laser action region through the outlet of powder-feeding nozzle 7.
The coolant outlet hose road 17 and coolant intake pipe road 18 are made of circular hollow metal tube, the guarantor Shield air pipe 6 is made up of circular hollow silica gel hose.
A kind of method of the laser 3D printing hot-work die on potassium steel matrix, comprises the following steps:
1) design of potassium steel matrix and preparation：Potassium steel matrix 19 is designed according to the hot-work die cavity structure that need to be printed, As shown in Fig. 2 potassium steel matrix 19 uses rectangular shape (size is l × w × h in the present embodiment), the size of its horizontal plane (being l × w in the present embodiment) should be consistent with design die horizontal face size, and the size of vertical direction (is in the present embodiment H) then determined according to hot-work die die cavity depth capacity size, when preparing potassium steel matrix 19, its surface should be carried out at decontamination Reason；
2) printing path is planned：The threedimensional model for designing hot-work die is carried out into boolean with high-manganese steel-base body three-dimensional models to ask Difference operation, hot-work die threedimensional model to be printed is obtained, hierarchy slicing processing is carried out to the mould threedimensional model, obtains model Slicing profile, path planning then is carried out to slicing profile and generated for laser head movement locus, the track is carried out at data Reason obtains the instruction for being used for controlling the action of three axle servomechanism installations, by the instruction input digital control system；
3) mould prints：According to design hot-work die type face physical dimension, performance requirement, optimization is suitably swashed (in the present embodiment, technological parameter and its preferred scope are light 3D printing technological parameter：Laser power 1500W~2500W, send Powder 3~8g/min of rate, 5~12L/min of cooling water flow, protection air pressure 0.1~0.5MPa) and dusty material (in the present embodiment In, from H13 alloy powders), potassium steel matrix (as shown in Figure 3) is fixed on laser 3D printing hot-work die system X, Y-axis On device, start laser 3D printing hot-work die system, digital control system control Optical Maser System sends laser beam, while controls three Axle servomechanism installation is moved, and dust feeder is sent out according to technological parameter (in the present embodiment, preferable powder feeding rate is 4.5g/min) Metal dust, apparatus for supplying cool water are defeated according to technological parameter (in the present embodiment, preferable cooling water flow is 7L/min) Go out cooling water, protection air feed system is carried out according to technological parameter (in the present embodiment, preferably protection air pressure is 0.15MPa) Gas conveying is protected, laser beam and metal dust melt and then solidified on potassium steel matrix, pass through the continuous of three axle servomechanism installations The 3D printing (as shown in Figure 4) of hot-work die is realized in motion；
4) die face is handled：According to the geometric accuracy requirement of design hot-work die, the Forming Die completed to printing Have 20 type faces and carry out skin processing processing (in the present embodiment using the CNC milling machine processing mold type face with five-axle linkage)；
5) mould detects：Printing hot-work die after handling type face carries out carrying out flaw detection (in the present embodiment, from super Sound wave non-destructive detecting device carries out carrying out flaw detection), it is desirable to flawless, gas hole defect, come into operation after detection is qualified.
It should be appreciated that for those of ordinary skills, can according to the above description be improved or converted, And all these modifications and variations should all belong to the protection domain of appended claims of the present invention.

Claims (9)

  1. A kind of 1. system of the laser 3D printing hot-work die on potassium steel matrix, it is characterised in that including：Optical Maser System (11), apparatus for supplying cool water (1), protection air feed system (2), dust feeder (3), digital control system (12) and three axle servos dress Put, laser head (8) and powder-feeding nozzle (7) are connected with Optical Maser System (11)；Wherein：
    Apparatus for supplying cool water (1), protection air feed system (2) and dust feeder (3) are connected with powder-feeding nozzle (7), protect After gas is by dust feeder (3), the metal dust in dust feeder (3) is driven to enter in powder-feeding nozzle (7)；Three axle servos fill Put including vertical lifting mechanism and horizontal displacement mechanism；Laser head (8) and powder-feeding nozzle (7) are arranged on vertical lifting mechanism, Mould (15) to be printed is fixed in horizontal displacement mechanism；Three axle servomechanism installations and Optical Maser System (11) are and data system (12) it is connected, digital control system (12) realizes laser head (8) and powder feeding spray by controlling vertical lifting mechanism and horizontal displacement mechanism Control of the mouth (7) in mould to be printed (15) upper direction track；Meanwhile digital control system (12) control Optical Maser System (11) production Raw laser beam (10), laser beam (10) by laser head (8) afterwards with the metal dust phase separation in powder-feeding nozzle (7), metal powder End solidifies after melting on mould to be printed (15), realizes the printing of hot-work die.
  2. 2. the system of the laser 3D printing hot-work die according to claim 1 on potassium steel matrix, it is characterised in that protect It is connected between shield air feed system (2) and dust feeder (3) by powder feeding supply air line (4), protection air feed system (2) is with sending By protecting air pipe (6) to be connected between powder nozzle (7), pass through powder conduit between dust feeder (3) and powder-feeding nozzle (7) Road (5) is connected；Protective gas enters dust feeder (3) by powder feeding supply air line (4), is conveyed together with metal dust through powder Pipeline (5) is delivered to powder-feeding nozzle (7).
  3. 3. the system of the laser 3D printing hot-work die according to claim 1 on potassium steel matrix, it is characterised in that water Flat displacement mechanism includes X-axis device (14) and Y-axis device (16), and vertical lifting mechanism is Z axis device (13)；Mould to be printed (15) it is arranged on Y-axis device (16), mould (15) to be printed is carried out under the drive of X-axis device (14) and Y-axis device (16) Horizontal movement；Laser head (8) and powder-feeding nozzle (7) are fixed on Z axis device (13), and laser head (8) and powder-feeding nozzle (7) are in Z It is vertically moved up or down under the drive of shaft device (13).
  4. 4. the system of the laser 3D printing hot-work die according to claim 1 on potassium steel matrix, it is characterised in that should System also includes optical path switching device (9), and the laser beam (10) that laser device (11) is sent is entered by optical path switching device (9) Enter laser head (8) after row reflection.
  5. 5. the system of the laser 3D printing hot-work die according to claim 1 on potassium steel matrix, it is characterised in that send Powder nozzle (7) is made up of copper material, and using coaxial powder-feeding form, its profile is cone, hollow to set cold for circle, inside But aquaporin and protection gas passage；
    Pass through coolant outlet hose road (17) and coolant intake pipe road between powder-feeding nozzle (7) and apparatus for supplying cool water (1) (18) connect, when apparatus for supplying cool water (1) starts, cooling water enters powder-feeding nozzle by coolant outlet hose road (17) (7) cooling-water duct, powder-feeding nozzle (7) is cooled down, being then back to cooling water through coolant intake pipe road (18) supplies Give device (1).
  6. 6. the system of the laser 3D printing hot-work die according to claim 2 on potassium steel matrix, it is characterised in that send Powder supply air line (4), powder conduit road (5) and protection air pipe (6) are made of circular hollow silica gel hose.
  7. 7. the system of the laser 3D printing hot-work die according to claim 5 on potassium steel matrix, it is characterised in that cold But water delivery pipe road (17) and coolant intake pipe road (18) are made of circular hollow metal tube.
  8. 8. the system of the laser 3D printing hot-work die according to claim 1 on potassium steel matrix, it is characterised in that treat Print die (15) includes being arranged on the Forming Die for printing completion on the potassium steel matrix (19) and potassium steel matrix (19) of bottom Have (20).
  9. A kind of 9. method of the laser 3D printing hot-work die on potassium steel matrix, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
    S1, the design of potassium steel matrix and preparation：Potassium steel matrix, Gao Meng are designed according to the cavity structure of hot-work die to be printed Steel matrix uses rectangular shape, and the size of its horizontal plane should be consistent with design hot-work die horizontal plane size, vertical side To size then according to hot-work die die cavity depth capacity size determine, when preparing potassium steel matrix, its surface should be gone Dirt processing；
    S2, printing path planning：The threedimensional model of the hot-work die to be printed of design is entered with high-manganese steel-base body three-dimensional models Row boolean seeks difference operation, obtains hot-work die threedimensional model to be printed, and hot-work die threedimensional model is carried out at hierarchy slicing Reason, model slice profile is obtained, then carrying out path planning to slicing profile generates for laser head movement locus, to laser head Movement locus carries out data processing and obtains the instruction acted for three axle servomechanism installations of control, by the instruction input digital control system In；
    S3, hot-work die printing：According to the hot-work die type face physical dimension to be printed of design, performance requirement, optimization Laser 3D printing technological parameter and dusty material are obtained, potassium steel matrix is fixed on laser 3D printing hot-work die system X-axis On device and Y-axis device, starting laser 3D printing hot-work die system, digital control system control Optical Maser System sends laser beam, Simultaneously control three axle servomechanism installations movement, dust feeder according to technological parameter send out metal dust, apparatus for supplying cool water according to Technological parameter exports cooling water, and protection air feed system carries out protecting gas conveying, laser beam and metal dust according to technological parameter Fusing and then solidification, the 3D printing of hot-work die is realized by the continuous motion of three axle servomechanism installations on potassium steel matrix；
    S4, the processing of hot-work die type face：According to the geometric accuracy requirement of design hot-work die, the Forming Die completed to printing Tool type face carries out skin processing processing；
    S5, hot-work die detection：Printing hot-work die after handling type face carries out carrying out flaw detection, and carrying out flaw detection is examined including crackle Survey and gas hole defect detects, come into operation after detection is qualified.
CN201710542039.XA 2017-07-05 2017-07-05 A kind of system and method for the laser 3D printing hot-work die on potassium steel matrix Pending CN107457403A (en)

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CN108161009A (en) * 2018-02-02 2018-06-15 湖南大学 A kind of precinct laser cladding and grinding In-situ reaction manufacturing device
CN108396318A (en) * 2018-02-26 2018-08-14 湖南大学 A kind of precinct laser cladding and grinding In-situ reaction manufacturing method
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Application publication date: 20171212