CN105499578A - Pressure casting polar coordinate 3D printing device and method - Google Patents
Pressure casting polar coordinate 3D printing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105499578A CN105499578A CN201610027458.5A CN201610027458A CN105499578A CN 105499578 A CN105499578 A CN 105499578A CN 201610027458 A CN201610027458 A CN 201610027458A CN 105499578 A CN105499578 A CN 105499578A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/115—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by spraying molten metal, i.e. spray sintering, spray casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
Abstract
The invention discloses a pressure casting polar coordinate 3D printing device and method. The device comprises a printing head, a feeding device, a polar coordinate movement control device, a plane coordinate movement control device and a movement control and technology control system, wherein the printing head and the feeding device are used for heat preservation, conveying and quantitative extrusion of aluminum and aluminum alloy in a high-temperature molten state; the polar coordinate movement control device is used for achieving the movement trail of a rotating curve; the plane coordinate movement control device is used for being matched with the polar coordinate movement control device to achieve the linear movement trail; the movement control and technology control system achieves 3D printing of aluminum and aluminum alloy by driving the polar coordinate movement control device, the plane coordinate movement control device, the printing head and the feeding device through two-dimensional contour data. The method achieves precise casting of aluminum and aluminum alloy through polar coordinate 3D printing and thoroughly breaks through a traditional casting production mode.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to three-dimensional increasing material manufacturing technology field, particularly a kind of compression casting 3D printing device.
Background technology
In industrial circle, casting is the most basic specialty, for machinery manufacturing industry provides blank or semi-finished product, the production model of traditional casting first makes wooden model, core or cured mould (accurate casting is used), then moulding (sand mold), oven dry sand mold, swabbing, cast, cooling, then foundry goods is cleared up, subsequent treatment such as removing rising head, polish, sandblast; There is greatest problem in well-known foundry industry: 1. the labour intensity of workman is large at present; 2. work under bad environment: filthy, dust large (metal dust of polishing and moulding sand dust powder); 3. interiors of products quality difficulty control and percent defective high, although be cast with certain development in the last few years, be subject to the restriction of this professional particularity and the scarcity of Chinese labour force, foundry industry has also been absorbed in difficult condition.If component of machine can directly print, need not process or few processing, this is the target of futurity industry 4.0 revolution.
Current rapid prototyping & manufacturing technology development comparison block, concrete technology is a lot, but metal material rapid shaping has two kinds of methods at present: direct method and indirect method.1. indirect method Selective laser sintering: be by organic binder bond powder and form mechanical impurity by metal powder in certain ratio, or the material that organic binder bond overlay film and metal dust obtain is done; Because the fusing point of organic binder bond or organic binder bond overlay film is more much lower than metal, therefore when laser scanning, binding agent first melts, and metal powder granulates bonding is got up, forms the base substrate product of metal parts.Indirect method sintering process also needs complicated subsequent treatment process could as metallic article, this method batching is complicated, technological operation bothers, product is yielding, so only adapt to smallclothes and a small amount of production, part mechanical property (intensity) and precision all poor, especially product cost is high.2. direct Selective laser sintering method: adopt single pure metal powder or the powder that mixed by refractory metal powder and metal powder with low melting point as the material of sintering, utilize high energy laser to sinter and directly obtain metal parts, direct sintering also needs complicated subsequent treatment process, the density of gained product and mechanical property are difficult to the functional requirement meeting part, surface quality is also poor, and in the special material such as titanium alloy, stainless steel, carry out experimenter at present more.To sum up metal dust SLS technology just starts now (test trial stage) in industrial circle, the three dimensional articles ubiquity mechanical property of sintering, surface quality, density, ratio of precision are poor, directly can't use as functional mechanical parts, await exploitation and the utilization of new material, new technology and new intelligence equipment.
Summary of the invention
Based on this, the invention discloses a kind of compression casting polar coordinates 3D printing device, described printing device comprises:
Printhead and pay-off, for the insulation of high temperature fused state Al and Alalloy, transmission and squeezing out quantitative;
Polar coordinates motion control device, for the revolution curvilinear motion of the motion and workbench that realize the warp direction of workbench in revolution-radius;
Plane coordinates motion control device, for matching with polar coordinates, what realize printing device successively piles up the process printing and manufacture, and can realize the motion of printhead warp direction and Z-direction;
Motion control and process control system, utilize two-dimensional silhouette data-driven polar coordinates motion control device, plane coordinates motion control device and printhead and pay-off, and the 3D realizing Al and Alalloy prints.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of compression casting 3D printing device in one embodiment of the invention; Wherein: 1. base plate; 2. riser; 3. the first motor; 4. the first leading screw; 5. crossbeam and feed screw nut; 6. the second motor; 7. the second leading screw; 8. slide block and printhead; 9. carrier pipe; 10. melting furnace; 11 workbench; 12. the 4th motors; 13. the 3rd leading screws; 14. the 3rd motors; 15. rocking arms; 16. the 5th motors; 17. polar coordinates slide block 18. support rollers.
Detailed description of the invention
Figure is further detailed the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment;
In one embodiment, the invention discloses a kind of compression casting polar coordinates 3D printing device, described printing device comprises:
Printhead and pay-off, for the insulation of high temperature fused state Al and Alalloy, transmission and squeezing out quantitative;
Polar coordinates motion control device, for the revolution curvilinear motion of the motion and workbench that realize the warp direction of workbench in revolution-radius;
Plane coordinates motion control device, for matching with polar coordinates, what realize printing device successively piles up the process printing and manufacture, and can realize the motion of printhead warp direction and Z-direction;
Motion control and process control system, utilize two-dimensional silhouette data-driven polar coordinates motion control device, plane coordinates motion control device and printhead and pay-off, and the 3D realizing Al and Alalloy prints.
Equipment of the present invention is used for the hot investment casting of Al and Alalloy, also the hot investment casting of other material can be developed on this basis, described equipment utilization polar coordinates 3D printer is as casting operation platform, and create the shaping thought of compression casting, and on this basis the 3D printing technique of Al and Alalloy compression casting is proposed.The starting point that compression casting 3D polar coordinates printer will be foundry industry transition and upgrade is also the developing direction of futurity industry.
Transition and upgrade for realizing foundry industry and the Chinese robot of unlatching and intelligence equipment 2.0 are increased brilliant one page by the invention of compression casting 3D printing device of the present invention and appearance, realize the few without machining of efficient, material-saving and energy-conserving and environment-protective, also will thoroughly change backward casting industry.
In one embodiment, described printhead and pay-off comprise: printhead, carrier pipe, melting furnace and the constant displacement pump be arranged in melting furnace; Described carrier pipe one end and melting furnace can operational coupled, and the other end is coupled with printhead is exercisable.
Carrier pipe described in the present embodiment is used for the printed material in handling molten stove, and constant displacement pump is used for quantitatively exporting printed material; Device described in the present embodiment can meet the printing demand of different metal material, metal material under different molten conditions can be incubated by melting furnace, constant displacement pump according to printing demand quantitative export printed material by carrier pipe, printed material is delivered to place to be printed by printhead.
In one embodiment, described polar coordinates motion control device comprises: workbench, the 3rd motor, the 4th motor, the 3rd leading screw, polar coordinates slide block;
Described workbench and the 4th motor are arranged on polar coordinates slide block; Described 3rd leading screw makes circular table overall along the 3rd leading screw direction rectilinear movement under the drive of the 3rd motor, realizes the warp direction motion of workbench in revolution-radius; Workbench rotates under the drive of the 4th motor simultaneously, achieves revolution curvilinear motion.
More excellent, the workbench described in the present embodiment is circular table; As shown in Figure 1: circular table and motor 4 are arranged on polar coordinates slide block, polar coordinates slide block makes workbench radially move ρ along pole axis (leading screw 3) under leading screw 3 drives; Workbench rotates under motor 4 drives simultaneously, realizes the rotation of workbench, rotation angle 0 ~ 360, and workbench rotation achieves the printing of revolution curve.
In one embodiment, described plane coordinates motion control device comprises: crossbeam and feed screw nut, the first motor, the first leading screw, slide block and printhead, the second motor and the second leading screw;
Described first leading screw rotates under the drive of the first motor, and described crossbeam band movable slider and printhead do Z-direction along the first leading screw moves integrally, and realizes successively piling up the process printing and manufacture;
Described slide block and printhead are the X vertical with Z-direction to motion under the drive of the second motor and the second leading screw, and coordinate the motion making printhead do warp direction and Z-direction with polar coordinates.
In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1: printhead is arranged on entablature slide block, slide block, with leading screw 2 side-to-side movement on beam guideway, realizes the rectilinear print in plane; Motor 1 drives leading screw 1 that crossbeam is moved up and down along Z-direction simultaneously.
Can to be finished the work in theory under polar coordinate system by this covering device printhead the printing of arbitrary curve and straight line in stroke, to belong to simple 5 axle linkage devices of structure, often print one deck printhead and move one deck along Z-direction; The thickness of equipment of the present invention, liquid metal solidification situation and precision, rate request set in three-dimensional data specific hierarchical software.
In one embodiment, described printing device device also comprises the 5th motor, rocking arm and support roller;
Described workbench, under the drive of the 5th motor, by rocking arm under the cooperation of support roller, realizes polar angle θ and rotates.
More excellent, as shown in Figure 1: piece number 11,12,17,13,14 is fixed on rocking arm (piece number 15), and rocking arm rotates round motor 5, namely revolves round the sun, revolution angle 0 ~ 360 degree, the polar angle θ achieving workbench by rocking arm like this under motor 5 drives rotates.
In one embodiment, the described printhead prints diameter that goes out material is determined by the surface tension under the material of feeding pressure when printing, printing and semi-molten state thereof.
In the present embodiment, conventional FDM3D printer material mostly is plastics and so on, printhead diameter is generally 0.4mm, and compression casting 3D printer port of printer diameter depends on pressure and material, current normal pressures casting minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) is 2mm, in view of the mobility of Al and Alalloy molten condition and material can spray smoothly, it is 2mm (also having pressure increase minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) can accomplish the special case of 0.8mm) that the present invention fixes tentatively printhead diameter, the less printing precision of certain printhead diameter is higher, along with practical application and depth development, can by research printhead ejection semi-molten state surface tension force, solidifiability, the research of the matching relationship of print head structure and other high temperature micro-spray technology progressively realizes the printhead of more minor diameter, to improve casting accuracy and range of application.
In one embodiment, described first leading screw, the second leading screw, the 3rd leading screw all adopt ball-screw.
In the present embodiment, because Al and Alalloy casting temperature is between 660 ~ 760 degree, and the transmission mechanism of existing 3D printer adopts high accuracy monodentate face or bidentate face Timing Belt V belt translation substantially, the transmission of not competent hot environment, therefore in 3D polar coordinates casting print structure, whole employing ball-screw is as power transmission parts, and whole component all will meet heat-resisting and requirement that is stable mechanical property from the material selected and specially treated thereof.
In one embodiment, in described workbench, be provided with heater, must not lower than 175 DEG C for the initial temperature and accumulation horizon temperature guaranteeing printable layer.
In the present embodiment, heater can be positioned at the bottom of workbench, for the temperature making workbench keep certain, the temperature that this temperature wants can to make to be placed in printable layer on workbench and accumulation horizon is not less than 175 DEG C, cools the defect such as be full of cracks, grain coarsening brought to the printing foundry goods just printed to avoid fast cooling.
In one embodiment, the working environment of described printing device is hermetically-sealed construction, dissolves in produce pore and be oxidized for preventing air between layers; Inert gas is full of in seal operation environment.
In the present embodiment, the operating room of whole printing equipment is hermetically-sealed construction, and dissolve in for preventing air between layers and produce pore and be oxidized, seal operation indoor are full of inert gas; Melting furnace is independently, is placed on closed printer external, and feeding is controlled by metered dose pump, and by carrier pipe (band heat insulation layer structure) supply, melt temperature, print temperature and accumulation horizon temperature control by temperature control system.
In one embodiment, the invention discloses a kind of compression casting polar coordinates 3D Method of printing, said method comprising the steps of:
S100, the data-driven printing device of three-dimensional digital model of foundry goods to be printed utilizing software RPData layered shaping to cross;
S200, make printhead under the driving of motor 2, motor 3, motor 4, motor 5, under the cooperation of the second leading screw, the 3rd leading screw, carrier pipe, melting furnace, polar coordinates slide block, rocking arm and support roller, the data along each layering are done profile on the table and are printed and fill printing;
S300, after one deck has printed, the first leading screw is driven successively to adjust the height of printhead along Z axis by motor 1, according to profile and the padding data of lower one deck, complete the printing of rest layers successively according to the method described in step S200, the final material object forming three-dimensional.
Method described in the present embodiment adopts polar coordinates 3D to print the hot investment casting realizing Al and Alalloy, and this method has thoroughly broken traditional castings production pattern, and can meet the printing of various shape and specification foundry goods.
Method described in the present embodiment adopts polar coordinates when foundry goods prints, and some are special in printing for polar coordinates
curveduring as revolving bodies such as circle, constant speed helixes, workbench rotates (shower nozzle is motionless) around the centre of gyration, so curved surface is formed by gyration, there is not distortion, the curve of polar coordinates printing simultaneously speed as rectangular co-ordinate prints straight line is fast; In industrial circle, the geometric figure more than 80% of foundry goods is by straight line and circle. and circular arc forms, and therefore prints function perfection with polar coordinates 3D and realizes hot investment casting.
In one embodiment, the printing device structure described in the disclosure and motor function as follows: 1. printhead is arranged on entablature slide block, and slide block, with leading screw 2 side-to-side movement on beam guideway, realizes the rectilinear print in plane; Simultaneously motor 1 drives leading screw 1 to make crossbeam move up and down .2. circular table along Z-direction and motor 4 is arranged on polar coordinates slide block, and polar coordinates slide block makes workbench radially move ρ along pole axis (leading screw 3) under leading screw 3 drives; Workbench rotates under motor 4 drives simultaneously, realizes the rotation of workbench, rotation angle 0 ~ 360, and workbench rotation achieves the printing of revolution curve.3. piece number 11,12,17,13,14 is fixed on rocking arm (piece number 15), and rocking arm rotates round motor 5, namely revolves round the sun, revolution angle 0 ~ 360 degree, and the polar angle θ achieving workbench by rocking arm like this under motor 5 drives rotates.Can to be finished the work in theory under polar coordinate system by this covering device printhead the printing of arbitrary curve and straight line in stroke, belong to simple 5 axle linkage devices of structure, often print one deck printhead and move one deck (thickness can free setting) along Z-direction.4. the operating room of whole printing equipment is hermetically-sealed construction, and dissolve in for preventing air between layers and produce pore and be oxidized, seal operation indoor are full of inert gas; Melting furnace is independently, is placed on closed printer external, and feeding is controlled by metered dose pump, and by carrier pipe (band heat insulation layer structure) supply, melt temperature, print temperature and accumulation horizon temperature control by temperature control system.5. because Al and Alalloy casting temperature is between 660 ~ 760 degree, and the transmission mechanism of existing 3D printer adopts high accuracy monodentate face or bidentate face Timing Belt V belt translation substantially, the transmission of not competent hot environment, therefore in 3D polar coordinates casting print structure, whole employing ball screw assembly, is as power transmission parts, and whole component all will meet heat-resisting and requirement that is stable mechanical property from the material selected and specially treated thereof.6. conventional FDM3D printer material mostly is plastics and so on, jet diameters is generally 0.4mm, and compression casting 3D printer head diameter depends on pressure and material, current normal pressures casting minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) is 2mm, in view of the mobility of Al and Alalloy molten condition and material can spray smoothly, it is 2mm (also having pressure increase minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) can accomplish the special case of 0.8mm) that the present invention fixes tentatively jet diameters, the less printing precision of certain jet diameters is higher, along with practical application and depth development, can by research printhead ejection semi-molten state surface tension force, solidifiability, the research of the matching relationship of nozzle structure and other high temperature micro-spray technology progressively realizes the shower nozzle of more minor diameter, to improve casting accuracy and range of application.7. circular table is built with heater, guarantees that the initial temperature of printable layer and accumulation horizon temperature must not lower than uniform temperatures.
Described on end, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1. rectangular coordinate system and polar coordinate system 3D print that to realize the principle that 3 D stereo prints the same, but plane curve is similar to replace by countless segment straight line and generates in rectangular coordinate system, if circle connects or the external circle formed by the shape of positive n limit, n numerical value is larger, circle is more accurate, but no matter n is much always approximate and approach, there is distortion, jet diameters is had to be exist again, it directly has influence on the printing precision of curve and limits the printing of thin-walled parts, small arc-shaped fillet part, and polar coordinates are in printing, and some are special
curveduring as revolving bodies such as circle, constant speed helixes, workbench rotates (shower nozzle is motionless) around the centre of gyration, so curved surface is formed by gyration, there is not distortion, the curve of polar coordinates printing simultaneously speed as rectangular co-ordinate prints straight line is fast;
2., in industrial circle, the geometric figure more than 80% of foundry goods is by straight line and circle. and circular arc forms, and therefore prints function perfection with polar coordinates 3D and realizes hot investment casting;
3. casting requires that casting rate is fast; prevent the metal of melting from cooling fast; to prevent air from entering simultaneously and produce the defect such as pore, shrinkage porosite; have impact on the inherent quality of product; the present invention adopts closed operating room and inert gas shielding; establish heater in workbench, meet the production requirement of foundry goods completely.3D printer under rectangular coordinate system, can not meet the demands slowly in printing curve hourly velocity, and polar coordinates 3D print rotated curve is the same with printing straight line, speed is exceedingly fast.
Claims (10)
1. a compression casting polar coordinates 3D printing device, is characterized in that, described printing device comprises:
Printhead and pay-off, for the insulation of high temperature fused state Al and Alalloy, transmission and squeezing out quantitative;
Polar coordinates motion control device, for realizing the motion of the warp direction of workbench in revolution-radius and the revolution curvilinear motion of workbench of described printing device;
Plane coordinates motion control device, for matching with polar coordinates motion control device, what realize printing device successively piles up the process printing and manufacture, and can realize the motion of printhead warp direction and Z-direction;
Motion control and process control system, utilize the two-dimensional silhouette data of foundry goods to be printed, driving stage coordinate motion control device, plane coordinates motion control device and printhead and pay-off, and the 3D realizing Al and Alalloy prints.
2. printing device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, preferably, described printhead and pay-off comprise: printhead, carrier pipe, melting furnace and the constant displacement pump be arranged in melting furnace; Described carrier pipe one end and melting furnace can operational coupled, and the other end is coupled with printhead is exercisable.
3. printing device according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described polar coordinates motion control device comprises: workbench, the 3rd motor, the 4th motor, the 3rd leading screw and polar coordinates slide block;
Described workbench and the 4th motor are arranged on polar coordinates slide block; Described 3rd leading screw makes workbench overall along the 3rd leading screw direction rectilinear movement under the drive of the 3rd motor, realizes the warp direction motion of workbench in revolution-radius; Workbench rotates under the drive of the 4th motor simultaneously, achieves the revolution curvilinear motion of workbench.
4. printing device according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described plane coordinates motion control device comprises: crossbeam and feed screw nut, the first motor, the first leading screw, slide block and printhead, the second motor and the second leading screw;
Described first leading screw rotates under the drive of the first motor, and makes described crossbeam band movable slider and printhead do Z-direction along the first leading screw to move integrally, and realizes successively piling up the process printing and manufacture;
Described slide block and printhead are the X vertical with Z-direction to motion under the drive of the second motor and the second leading screw, and coordinate the motion making printhead do warp direction and Z-direction with polar coordinates.
5. printing device according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described printing device device also comprises the 5th motor, rocking arm and support roller;
Described workbench, under the drive of the 5th motor, by rocking arm under the cooperation of support roller, realizes polar angle θ and rotates.
6. printing device according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the diameter that described printhead prints goes out material is determined by the surface tension under the material of feeding pressure when printing, printing and semi-molten state thereof.
7. printing device according to claim 7, is characterized in that: described first leading screw, the second leading screw, the 3rd leading screw all adopt ball-screw.
8. printing device according to claim 3, is characterized in that, is provided with heater in described workbench, must not lower than 175 DEG C for the initial temperature and accumulation horizon temperature guaranteeing printable layer.
9. the arbitrary equipment according to claim 1-8, is characterized in that: the working environment of described printing device is hermetically-sealed construction, dissolves in produce pore and be oxidized for preventing air between layers; Inert gas is full of in seal operation environment.
10. a compression casting polar coordinates 3D Method of printing, is characterized in that, said method comprising the steps of:
S100, the data-driven printing device of three-dimensional digital model of foundry goods to be printed utilizing software RPData layered shaping to cross;
S200, make printhead under the driving of motor 2, motor 3, motor 4, motor 5, under the cooperation of the second leading screw, the 3rd leading screw, carrier pipe, melting furnace, polar coordinates slide block, rocking arm and support roller, the data along each layering are done profile on the table and are printed and fill printing;
S300, after one deck has printed, the first leading screw is driven successively to adjust the height of printhead along Z axis by motor 1, according to profile and the padding data of lower one deck, complete the printing of rest layers successively according to the method described in step S200, the final material object forming three-dimensional.
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