CN107428234B - 电动轴 - Google Patents

电动轴 Download PDF

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CN107428234B
CN107428234B CN201680019129.4A CN201680019129A CN107428234B CN 107428234 B CN107428234 B CN 107428234B CN 201680019129 A CN201680019129 A CN 201680019129A CN 107428234 B CN107428234 B CN 107428234B
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drive shaft
electric
planetary gear
differential
gear set
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CN107428234A (zh
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K·尼尔森
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BorgWarner Sweden AB
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0806—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with a plurality of driving or driven shafts
    • F16H37/0813—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with a plurality of driving or driven shafts with only one input shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/043—Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel
    • B60K17/046—Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel with planetary gearing having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/06—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing
    • B60K17/08—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing of mechanical type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/46—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears
    • F16H3/48—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears with single orbital gears or pairs of rigidly-connected orbital gears
    • F16H3/52—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears with single orbital gears or pairs of rigidly-connected orbital gears comprising orbital spur gears
    • F16H3/54—Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears with single orbital gears or pairs of rigidly-connected orbital gears comprising orbital spur gears one of the central gears being internally toothed and the other externally toothed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H48/00—Differential gearings
    • F16H48/36—Differential gearings characterised by intentionally generating speed difference between outputs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/001—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units one motor mounted on a propulsion axle for rotating right and left wheels of this axle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H48/00—Differential gearings
    • F16H48/36—Differential gearings characterised by intentionally generating speed difference between outputs
    • F16H2048/364—Differential gearings characterised by intentionally generating speed difference between outputs using electric or hydraulic motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H48/00—Differential gearings
    • F16H48/36—Differential gearings characterised by intentionally generating speed difference between outputs
    • F16H2048/368—Differential gearings characterised by intentionally generating speed difference between outputs using additional orbital gears in combination with clutches or brakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/003—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
    • F16H2200/0034—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising two forward speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2002—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
    • F16H2200/2005—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with one sets of orbital gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/203—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes
    • F16H2200/2064—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes using at least one positive clutch, e.g. dog clutch
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2094—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion using positive clutches, e.g. dog clutches

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Gear Transmission (AREA)
  • Retarders (AREA)
  • Arrangement And Driving Of Transmission Devices (AREA)

Abstract

提供了一种电动轴。该电动轴包括电动机(40)，该电动机(40)经由减速齿轮(50)和行星齿轮组(60)而被选择性地连接至差速器(30)，所述行星齿轮组(60)具有一个输入端(66)和两个输出端(64，66)，所述电动轴(20)进一步包括变速机构(70)，该变速机构(70)被配置成选择性地将差速器壳体(32)连接至所述输出端(66，64)中的一者。

Description

电动轴
技术领域
本发明涉及电动轴。尤其，本发明涉及四轮车辆(诸如，客车)的电动轴。
背景技术
目前客车的电力***是基于12V的。由于针对大电功率设施(如电动推进单元)提出的相对低电压的解决方案导致大电流，这引起高损耗并增加了电缆尺寸。
近年来，出现将48V电力***增加至现有的12V***的趋势。随着电功率的增加，可以采用新的和改进的解决方案，来取代先前需要额外的大功率电子器件的解决方案。
一个这种示例是混合技术，即，向现有内燃机驱动增加电力驱动并允许车辆由电动、内燃机或二者来驱动的技术。本申请人先前已经针对混合驱动提出了几个解决方案，例如，如WO2010101506或者WO2012066035中所描述的内容。这些***包括用于推进目的的大功率电动机，以及用于扭矩引导目的的较小电动机。如果48V可用，则可以开发一种使用极少的复杂组件(包括电源、电力电子设备等)的混合驱动器的设计。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种可用于四轮车辆的混合驱动的电动轴。该电动轴可配置成在中等电压至高压的情况下工作，如48V，尽管其远低于用于混合技术的现有高压***(例如300V)。
一种电动轴，该电动轴包括电动机，该电动机经由减速齿轮和行星齿轮组而被选择性地连接至差速器，所述行星齿轮组具有一个输入端和两个输出端，其中所述电动轴进一步包括变速机构，该变速机构被配置成选择性地将差速器壳体连接至所述输出端中的一者。
其中所述变速机构进一步被配置成选择性地与两个输出端断开连接。
其中所述电动机被布置为与连接至所述差速器的驱动轴不同轴。
其中所述电动机驱动所述行星齿轮组的太阳齿轮，其中太阳齿轮形成所述行星齿轮组的输入端。
其中所述太阳齿轮形成围绕驱动轴的中空轴。
其中所述输出端是所述行星齿轮组的行星架和所述太阳齿轮。
其中所述减速齿轮的减速大约是12-14:1。
其中所述太阳齿轮和所述行星架之间的减速大约是3-4:1。
其中所述变速机构为犬式离合器。
一种车辆，该车辆包括所述的电动轴。
附图说明
将参考附图对本发明进行更详细的描述：
图1是根据本发明一种实施方式的具有电动轴的车辆的示意图；以及
图2是根据本发明一种实施方式的电动轴的剖面示意图。
具体实施方式
在以下各种实施方式中将描述扭矩引导设备。首先，图1示出了用于四轮车辆的驱动线路布置10。驱动线路装置10包括前轴12和后轴14。前轴12经由变速箱18通过引擎16驱动，如内燃机的引擎。后轴14设置有电动轴布置20，用于允许车辆的混合驱动；即，允许仅后驱动、四轮驱动或仅前轮驱动。在转到电动轴的细节之前，应该认识到，这里描述的电动轴并不限于图1所示的驱动线路配置。相反地，本发明所提出的电动轴可用于具有或不具有引擎规格的各种驱动线路配置。
混合驱动通常有望用于客车或其它四轮车辆。混合驱动可以表示将驱动源从内燃机改变为电动机或反之亦然的可能性，或者表示使用电动机驱动前轴或后轴并且使用内燃机驱动另一个前轴或后轴的可能性，以便供全轮驱动。
然而电动轴并不限于混合驱动，还可用于纯粹的电力驱动线路配置。
现在转至图2，将描述电动轴20的实施方式。电动轴20具有左驱动轴22和右驱动轴24。驱动轴22、24连接至差速器30的两个输出端，差速器壳体32从电动机40接收转动驱动转矩，并将相应的驱动转矩传送至驱动轴22、24。电动机40布置成与驱动轴22、24不同轴，并且具有旋转轴42，该旋转轴42优选地通过减速齿轮50耦合至差速器壳体32。减速齿轮50包括一个或多个彼此齿轮啮合的齿轮，以提供期望的减速。在所示示例中，减速齿轮50是两级减速齿轮，其设计可提供基于电动机40的减速，比例约为12-14:1。
优选地减速齿轮50的末端齿轮52是围绕驱动轴24的中空轴。末端齿轮52旋转地固定到另一齿轮66上，该齿轮66成为行星齿轮组60的太阳齿轮。因此，当电动机40正运行时，太阳齿轮66相应地以由减速齿轮50设定的因数减速旋转。
行星齿轮组60还包括行星架64，该行星架64支撑多个与太阳齿轮66以及环形齿轮62齿轮啮合的行星(未示出)。行星架64与太阳轮66之间的齿轮减速大约是3-4：1。环形齿轮62在操作期间保持静止。
电动轴20还包括用于允许电动轴70的速度改变的变速机构70。如图2所示，变速机构70可以被致动以提供高范围的速度，其中差速器壳体32与太阳齿轮66旋转地连接。在该模式中，齿轮减速与减速齿轮50相同，即约为12-14:1。电动机40可设计成在高范围速度下峰值车轮转矩在500和600Nm之间。
变速机构70可以被致动，使得差速器壳体32与太阳齿轮66断开连接，而是连接到行星架64，从而实现电动轴20的低范围速度。在该模式中，速减约为36-45:1，并且峰值车轮转矩可以在1600和2000Nm之间。
除此之外，变速机构70还可以在空档模式中被致动，其中太阳齿轮66以及行星架64与差速器壳体32断开连接。在空档模式下，除了差速器30和驱动轴22、24外所有传动装置都是静止的，产生低损耗。
变速机构70可由犬式离合器实现，从而不需要同步。
所描述的电动轴20的示例是有优势的，因为它可以结合具有较低的最大转矩(例如大约45Nm)的电动机40来实现。而且，电动轴20不需要具有同轴设计，这进一步降低成本。由于对低范围具有较高的速度减小，转动轴20可以减小电机转矩，但仍然具有在低速下实现全牵引的足够的转矩。

Claims (8)

1.一种电动轴，该电动轴包括电动机(40)，该电动机(40)经由减速齿轮(50)、左驱动轴(22)、右驱动轴(24)和行星齿轮组(60)而被选择性地连接至差速器(30)，所述左驱动轴(22)与所述右驱动轴(24)连接至所述差速器(30)的两个输出端，所述差速器(30)具有从所述电动机(40)接收转动驱动转矩的差速器壳体(32)并且将相应的驱动转矩传送至所述左驱动轴(22)与所述右驱动轴(24)，所述行星齿轮组(60)具有一个输入端(66)和两个输出端(64，66)，其中所述电动轴(20)进一步包括变速机构(70)，该变速机构(70)被配置成选择性地将所述差速器壳体(32)连接至所述输出端(66，64)中的一者，其中所述电动机(40)驱动所述行星齿轮组(60)的太阳齿轮(66)，其中太阳齿轮(66)形成所述行星齿轮组(60)的输入端，以及其中所述输出端(64，66)是所述行星齿轮组(60)的行星架(64)和所述太阳齿轮(66)，其特征在于，所述行星齿轮组(60)相对于所述左驱动轴(22)与所述右驱动轴(24)被同轴布置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电动轴，其中所述变速机构(70)进一步被配置成选择性地与两个输出端(64，66)断开连接。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的电动轴，其中所述电动机(40)被布置为与连接至所述差速器(30)的左驱动轴(22)与所述右驱动轴(24)不同轴。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电动轴，其中所述太阳齿轮(66)形成围绕所述右驱动轴(24)的中空轴。
5.根据权利要求1所述的电动轴，其中所述减速齿轮(50)的减速大约是12-14:1。
6.根据权利要求1所述的电动轴，其中所述太阳齿轮(66)和所述行星架(64)之间的减速大约是3-4:1。
7.根据权利要求1所述的电动轴，其中所述变速机构(70)为犬式离合器。
8.一种车辆，该车辆包括根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电动轴。
CN201680019129.4A 2015-04-02 2016-04-01 电动轴 Active CN107428234B (zh)

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SE1550402-0 2015-04-02
SE1550402 2015-04-02
PCT/EP2016/057208 WO2016156566A1 (en) 2015-04-02 2016-04-01 An electrical axle

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CN107428234B true CN107428234B (zh) 2021-05-11

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CN107428234A (zh) 2017-12-01
EP3277530A1 (en) 2018-02-07
US20180080536A1 (en) 2018-03-22
WO2016156566A1 (en) 2016-10-06
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