CN107421641B - A kind of broadband full polarization imaging device based on Mach Zehnder interferometer - Google Patents
A kind of broadband full polarization imaging device based on Mach Zehnder interferometer Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2823—Imaging spectrometer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/447—Polarisation spectrometry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/45—Interferometric spectrometry
- G01J3/453—Interferometric spectrometry by correlation of the amplitudes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of broadband full polarization imaging device based on Mach Zehnder interferometer,The light for carrying target polarization information is incident on Polarization Modulation module by colimated light system,Light beam is divided into reflected light and transmitted light by polarization beam apparatus,Two-beam passes through the half-wave plate of 22.5 ° of placements respectively,Direction of vibration rotates 45 °,Pass through diffraction grating later,Dispersion occurs,By plane mirror,Change the direction of propagation,It is incident in polarization beam apparatus,Secondary light splitting occurs,It is divided into two groups according to the direction of propagation,One group of light passes through analyzer,Direction of vibration is identical,Under the action of imaging len,Stable interference fringe is obtained on ccd array,Another group of light passes through the quarter wave plate of 0 ° of placement,Circular polarization and linear polarization exchange numerical value,Pass through polariscope later,Under the action of imaging len,CCD detection array obtains interference fringe.Finally two groups of interference fringes are demodulated, can get the full polarization information of line of target.
Description
【Technical field】
The invention belongs to optical remote sensing field of detecting, it is related to a kind of broadband based on Mach Zehnder interferometer and polarizes entirely
As device.
【Background technology】
Polarization imaging is a kind of advanced Detection Techniques for the strength information and polarization information that can obtain target simultaneously, is being carried
There are certain potentiality in terms of the detection of high target, identification, classification effectiveness and precision, military surveillance, earth resource generaI investigation,
Many necks such as environmental health monitoring and surveilliance, natural calamity forecast, Atmospheric Survey, astronomical observation, machine vision free, biomedical diagnostic
Domain all has great application value and development prospect.The remote sensing novel as one of channel modulation type polarization imaging technology
Technology, has caused the attention of domestic and international mechanism with its unique remote sensing advantage, foreign study mechanism be concentrated mainly on it is beautiful,
The large project of the country such as day, Europe relies on unit, the military, university etc.；Mainly there are Anhui ray machine institute, west in studies in China mechanism
Pacify ray machine institute, Xi'an Communications University etc., the polarization imaging Detection Techniques reported are with their own characteristics.
The core devices of channel modulation type polarization imager generally use birefringece crystal or interferometer.According to imaging side
Formula can be divided into Active Imaging and imaging and passive imaging, Active Imaging using Muller matrix polarization imaging as representative, light source it is known or
Controllably, to detect the polarization state of target；Imaging and passive imaging, due to not limited by light source, is actually answered generally based on natural light
It is wider with range.It can be divided into data reduction pattern, Fourier analysis method, channel modulation pattern according to data processing method.It presses
According to time sequencing, and timing polarization imaging can be divided into, with non-sequential polarization imaging.Timing includes mainly rotatory polarization piece
Type and liquid crystal regulation type：Rotatory polarization piece type is that turntable is placed before image camera, and rotatory polarization piece is to obtain target polarization
State；Liquid crystal regulation type is the sequence of electrically-controlled liquid crystal, realizes polarizing film function, it is also possible to obtain the polarization state of target, the two lack
Point is cannot to be imaged to dynamic object；Non-sequential can be divided into a point amplitude type, point aperture type, point focal plane type and channel modulation again
Type.Amplitude type is divided to generally require multiple detectors, data synchronization is more difficult, and equipment instrument is bigger and more complicated, robustness
It is relatively low；Point aperture type is to be divided into the aperture of optical system multiple, and each aperture separately detects the polarization information of target, detection
The utilization rate of device is relatively low, makes difficult；Polarization plates are added in point focal plane type before the detectors, and every four pixels can detect one
The polarization information of target pixel points, spatial resolution is low, and technique manufacture difficulty is big；Channel modulation type is believed by the polarization of target
Breath is modulated in different spatial frequencys, and the target polarization information to be obtained on a sub-picture, which can
To obtain the polarization information of target simultaneously, have many advantages, such as that making is simple, light path is simple, of low cost, spatial resolution is high.
【Invention content】
It is an object of the invention to overcome the above-mentioned prior art, a kind of width based on Mach Zehnder interferometer is provided
Wave band full polarization imaging device, the device can obtain full polarization imaging method of target under the conditions of broadband simultaneously, fusion
It is divided to the amplitude type polarization imaging and channel modulation type polarization imaging two kinds of technologies, that is, reduces the simple detector number for dividing amplitude type
Amount, and can be with the imaging band width of extended channel modulation type polarization imaging method, and self calibration may be implemented in this method, solution
It has determined and has divided amplitude type polarization imaging matching problem.The program using the dispersion and interferometer of balzed grating, be divided to obtain with wavelength at
The light beam shearing displacement of direct ratio, is interfered by two-beam, is obtained respectively by the stokes parameters (S of polarization information0、S1、S2) or (S0、
S2、S3) two images of interference fringe amplitude are modulated to, interference fringe frequency is inversely proportional with wavelength, directly proportional to shearing displacement,
Eliminate the influence of wavelength.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention is achieved by the following scheme：
A kind of broadband full polarization imaging device based on Mach Zehnder interferometer, including the use that is set in turn in light path
It is visited in the preposition optics microscope group of collimated incident light, Polarization Modulation module, the first imaging len, the second imaging len, the first face battle array
Survey device and the second planar array detector；Incident light enters Polarization Modulation module after entering preposition optics microscope group, by Polarization Modulation
The identical light of two group of four beam direction of vibration is formed after module, one of which is under the action of the first imaging len, in the first face
Interference fringe, another group of broadband quarter wave plate by the 0 ° of placement of a fast axis direction are formed on array detector, and are imaged second
Under the action of lens, interference fringe is formed on the second planar array detector；On first planar array detector and the second planar array detector
It is respectively connected with the data acquisition processing system for carrying out Fourier transform, filtering and Fourier's inverse transform to interference fringe.
The present invention, which further improves, to be：
Preposition optics microscope group includes object lens, field stop and the collimation lens set gradually along incident ray.
Object lens are telephotolens, microcobjective or common object lens.
Polarization Modulation module include the first polarization beam apparatus, incident light after the first polarization beam apparatus, be divided into transmitted light and
Reflected light, the angle between reflected light and transmitted light are 90 °；The first broadband of 22.5 ° of placements is disposed on transmitted light path
Half-wave plate, the first diffraction grating, the second diffraction grating and the first plane mirror, transmitted light after the first plane mirror,
It is parallel with the reflected light after the first polarization beam apparatus；The second broadband half of 22.5 ° of placements is disposed on reflected light path
Wave plate, third diffraction grating, the 4th diffraction grating and second plane mirror, reflected light after second plane mirror, with
Transmitted light after the first polarization beam apparatus is parallel；By the transmitted light of the first plane mirror and by the second plane reflection
The reflected light of mirror converges at the second polarization beam apparatus, by transmitted light and reflected light after the second polarization beam apparatus vibration side
To being mutually perpendicular to.
First diffraction grating, the second diffraction grating, third diffraction grating and the 4th diffraction grating are transmissive diffraction light
Grid.
0 ° of placement of fast axle of broadband quarter wave plate.
The first polariscope is provided between first imaging len and Polarization Modulation module.
The second polariscope is provided between second imaging len and Polarization Modulation module.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
The present invention, which has merged, divides amplitude and channel modulation type polarization imaging method, compensate for channel modulation type polarization imaging without
Method realizes the deficiency that broadband polarizes entirely, decreases single using the number for dividing the detector needed when amplitude type polarization imaging method
The advantages of amount, light path is simply easily adjusted, of low cost, and this method has had both two methods.Imaging band of the present invention is wide, in dim light item
The strength information and polarization information of target can be obtained under part simultaneously；Only need a frame image of extraterrestrial target, you can to obtain it
Full polarization imaging information can detect dynamic object, and work efficiency is high.Finally, data processing is simple and quick, can be right in real time
Target is detected.
【Description of the drawings】
The color dispersion-type Mach Zehnder interferometer type full polarization imaging devices of Fig. 1 to realize the present invention；
Fig. 2 is that balzed grating, carries out dispersion compensation principle；
Fig. 3 is the beam distribution figure by Polarization Modulation module.
Wherein：The preposition optics microscope groups of 100-；200- Polarization Modulation modules；The first polarization beam apparatus of 211-；212 second polarizations
Beam splitter；221- the first broad band half wave pieces；222- the second broad band half wave pieces；The first diffraction grating of 231-；The second diffraction lights of 232-
Grid；233- third diffraction grating；The 4th diffraction grating of 234-；The first plane mirrors of 241-；242- second plane mirrors；
The broadbands 250- quarter wave plate；The first polariscopes of 301-；The second polariscopes of 302-；The first imaging lens of 401-；402- second is imaged
Mirror；The first planar array detectors of 501-；The second planar array detectors of 502-；110- object lens；120- field stops；130- collimation lenses.
【Specific implementation mode】
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
Referring to Fig. 1-Fig. 3, the present invention is based on the broadband full polarization imaging device of Mach Zehnder interferometer, from incident light to
The preposition optics microscope group 100 that sets gradually, Polarization Modulation module 200, the first polariscope 301, the second polariscope 302, the first one-tenth
As lens 401, the second imaging len 402, the first planar array detector 501, the second planar array detector 502 and data acquisition process system
System composition；
Such as Fig. 1, preposition optics microscope group 100 is by 130 groups of object lens 110, diaphragm 120 and collimating mirror being successively set in light path
At；Object lens 110 are telephotolens, microcobjective or common object lens.
Such as Fig. 2, it is complete by two that Mach Zehnder interferometer, which is generated with the key technology of the positively related horizontal shear capacity of wavelength,
Exactly the same diffraction grating composition：Beam orthogonal is incident in diffraction grating, and diffraction phenomena, the wherein angle of diffraction and wavelength occurs
There are dsin θλRelationship (d diffraction grating periods, the θ of=m λλFor the angle of diffraction, m is diffraction time, and λ is wavelength), another shearing displacement Δ/
2=Ltan θλ, when angle is sufficiently small, above-mentioned relation is approximately Δ/2=Lsin θλ=Lm λ/dTo get to wavelength positive
The shearing displacement of pass.
Such as Fig. 3, two-beam passes through after Polarization Modulation module, shearing displacement and the wavelength positive correlation of each wave band, and modulates
The out of phase factor is gone up.
Polarization Modulation module 200 is by 211,22.5 ° of first broad band half wave pieces 221, first placed of the first polarization beam apparatus
Diffraction grating 231, the second diffraction grating 232, plane mirror 241 and the broadband quarter wave plate 250 of 0 ° of placement form；Wherein
Balzed grating, is located in Mach Zehnder light path branch, and the distance between two groups of gratings are identical, and two leg lengths are equal；First
Under the action of polarization beam apparatus 211, s light reflections, p light transmissions are divided into two-way；Light beam passes through the broad band half wave piece of 22.5 ° of placements
Later, direction of vibration rotates 45 °, dispersion phenomenon occurs after the first diffraction grating 231, different wavelength has different spread out
Firing angle meets diffraction formula, and after the second diffraction grating 232, the direction of propagation of light changes again, and light beam becomes flat
Row light；After the plane mirror placed by 45 °, change round；Similarly, another way light undergoes identical change.Two
Shu Guang meets at the second polarization beam apparatus 212, and after the second polarization beam apparatus 212, two-beam has carried out second respectively
Secondary light splitting.Light beam passes through after the first polarizing film 301, and direction of vibration is identical, flat in coke under the action of the first imaging len 401
Face is converged, and interferes phenomenon, the first planar array detector 501 can capture one group of interference fringe picture.In addition, light beam first passes around
The broadband quarter wave plate 250 of 0 ° of placement of fast axis direction, the linear polarization information S carried1With circular polarization information S3Transposition, polarization
State is by S=[S0,S1,S2,S3]TIt is changed into S=[S0,S3,S2,S1]T, using the second polarizing film 302, direction of vibration is identical,
Second planar array detector 502 can detect one group of interference fringe under the action of second imaging len 402.Theoretically interfere
When two-beam there are the phase difference of a wavelength (machining accuracy and its height herein, Mach Zehnder interferometer four edges, brachiums
It is essentially equal), when interfering, center striped is deviated, but does not influence measurement result；Finally by data collecting system
Acquisition, extraction and processing can be obtained the corresponding two-dimensional space distribution map of linear polarization information.
The principle of the present invention and the course of work：
The light for carrying extraterrestrial target polarization information is incident on by colimated light system in Polarization Detection imaging system, and light beam exists
It is divided into reflected light and transmitted light under the action of polarization beam apparatus, two-beam passes through diffraction grating, realizes dispersion respectively, by flat
Face speculum changes the direction of propagation, then incident in beam splitter, the wherein light transmission of the light reflection half of half, wherein thoroughly
By after polarizing film, direction of vibration is identical, under the action of imaging len, in CCD detection battle array after the two-beam convergence penetrated
Stable interference fringe can be obtained on row, and Fourier transform, filtering and Fourier's inverse conversion finally are carried out to interference fringe, from
And quarter wave plate of the two-beam for obtaining the two dimensional image of linear polarization component, and reflecting by 0 ° of placement of fast axis direction, by target
Linear polarization information S1 is exchanged with circular polarization information value, and direction of vibration is identical after by polarizing film, saturating in imaging
Under the action of mirror, stable interference fringe can be obtained on CCD detection array, finally carrying out Fourier to interference fringe turns
It changes, filter and Fourier's inverse conversion, to obtain the two dimensional image of linear polarization component, the information that comprehensive two detectors obtain,
The full polarization information of target can be obtained simultaneously.
Balzed grating, is the ideal situation of defraction grating device, will utilize the high first-order diffraction light of diffraction efficiency, light splitting
Light equably will be divided into two parts by device, will not introduce polarization error.It is polarized by the color dispersion-type based on Mach Zehnder interferometer
The light of modulation module has lateral shear effect, and shearing displacement direct proportionality approximate with wavelength.
The above content is merely illustrative of the invention's technical idea, and protection scope of the present invention cannot be limited with this, every to press
According to technological thought proposed by the present invention, any change done on the basis of technical solution each falls within claims of the present invention
Protection domain within.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of broadband full polarization imaging device based on Mach Zehnder interferometer, which is characterized in that including being set in turn in
In light path for the preposition optics microscope group (100) of collimated incident light, Polarization Modulation module (200), the first imaging len
(401), the second imaging len (402), the first planar array detector (501) and the second planar array detector (502)；Incident light enters
Preposition optics microscope group (100) enters Polarization Modulation module (200) afterwards, and two group of four beam is formed after Polarization Modulation module (200)
The identical light of direction of vibration, one of which is under the action of the first imaging len (401), in the first planar array detector (501)
Upper formation interference fringe, another group of broadband quarter wave plate (250) by the 0 ° of placement of a fast axis direction, and it is saturating in the second imaging
Under the action of mirror (402), interference fringe is formed on the second planar array detector (502)；First planar array detector (501) and second
The number for carrying out Fourier transform, filtering and Fourier's inverse transform to interference fringe is respectively connected on planar array detector (502)
According to acquisition processing system.
2. the broadband full polarization imaging device according to claim 1 based on Mach Zehnder interferometer, which is characterized in that
Preposition optics microscope group (100) includes object lens (110), field stop (120) and the collimation lens set gradually along incident ray
(130)。
3. the broadband full polarization imaging device according to claim 2 based on Mach Zehnder interferometer, which is characterized in that
Object lens (110) are telephotolens, microcobjective or common object lens.
4. the broadband full polarization imaging device according to claim 1 based on Mach Zehnder interferometer, which is characterized in that
Polarization Modulation module (200) includes the first polarization beam apparatus (211), and incident light is divided into after the first polarization beam apparatus (211)
Light and reflected light are penetrated, the angle between reflected light and transmitted light is 90 °；The of 22.5 ° of placements is disposed on transmitted light path
One broad band half wave piece (221), the first diffraction grating (231), the second diffraction grating (232) and the first plane mirror (241), thoroughly
Light is penetrated after the first plane mirror (241), it is parallel with the reflected light after the first polarization beam apparatus (211)；Reflected light
Road is disposed with the second broad band half wave piece (222), third diffraction grating (233), the 4th diffraction grating of 22.5 ° of placements
(234) and second plane mirror (242), reflected light is after second plane mirror (242), and passes through the first polarization beam splitting
Transmitted light after device (211) is parallel；By the transmitted light of the first plane mirror (241) and by second plane mirror
(242) reflected light converges at the second polarization beam apparatus (212), passes through the second polarization beam apparatus by transmitted light and reflected light
(212) direction of vibration is mutually perpendicular to afterwards.
5. the broadband full polarization imaging device according to claim 4 based on Mach Zehnder interferometer, which is characterized in that
First diffraction grating (231), the second diffraction grating (232), third diffraction grating (233) and the 4th diffraction grating (234) are
Transmissive diffraction grating.
6. the broadband full polarization imaging device according to claim 4 or 5 based on Mach Zehnder interferometer, feature exist
In 0 ° of placement of fast axle of broadband quarter wave plate.
7. the broadband full polarization imaging device according to claim 1 based on Mach Zehnder interferometer, which is characterized in that
The first polariscope (301) is provided between first imaging len (401) and Polarization Modulation module (200).
8. the broadband full polarization imaging device according to claim 1 based on Mach Zehnder interferometer, which is characterized in that
The second polariscope (302) is provided between second imaging len (402) and Polarization Modulation module (200).
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| CN111953423B (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2023-07-21 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Method for determining limit bandwidth based on space modulation polarization imaging |
| CN112285914B (en) * | 2020-10-09 | 2022-04-19 | 清华大学深圳国际研究生院 | Transmission type Mueller matrix microscopic imaging system and method |
| CN115314626B (en) * | 2022-09-29 | 2023-04-11 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Integrated quantitative phase imaging camera, method and image processing method |
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| US6687007B1 (en) * | 2000-12-14 | 2004-02-03 | Kestrel Corporation | Common path interferometer for spectral image generation |
| CN103293696A (en) * | 2013-05-27 | 2013-09-11 | 西北大学 | Device for generating arbitrary vector beams based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer |
| CN104913848A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-09-16 | 西安交通大学 | All-Stokes parameter white light double-Sagnac polarization imaging interferometer |
| CN105911682A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-08-31 | 南京航空航天大学 | Device and method for controlling three-dimensional polarization direction of microobjective focused light field |
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| US9068928B2 (en) * | 2010-09-03 | 2015-06-30 | The Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of The University Of Arizona | White light Sagnac interferometer polarimeters |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6687007B1 (en) * | 2000-12-14 | 2004-02-03 | Kestrel Corporation | Common path interferometer for spectral image generation |
| CN103293696A (en) * | 2013-05-27 | 2013-09-11 | 西北大学 | Device for generating arbitrary vector beams based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer |
| CN104913848A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-09-16 | 西安交通大学 | All-Stokes parameter white light double-Sagnac polarization imaging interferometer |
| CN105911682A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-08-31 | 南京航空航天大学 | Device and method for controlling three-dimensional polarization direction of microobjective focused light field |
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