CN107409984B - Floating seedling method for cultivating healthy strong seedlings by using biological organic liquid fertilizer - Google Patents
Floating seedling method for cultivating healthy strong seedlings by using biological organic liquid fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a floating seedling method for cultivating healthy and strong seedlings by using a biological organic liquid fertilizer, which comprises the working procedures of water adding, fertilizer application, tray placement and management. Firstly, discharging water into a floating seedling raising pond to enable the water depth to be 8-12 cm, and then according to the biological organic liquid fertilizer: water =1: and (2) adding a biological organic liquid fertilizer stock solution into water according to a volume ratio of 20-80, putting the floating tray with the sowed seeds into a floating seedling raising pool, and fertilizing and managing according to a conventional floating seedling raising method. The biological organic liquid fertilizer selected by the invention has the effects of activating soil nutrients, stimulating crop growth, improving tobacco seedling quality and increasing dry matter accumulation. The biological organic liquid fertilizer can completely replace the special tobacco seedling raising fertilizer in the seedling stage from the aspect of application effect, is suitable for all main cultivated varieties in flue-cured tobacco production, and has obvious effects of promoting the growth of tobacco seedlings, the development of leaves and the overground and underground coordinated growth even in autumn and winter with low temperature in the seedling stage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco floating seedling, and particularly relates to a floating seedling method for cultivating healthy and strong seedlings by using a biological organic liquid fertilizer.
Background
The cultivation of strong organic tobacco seedlings is the basis for obtaining high-quality and high-yield organic tobacco leaves, most of the nutrient components required by the tobacco seedlings in the floating seedling cultivation are supplied by nutrient solution, but the common floating seedling cultivation method in the prior art cannot meet the quality requirements of the production of green ecological high-quality tobacco leaves and organic tobacco leaves due to the main use of chemical fertilizers. As floating seedling is a seedling raising mode which has the largest popularization area and the most extensive use in recent years, a suitable organic fertilizer is searched for to replace a chemical fertilizer, and the method has important significance for realizing the aim of reducing the chemical fertilizer consumption by 20% in the thirteen-five period proposed by the State administration, developing the organic seedling raising technology of flue-cured tobacco and producing organic tobacco leaves. Based on the above, the invention aims to provide a floating seedling raising technology for culturing healthy and strong seedlings by using a biological organic liquid fertilizer, so that balanced nutrition is provided for the growth of tobacco seedlings, and the adaptability, the vitality and the anti-aging capability of the tobacco seedlings are improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a floating seedling method for cultivating healthy and strong seedlings by using a biological organic liquid fertilizer.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: the floating seedling method for cultivating healthy strong seedlings by using the biological organic liquid fertilizer comprises the following working procedures of water adding, fertilizer application, tray placement and management, and specifically comprises the following steps:
A. adding water: discharging water into the floating seedling raising pond to enable the water depth to be 8-12 cm;
B. fertilizing: according to the biological organic liquid fertilizer: water =1: 20-80, adding a biological organic liquid fertilizer stock solution into water;
C. placing a plate: putting the floating tray with the sowed seeds into a floating seedling culture pond;
D. management: and (4) managing according to a conventional floating seedling method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the biological organic liquid fertilizer selected by the invention is rich in humic acid, and has the functions of improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer, improving soil, stimulating the growth of crops and improving the quality of tobacco seedlings, and has the effects of enhancing the pesticide effect and reducing the pesticide residues. The contained probiotics such as pseudomonas has the effects of resisting diseases and insect pests, inhibiting the propagation of pathogenic microorganisms, preventing the harm of soil-borne microorganisms in soil to tobacco seedlings and improving the quality and the yield of the tobacco seedlings; the actinomucor elegans can secrete a large amount of enzymes, accelerate the decomposition of macromolecular substances of soil and activate soil nutrients; also contains various beneficial bacteria such as bacillus, brevibacterium, pseudomonas, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, azotobacter and the like. In addition, the biological organic liquid fertilizer also contains rich microelements such as iron, boron, manganese, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and the like, and has the effects of improving the crop yield and increasing the accumulation of dry matters. The biological organic liquid fertilizer is directly added into water by adopting a multi-point application method, is convenient to use, saves labor and time, can completely replace the special tobacco seedling raising fertilizer in the seedling stage from the aspect of application effect, further enhances the stress resistance of tobacco seedlings, is suitable for all main cultivated varieties in tobacco production, and has obvious good effects of promoting the growth of the tobacco seedlings, the development of leaves and the overground and underground coordinated growth even in autumn and winter with lower temperature in the seedling stage.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated but not limited in any way by the following description, and any alterations or substitutions based on the teachings of the present invention are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
The invention relates to a floating seedling method for cultivating healthy strong seedlings by using a biological organic liquid fertilizer, which comprises the following working procedures of water adding, fertilizer application, tray placement and management, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the water adding process comprises the following steps: discharging water into the floating seedling raising pond to enable the water depth to be 8-12 cm;
the fertilizing process comprises the following steps: according to the biological organic liquid fertilizer: water =1: 20-80, adding a biological organic liquid fertilizer stock solution into water;
the tray placing process comprises the following steps: putting the floating tray with the sowed seeds into a floating seedling culture pond;
the management process comprises the following steps: and (4) managing according to a conventional floating seedling method.
The water adding process is that the water discharging depth of the floating seedling raising pond is preferably 10 cm.
In the fertilizing procedure, the volume ratio of the biological organic liquid fertilizer to water is preferably 1: and (5) 50-60, adopting a multipoint adding method, and uniformly stirring.
The organic matter content of the raw liquid of the biological organic liquid fertilizer in the fertilizing procedure is more than or equal to 20 percent, the total nutrient content is more than or equal to 3.7 percent, the humic acid content is more than or equal to 5 percent, and the number of microorganisms is more than or equal to 40 multiplied by 108One/g, pH value of 6.5-7.5%, N: p2O5：K2O=1.8~2：0.8~1：2。
The raw liquid of the biological organic liquid fertilizer is preferably 'Ji Na Tai' biological organic liquid fertilizer, and the effective components are preferably: 22 percent of organic matter content, 5 percent of total nutrient content, 6.7 percent of humic acid content and 49 multiplied by 10 percent of microbial quantity8Per gram, pH 6.9%, N: p2O5：K2O is preferably 2:1: 2. the content of organic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 88 percent, and the content of organic medium trace elements is more than or equal to 90 percent.
The seeds in the tray placing procedure can be any one of all main cultivars in flue-cured tobacco production, can be Honghuadajinyuan or KRK26 with high fertilizer utilization rate, and can also be K326, Yunyan 87, Yunyan 97 or Yunyan 203 with low fertilizer utilization rate.
The management process means that the surface of the floating pond is not light-tight, the basement membrane is not water-tight, no nitrogen moss organisms are bred, and no insecticide and bactericide is added in the floating pond within 45 days in the whole seedling raising period.
Example 1
0.6 ton of water is discharged into the floating seedling raising pond to enable the water depth to be 8cm, and then according to the biological organic liquid fertilizer: water =1: 40, adding the 'Jinatai' biological organic liquid fertilizer stock solution into water by adopting a multi-point addition method, and uniformly stirring. The organic matter content of the 'Ji' na Tai biological organic liquid fertilizer is 22 percent, the total nutrient content is 5 percent, the humic acid content is 6.7 percent, and the microbial quantity is 49 multiplied by 108Per gram, pH 6.9, N: p2O5：K2O = 2:1: 2. and then placing the floating plate with the seeds of the Honghuadajinyuan into a floating seedling culture pond, and managing according to a conventional floating seedling culture method, wherein the plate surface in the floating pond is not light-tight, the basement membrane is not water-tight and the nitrogen moss organisms are not bred in the whole seedling culture period within 45 days.
Example 2
1.0 ton of water is discharged into the floating seedling raising pond to ensure that the water depth is 10cm, and then according to the biological organic liquid fertilizer: water =1: 50, adding the 'Jinatai' biological organic liquid fertilizer stock solution into water by adopting a multi-point addition method, and uniformly stirring. The nutrient status of the Ji Na Tai biological organic liquid fertilizer is the same as that of the example 1. And then placing the floating plate with the seeds of the Yunyan 87 into a floating seedling raising pool, and managing according to a conventional floating seedling raising method, wherein the plate surface in the floating pool is not light-tight, the basement membrane is not water-tight, and the nitrogen moss organisms are not bred in the floating pool within 45 days in the whole seedling raising period.
Example 3
1.2 tons of water are discharged into the floating seedling raising pond to ensure that the water depth is 12cm, and then according to the biological organic liquid fertilizer: water =1: 60, adding the 'Jinatai' biological organic liquid fertilizer stock solution into water by adopting a multi-point addition method, and uniformly stirring. The nutrient status of the Ji Na Tai biological organic liquid fertilizer is the same as that of the example 1. Next, the floating plate with the K326 seeds is placed into a floating seedling raising pool, management is carried out according to a conventional floating seedling raising method, and the plate surface in the floating pool is not light, the basement membrane is not water, and nitrogen moss organisms are not bred in the floating pool within 45 days in the whole seedling raising period.
Example 4
Test materials: the total nutrient content of the No. 1 biological organic liquid fertilizer is as follows: 2.8%, N: p2O5：K2O = 1.43: 1.28: 0.09 (containing trace elements and probiotics) and is a biological organic liquid fertilizer with the trade name of 'Ji Na Tai'. The total nutrient content of the No. 2 biological organic liquid fertilizer is as follows: 5%, N: p2O5：K2O = 2:1:2 (containing trace elements and probiotics) and is a biological organic liquid fertilizer with the trade name of 'Ji Na Tai', and the nutrient status of the two biological organic liquid fertilizers is detailed in a table 1.
TABLE 1 Genartay biological organic liquid fertilizer nutrient status
Test time: 2016, 8 months to 9 months.
Processing and setting: a total of 5 treatments were tested as follows:
treatment 1: 1# biological organic liquid fertilizer stock solution: water =1:10, placing the seeds into a floating seedling raising pool in a sowing period.
And (3) treatment 2: 1# biological organic liquid fertilizer stock solution: water =1: and 15, placing the seeds into a floating seedling raising pool in a sowing period.
And (3) treatment: 2# biological organic liquid fertilizer stock solution: water =1:10, placing the seeds into a floating seedling raising pool in a sowing period.
And (4) treatment: 2# biological organic liquid fertilizer stock solution: water =1: and 15, placing the seeds into a floating seedling raising pool in a sowing period.
And (4) treatment 5: and applying special fertilizer for seedling culture as a control.
And (3) test results: sowing seeds 8 months and 8 days in 2016, and seedlings are more orderly grown on 23 days in 8 months, and are observed and compared on 23 days in 9 months. The results are as follows: the effect of treating the No. 4 (2 biological organic liquid fertilizer, 1: 15) is better, and the main manifestations are that the root system of the tobacco plant is developed, and the uniformity of tobacco seedlings is high.
Example 5:
test materials: the test was carried out at the seek Dian scientific test base of Kunming City, Nicotiana, Yunnan province. The flue-cured tobacco variety is Yunyan 203, and the organic fertilizer is 'Jinatai' biological organic liquid fertilizer.
Test time: 2016, 10 months to 2017, 1 month.
Processing and setting: the test totaled 4 treatments, as follows:
treatment 1: ji na tai biological organic liquid fertilizer stock solution: water =1: and 60, placing the seeds into a floating seedling raising pool (the concentration is 1.7%) in a sowing period, wherein the ratio of N: p2O5：K2O=1.1：1.1：1.5。
And (3) treatment 2: ji na tai biological organic liquid fertilizer stock solution: water =1: and 60, placing the seeds into a floating seedling raising pool (the concentration is 1.7%) in a sowing period, wherein the ratio of N: p2O5：K2O=2：1：2。
And (3) treatment: ji na tai biological organic liquid fertilizer stock solution: water =1: and 60, placing the seeds into a floating seedling raising pool (the concentration is 1.7%) in a sowing period, wherein the ratio of N: p2O5：K2O=3：1：2。
CK: conventionally culturing seedlings, wherein the matrix is provided with a fertilizer and is applied to a water body for 2 times.
Sowing the seeds in 11 months and 4 days. And (3) carrying out floating seedling culture by using 325-hole floating plates, treating 1 pool (6 plates) for each time, uniformly preventing and controlling insect pests, and managing the rest measures according to strong seedling culture standards.
The test method comprises the following steps:
1. physiological and biochemical detection of tobacco seedling quality:
detection indexes are as follows: the leaf and root system are selected to separately detect 6 physiological and biochemical indexes from 1 heart of 6 leaves to 1 heart of 7 leaves of tobacco seedlings. Including chlorophyll (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b) content, proline (Pro), Malondialdehyde (MDA), amylase Activity (AMY), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Nitrate Reductase (NR) activity.
The sampling method comprises the following steps: sampling from 8 to 9 am, storing in a curling stone, and performing sample preparation and detection (after the sample is processed, storing in a refrigerator at 2 ℃).
a. Root system sampling: 20 strains were taken per dish, and 1 sample was taken per 10 strains. The root system was washed clean, and the root tip was taken 1/3 for each plant, the root system of 10 tobacco plants per sample.
b. Leaf sampling: 20 strains were taken per dish, and 1 sample was taken per 10 strains. 1 leaf per plant, and 10 leaves per sample, the leaf tip 1/5 of the 2 nd leaf below the heart leaf (less than 1 cm).
2. Observation and recording:
a standard reference tobacco agronomic trait investigation and measurement method YCT142-2010 and a tobacco pest classification and investigation method GB/T23222-2008 are recorded.
And (3) test results:
1. physiological and biochemical indexes of quality of tobacco seedlings in seedling stage
As shown in Table 2, compared with the control, the differences of the 4 physiological and biochemical indexes except the malonaldehyde content and the chlorophyll content are smaller in the 6 physiological and biochemical indexes. Wherein, the proline content (reflecting the stress degree of the adversity) is lower than the contrast, which indicates that the tobacco seedling treated by the Ji Na' biological organic liquid fertilizer has lower stress degree of the adversity; the amylase activity (reflecting the accumulation degree of dry matters) and the nitrate reductase activity (reflecting the activity of leaves and roots) exceed the control, which indicates that the dry matters of the treated tobacco seedlings are accumulated more, and the roots and the leaves have stronger activity; the activity of superoxide dismutase (reflecting the anti-aging capability of crops) is also higher than that of a control, which shows that the anti-aging capability of the treated tobacco seedlings is enhanced. Therefore, the 'Ji Na Tai' biological organic liquid fertilizer obviously enhances the adaptability, the vitality and the anti-aging capability of tobacco seedlings, obviously increases the accumulation of dry matters and creates favorable conditions for cultivating healthy disease-free strong seedlings.
TABLE 2-1 detection results of physiological and biochemical indexes of tobacco seedlings in seedling stage
Remarking: chlorophyll unit is mg.g-1. FW.
TABLE 2-2 detection results of enzyme Activity indexes of tobacco seedlings in seedling stage
Remarking: the superoxide dismutase unit is U g-1min-1(ii) a Nitrate reductase units of NO2-μg.g-1FW.h-1。
2. Seedling stage application mode verification test result
As seen in tables 3 and 4, the growth period progresses completely consistently between the different treatments, but the quality of the tobacco seedlings is different. The overall performance was best for treatment 2, comparable to Control (CK), while the remaining treatments showed poor overground (stem and leaf) development. Therefore, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium three-element ratio of the 'Jinatai' biological organic liquid fertilizer is as follows: 1:2, the fertilizer can completely replace inorganic fertilizer to cultivate strong seedlings.
TABLE 3 Observation and record of growth process in seedling stage
TABLE 4 statistical results of tobacco seedling quality index at seedling stage
And (3) measuring date: 1 month and 14 days 2017
Example 6
Test materials: the same as in example 5.
Test time: 2016, 10-12 months.
Processing and setting: the test totaled 4 treatments, as follows:
s1: ji na tai biological organic liquid fertilizer stock solution: water =1:10, placing the seeds into a floating seedling raising pool (the concentration is 10%) in a sowing period, wherein the ratio of N: p2O5：K2O=1.1：1.1：1.5。
S2: ji na tai biological organic liquid fertilizer stock solution: water =1:10, placing the seeds into a floating seedling raising pool (the concentration is 10%) in a sowing period, wherein the ratio of N: p2O5：K2O=2：1：2。
S3: ji na tai biological organic liquid fertilizer stock solution: water =1:10, placing the seeds into a floating seedling raising pool (the concentration is 10%) in a sowing period, wherein the ratio of N: p2O5：K2O=3：1：2。
CK: conventionally culturing seedlings, wherein the matrix is provided with a fertilizer and is applied to a water body for 2 times.
Sowing the seeds in 11 months and 4 days. And (4) floating seedling culture is carried out on all the treatments by using 162-hole floating plates, 1 standard pool (68 plates) is treated for each treatment, insect pest control is unified, and other measures are managed according to strong seedling culture standards.
The test method comprises the following steps: same as example 5
And (3) test results: as seen from Table 5, the overall quality of each treated tobacco shoot, S2 being the best, followed by S3, was comparable or superior to the control, while S1 was inferior and the overall quality was inferior to the control. Therefore, the processing result further proves that the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium formula of the 'Jinatai' biological organic liquid fertilizer in the seedling stage is as follows: 1:2, can be applied to replace special fertilizers for seedling culture.
TABLE 5 statistics of various indexes of quality of tobacco seedlings in seedling stage
In conclusion, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium element ratio of the Jinatai biological organic liquid fertilizer is 2:1:2, the growth of tobacco plants, the development of leaves and the coordinated growth on the ground and underground can be promoted, and the special seedling-raising fertilizer for tobacco can be completely replaced in the seedling stage to culture healthy disease-free strong seedlings. In the application mode, the seedling stage is as follows: 10 times of 'directly adding water in the floating seedling raising pond' is suitable, and the seedling raising method has a good effect even in the seedling stage with low temperature in autumn and winter (8-12 months).
Claims (5)
1. A floating seedling method for cultivating healthy and strong seedlings by using a biological organic liquid fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following working procedures of water adding, fertilizer application, tray placement and management, and specifically comprises the following steps:
A. adding water: discharging water into the floating seedling raising pond to enable the water depth to be 8-12 cm;
B. fertilizing: adding a biological organic liquid fertilizer stock solution into water according to the volume ratio of the biological organic liquid fertilizer to the water =1: 10; n: P of biological organic liquid fertilizer stock solution2O5:K2O is 2:1:2, the content of organic matters is 22 percent, the content of total nutrients is 5 percent, the content of humic acid is 6.7 percent, and the number of microorganisms is 49 multiplied by 108The content of organic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 88 percent, and the content of organic medium and trace elements is more than or equal to 90 percent;
C. placing a plate: putting the floating tray with the sowed seeds into a floating seedling culture pond; the seeds are any one of all main cultivars in flue-cured tobacco production;
D. management: and (4) managing according to a conventional floating seedling method.
2. The floating seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the depth of the water discharged from the floating seedling raising pond in the step A is 10 cm.
3. A floating seedling method according to claim 1, wherein the bio-organic liquid fertilizer stock solution in the step B is added by a multipoint adding method and is stirred uniformly.
4. The floating seedling method according to claim 1, wherein the seeds in step C are any one of Honghuadajinyuan, K326, Yunyan 87, Yunyan 203.
5. The floating seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the management in the step D comprises the steps of ensuring that the surface of the floating pond is not light-tight and the bottom membrane is not water-tight in 45 days in the whole seedling raising period, no nitrogen moss organisms are bred, and no insecticide and bactericide is added.
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| CN104961580A (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2015-10-07 | 南宁汉和生物科技有限公司 | Preparation method and application of biological organic-inorganic liquid fertilizer |
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