CN107398752A - Connecting rod process for machining method and Self-center-positioning mechanism used - Google Patents
Connecting rod process for machining method and Self-center-positioning mechanism used Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107398752A CN107398752A CN201710544677.5A CN201710544677A CN107398752A CN 107398752 A CN107398752 A CN 107398752A CN 201710544677 A CN201710544677 A CN 201710544677A CN 107398752 A CN107398752 A CN 107398752A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- major part
- pin
- connecting rod
- microcephaly
- part guide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
- B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to connecting rod process for machining method and Self-center-positioning mechanism used, its mold body for including being arranged on milling machine, the microcephaly for being vertically arranged in tire particularly and being installed in connecting rod small end hole are sold, are sleeved on microcephaly pin lower end root and upper surface is parallel with microcephaly's pin with the lower surface positioning of microcephaly's pin small head gasket, the centre bore that contact and are arranged on major part guide sleeve, the up and down major part guide pillar being arranged in major part guide sleeve centre bore, the major part endoporus taper pin for being arranged on major part guide pillar upper end by stud and being installed in crank pin end pore of tire particularly；The present invention is reasonable in design, compact-sized and easy to use.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to connecting rod process for machining method and Self-center-positioning mechanism used.
Background technology
Connecting rod blank is when being transferred to machining because outer surface is forging surface, and rough forging tolerance is ± 0.5mm, and size dissipates
Difference is larger, it is necessary to a positioning datum is milled out in machining side early stage, the processing technology used at present is using big
Capillus base side positions boring big end hole, then positions milling major part side locating surface with the good big end hole of boring, is processed for rear process
One positioning datum.
The disadvantage of the method：Because using major part black skin（Side）When processing big end hole as benchmark, tolerance+is forged
0.5mm, be already contained in, in the first procedure just by crank pin end pore to the design of the axiality of major part annulus 1mm's
Error.Connecting rod strength is influenceed it is very big, after subsequent engine installation very likely because connecting rod strength not enough caused by fail, occur
Serious security incident.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are generally speaking to provide a kind of connecting rod process for machining method and used
Self-center-positioning mechanism；The technical problem and acquirement beneficial effect solved in detail is in aftermentioned content and with reference to specific embodiment party
Content specifically describes in formula.The blank Self-center-positioning mechanism that the present invention is used in connecting rod positioning clamping tool, can meet connecting rod
Axiality requirement of the macropore to connecting rod annulus during roughing.Processing mode is positioned by adjusting, makes connecting rod in positioning process
Middle macropore and big end hole annulus axiality, ensure connecting rod strength, and reach product quality by changing process with this
Effectively lifting.
To solve the above problems, the technical solution used in the present invention is：
A kind of connecting rod machining Self-center-positioning mechanism used, including mold body on milling machine, it is vertically arranged in tire
Particularly and the pin of the microcephaly in connecting rod small end hole is installed on, microcephaly is sleeved on and sells lower end root and upper surface and microcephaly's pin lower surface
Small head gasket, the centre bore for positioning contact are parallel with microcephaly's pin and be arranged on tire major part guide sleeve particularly, up and down set
The major part guide pillar in major part guide sleeve centre bore is put, major part guide pillar upper end is arranged on by stud and is installed on connecting rod be big
Major part endoporus taper pin in head bore, the major part guide sleeve bonnet installed in major part guide sleeve lower end, it is arranged on major part guide pillar lower end
Jack-up spring between lower seam and major part guide sleeve bonnet, it is arranged on major part guide sleeve upper surface and upper surface and connecting rod are big
The big head gasket and contacted above big head gasket and with the positioning of crank pin end pore upper surface that the positioning of head bore lower surface contacts
Pressing plate；
Guide key groove is provided with major part guide sleeve centre bore madial wall, is provided with major part guide pillar lateral wall in feather key
The feather key slided in groove；Pressing plate is connected by bolt with mold body.
Further improvement as above-mentioned technical proposal：
Microcephaly's pin is rhombus pin.
The roller being in rolling contact with crank pin end pore inwall is provided with major part endoporus taper pin outer cone wall.
Roller surface quenches HRC65-85.
Microcephaly's pin, small head gasket, big head gasket and major part endoporus taper pin realize six point locations to connecting rod；In mold body
On be provided with and sell the centering technical face parallel with major part inner hole cone pin center point line with microcephaly.
A kind of connecting rod process for machining method, comprises the following steps：
Step a：Above-mentioned Self-center-positioning mechanism is installed on milling machine, by technical face centering；
Step b：First, to the blank connecting rod deburring of forging, seamed edge angle is repaiied；Then, the macropore of the blank is arranged on
On major part endoporus taper pin, the aperture of the blank is arranged on microcephaly's pin；Secondly, pressing plate, the small head bore of the blank are installed
Lower surface contacts with the positioning of small head gasket upper surface, and the big end hole lower surface of the blank connects with the positioning of big head gasket upper surface
Touch；
Step c：By on the basis of the central point of technical face and major part endoporus taper pin, program or drawn apart from the big rostral of milling by drawing
Face is major part locating surface；Rib is repaiied in deburring；
Step d：Roughing standard, line are used as by major part locating surface of step c major part locating surface；Then installed on boring machine curved
Plate, by line centering, boring pin major part endoporus；Or it is used as roughing standard, line by major part locating surface of step c major part locating surface；
Then installation clamping fixture and counterweight on vertical car, by line centering, car pin major part endoporus.
Beneficial effect：Since novel link process for machining method and Self-center-positioning mechanism use used, thoroughly solve
Determined because crank pin end pore and annulus coaxiality error are big caused by machining the problem of, current axiality up to below 0.3mm,
Conscientiously connecting rod product quality is ensure that, safety coefficient is improved for the operation of engine, certainly using such a process and is made by oneself
Engine damage accident caused by one cause macropore intensity difference did not occurred for position central authority.
Beneficial effects of the present invention not limited to this describes, and in order to preferably readily appreciate, enters in specific embodiment part
More detailed description is gone.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of connecting rod of the present invention.
Wherein：1st, mold body；2nd, little Tou Xiao；3rd, small head gasket；4th, pressing plate；5th, major part endoporus taper pin；6th, stud；7、
Major part guide pillar；8th, big head gasket；9th, major part guide sleeve；10th, major part guide sleeve bonnet；11st, spring is jacked up；12nd, lower seam；13、
Major part locating surface；14th, annulus.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1-2, the connecting rod machining of the present embodiment Self-center-positioning mechanism used, including on milling machine
Mold body 1, be vertically arranged on mold body 1 and be installed in connecting rod small end hole microcephaly's pin 2, be sleeved on the lower end of microcephaly's pin 2
Small head gasket 3 that root and upper surface contact with the positioning of the lower surface of microcephaly's pin 2, centre bore is parallel with microcephaly's pin 2 and is arranged on tire
Major part guide sleeve 9, the up and down major part guide pillar 7 being arranged in the centre bore of major part guide sleeve 9 on specific 1, by double end spiral shell
Bolt 6 be arranged on the upper end of major part guide pillar 7 and be installed in crank pin end pore major part endoporus taper pin 5, under major part guide sleeve 9
The major part guide sleeve bonnet 10 at end, it is arranged on the jack-up between seam 12 and major part guide sleeve bonnet 10 under the lower end of major part guide pillar 7
Spring 11, it is arranged on the upper surface of major part guide sleeve 9 and big head gasket that the positioning of upper surface and crank pin end pore lower surface contacts
8 and above big head gasket 8 and with the pressing plate 4 that contacts of crank pin end pore upper surface positioning；
Guide key groove is provided with the centre bore madial wall of major part guide sleeve 9, is provided with and is being oriented on the lateral wall of major part guide pillar 7
The feather key slided in keyway；Pressing plate 4 is connected by bolt with mold body 1.
Microcephaly's pin 2 is rhombus pin or taper rhombus pin, so as to realize auxiliary two-point locating.
The roller being in rolling contact with crank pin end pore inwall is provided with the outer cone wall of major part endoporus taper pin 5.
Roller surface quenches HRC65-85.
Microcephaly's pin 2, small head gasket 3, big head gasket 8 and major part endoporus taper pin 5 realize six point locations to connecting rod；In mold body
The centering technical face parallel with the central point line of major part endoporus taper pin 5 with microcephaly's pin 2 is provided with 1.Reasonable in design, technique is first
Enter.
The connecting rod process for machining method of the present embodiment, comprises the following steps：
Step a：Above-mentioned Self-center-positioning mechanism is installed on milling machine, by technical face centering；
Step b：First, to the blank connecting rod deburring of forging, seamed edge angle is repaiied；Then, the macropore of the blank is arranged on
On major part endoporus taper pin 5, the aperture of the blank is arranged on microcephaly's pin 2；Secondly, pressing plate 4, the microcephaly of the blank are installed
Hole lower surface contacts with the positioning of the small upper surface of head gasket 3, and the big end hole lower surface of the blank positions with the big upper surface of head gasket 8
Contact；
Step c：By on the basis of the central point of technical face and major part endoporus taper pin 5, program or drawn apart from milling major part by drawing
Side is major part locating surface 13；Rib is repaiied in deburring；
Step d：Roughing standard, line are used as by major part locating surface of step c major part locating surface；Then on boring machine TPX6113
Bent plate is installed, by line centering, boring pin major part endoporus；Or using step c major part locating surface be major part locating surface as roughing standard,
Line；Then installation clamping fixture and counterweight on vertical car C516, by line centering, car pin major part endoporus.
Beneficial effect：
1. disadvantage existing for changing original process, using Self-center-positioning mechanism, determines using first with major part blanking inner hole
Position, major part locating surface is processed, is then processed crank pin end pore using locating surface, the development of this mach process,
Crank pin end pore is ensure that in theory to the coaxial of macropore annulus 14, improves the intensity of big end.
2. Self-center-positioning mechanism top is designed using roller, to ensure that connecting rod blank can be contacted accurately, while roller
Using Surface hardening treatment, the service life of roller is improved.
3. Self-center-positioning mechanism major part guide sleeve is positioned using keyway, to ensure orientation angle and positioning accurate
Degree.
4. spring mechanism is designed in Self-center-positioning mechanism major part guide sleeve bottom, be because crank pin end pore forges tolerance ±
0.5mm, under the action of the spring, no matter forging that tolerance is much can effective positioning linkage rod center.
5. Self-center-positioning mechanism designs major part pressing plate, connecting rod is put into mechanism, because of spring-force driven dual, connecting rod two end face
It is not bonded with clamp body, connecting rod is pressed downward in the presence of pressing plate, while acts on positioning linkage rod major part center using guide-localization,
To reach the positioning of connecting rod end face, the effect at macropore Internal hole positioning center.
The present invention it is reasonable in design, cost is cheap, it is durable, safe and reliable, simple to operate, time saving and energy saving, save fund,
It is compact-sized and easy to use.
The present invention, which fully describes, to be disclosed in order to more clear, and is just no longer enumerated for prior art.
Finally it should be noted that：The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations；Although
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those within the art that：It still may be used
To be modified to the technical scheme described in previous embodiment, or equivalent substitution is carried out to which part technical characteristic；Make
It is obvious that multiple technical schemes of the present invention, which are combined, for those skilled in the art.And these are changed or replaced
Change, the essence of appropriate technical solution is departed from the spirit and scope of technical scheme of the embodiment of the present invention.
Claims (6)
- A kind of 1. connecting rod machining Self-center-positioning mechanism used, it is characterised in that：Including the mold body on milling machine (1), it is vertically arranged on mold body (1) and is installed on the microcephaly in connecting rod small end hole and sells (2), is sleeved on microcephaly's pin (2) lower end Root and upper surface and microcephaly sell the small head gasket (3) that the positioning of (2) lower surface contact, centre bore is parallel with microcephaly's pin (2) and sets Put the major part guide sleeve (9) on mold body (1), the up and down major part guide pillar being arranged in major part guide sleeve (9) centre bore (7) major part guide pillar (7) upper end and the major part endoporus taper pin being installed in crank pin end pore, are arranged on by stud (6) (5), the major part guide sleeve bonnet (10) installed in major part guide sleeve (9) lower end, be arranged on seam under major part guide pillar (7) lower end (12) the jack-up spring (11) between major part guide sleeve bonnet (10), be arranged on major part guide sleeve (9) upper surface and upper end Big head gasket (8) that the positioning of face and crank pin end pore lower surface contact and positioned at big head gasket (8) top and and big end The pressing plate (4) of hole upper surface positioning contact；Guide key groove is provided with major part guide sleeve (9) centre bore madial wall, is provided with major part guide pillar (7) lateral wall The feather key slided in guide key groove；Pressing plate (4) is connected by bolt with mold body (1).
- 2. connecting rod machining according to claim 1 Self-center-positioning mechanism used, it is characterised in that:Microcephaly sells (2) For rhombus pin.
- 3. connecting rod machining according to claim 2 Self-center-positioning mechanism used, it is characterised in that:In major part endoporus The roller being in rolling contact with crank pin end pore inwall is provided with taper pin (5) outer cone wall.
- 4. connecting rod machining according to claim 3 Self-center-positioning mechanism used, it is characterised in that:Roller surface Quench HRC65-85.
- 5. connecting rod machining according to claim 1 Self-center-positioning mechanism used, it is characterised in that:Microcephaly's pin (2), small head gasket (3), big head gasket (8) and major part endoporus taper pin (5) are to the point location of connecting rod six；Set on mold body (1) Have and sell (2) centering technical face parallel with major part endoporus taper pin (5) central point line with microcephaly.
- A kind of 6. connecting rod process for machining method, it is characterised in that:Comprise the following steps：Step a：Self-center-positioning mechanism described in claim any one of 1-5 is installed on milling machine, by technical face centering；Step b：First, to the blank connecting rod deburring of forging, seamed edge angle is repaiied；Then, the macropore of the blank is arranged on On major part endoporus taper pin (5), the aperture of the blank is arranged on microcephaly and sold on (2)；Secondly, installation pressing plate (4), the blank The positioning of small head bore lower surface and small head gasket (3) upper surface contact, the big end hole lower surface of the blank and big head gasket (8) Upper surface positioning contact；Step c：By on the basis of the central point of technical face and major part endoporus taper pin (5), program or draw big apart from milling by drawing Rostral face is major part locating surface（13）；Rib is repaiied in deburring；Step d：With step c major part locating surface（13）Be major part locating surface as roughing standard, line；Then installed on boring machine Bent plate, by line centering, boring pin major part endoporus；Or using step c major part locating surface as major part locating surface（13）As roughing standard, Line；Then installation clamping fixture and counterweight on vertical car, by line centering, car pin major part endoporus.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710544677.5A CN107398752B (en) | 2017-07-06 | 2017-07-06 | Connecting rod process for machining method and Self-center-positioning mechanism used |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710544677.5A CN107398752B (en) | 2017-07-06 | 2017-07-06 | Connecting rod process for machining method and Self-center-positioning mechanism used |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107398752A true CN107398752A (en) | 2017-11-28 |
| CN107398752B CN107398752B (en) | 2019-07-19 |
Family
ID=60405380
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710544677.5A Active CN107398752B (en) | 2017-07-06 | 2017-07-06 | Connecting rod process for machining method and Self-center-positioning mechanism used |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN107398752B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113458826A (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2021-10-01 | 常州机电职业技术学院 | Slotting machine fixture for slotting key groove of inner hole of automobile part bent arm |
| CN115365770A (en) * | 2022-09-19 | 2022-11-22 | 中船华南船舶机械有限公司 | Method for processing connecting rod head |
Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20030146556A1 (en) * | 2002-02-06 | 2003-08-07 | Phillips Randy Stuart | Interchangeable locating pin assembly for locating manufactured parts |
| CN202780600U (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2013-03-13 | 广西玉柴机器股份有限公司 | Manual floating locating pin |
| CN202846183U (en) * | 2012-08-20 | 2013-04-03 | 云南西仪工业股份有限公司 | Machining tool for connecting rod protruding platform surface and bolt hole |
| CN202910584U (en) * | 2012-10-06 | 2013-05-01 | 杭州九龙机械制造有限公司 | Automobile connecting rod outer circle clamp |
| CN203281905U (en) * | 2013-06-09 | 2013-11-13 | 重庆大江工业有限责任公司 | Jig for installing conical roller bearing outer rings of vehicle axle hub |
| CN103801952A (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2014-05-21 | 洛阳东方动力机械有限公司 | Positioning fixture for hole machining |
| CN204565656U (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2015-08-19 | 中国一拖集团有限公司 | A kind of workpiece blank positioner |
| CN204658020U (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2015-09-23 | 中信戴卡股份有限公司 | A kind of knuckle removes gate fixture |
| CN204976130U (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2016-01-20 | 天润曲轴股份有限公司 | Turning attachment of turning engine connecting rod |
| CN205415011U (en) * | 2016-03-14 | 2016-08-03 | 中国人民解放军军事交通学院 | Milling fixture of bolt hole terminal surface of car connecting rod |
| CN205437879U (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-08-10 | 承德苏垦银河连杆股份有限公司 | Rod positioning face anchor clamps |
-
2017
- 2017-07-06 CN CN201710544677.5A patent/CN107398752B/en active Active
Patent Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20030146556A1 (en) * | 2002-02-06 | 2003-08-07 | Phillips Randy Stuart | Interchangeable locating pin assembly for locating manufactured parts |
| CN202846183U (en) * | 2012-08-20 | 2013-04-03 | 云南西仪工业股份有限公司 | Machining tool for connecting rod protruding platform surface and bolt hole |
| CN202780600U (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2013-03-13 | 广西玉柴机器股份有限公司 | Manual floating locating pin |
| CN202910584U (en) * | 2012-10-06 | 2013-05-01 | 杭州九龙机械制造有限公司 | Automobile connecting rod outer circle clamp |
| CN203281905U (en) * | 2013-06-09 | 2013-11-13 | 重庆大江工业有限责任公司 | Jig for installing conical roller bearing outer rings of vehicle axle hub |
| CN103801952A (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2014-05-21 | 洛阳东方动力机械有限公司 | Positioning fixture for hole machining |
| CN204658020U (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2015-09-23 | 中信戴卡股份有限公司 | A kind of knuckle removes gate fixture |
| CN204565656U (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2015-08-19 | 中国一拖集团有限公司 | A kind of workpiece blank positioner |
| CN204976130U (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2016-01-20 | 天润曲轴股份有限公司 | Turning attachment of turning engine connecting rod |
| CN205437879U (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-08-10 | 承德苏垦银河连杆股份有限公司 | Rod positioning face anchor clamps |
| CN205415011U (en) * | 2016-03-14 | 2016-08-03 | 中国人民解放军军事交通学院 | Milling fixture of bolt hole terminal surface of car connecting rod |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113458826A (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2021-10-01 | 常州机电职业技术学院 | Slotting machine fixture for slotting key groove of inner hole of automobile part bent arm |
| CN115365770A (en) * | 2022-09-19 | 2022-11-22 | 中船华南船舶机械有限公司 | Method for processing connecting rod head |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN107398752B (en) | 2019-07-19 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103939454B (en) | A kind of engine cracking connection rod and processing method thereof | |
| CN206854956U (en) | A kind of guider of knuckle rubber bushing press-mounting frock | |
| CN107398752A (en) | Connecting rod process for machining method and Self-center-positioning mechanism used | |
| CN205414097U (en) | A prefabricated hole mould for standard hole expansion test | |
| CN102699190B (en) | Flange mould system of shell branch hole of high-voltage switch | |
| CN202655468U (en) | High-voltage switch housing branch hole flanging die device | |
| CN205704018U (en) | Snap spring assembling tool in a kind of steel wire | |
| CN103496652B (en) | For the floating plug device of the device that hoists with car | |
| CN216370524U (en) | Internal spline class gear grinding fixture | |
| CN205834101U (en) | Automatic assembling device | |
| CN209736689U (en) | Positioning device for solving eccentric boring of high-carbon steel cracking connecting rod bushing hole | |
| CN203926466U (en) | Camshaft and timing gear linkage structure | |
| CN207395642U (en) | A kind of wheel hub blank flatness check device | |
| CN104259910B (en) | Differential casing floating type vehicle clamper and clamping method | |
| CN206732916U (en) | A kind of electromotor rotor pressing enters bearing arrangement | |
| CN218363163U (en) | General shaft tube and shaft head matching device | |
| CN206263303U (en) | A kind of spacing hole processing clamp of driving engine plug | |
| CN203667896U (en) | Floating top device for vehicle-following lifter | |
| CN205732764U (en) | Drift hammer and perforation die fit structure | |
| CN221018780U (en) | General drilling positioning tool | |
| CN204799797U (en) | Symmetry U type support side blow circular arc and compound die that punches a hole | |
| CN215467539U (en) | Automatic centering punching press frock | |
| CN212443057U (en) | Cold-heading mould of injection molding head recess | |
| CN214349384U (en) | Rotary upsetting platform of press | |
| CN218503238U (en) | Device for improving core structure of large blind hole forging |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |