Background
The term rhizosphere was proposed by hilted in 1904 and refers to the surface of the roots of plants and the soil area directly affected by the root system. Rhizosphere microorganisms differ from microorganisms other than rhizosphere in both quantity and quality.
Plant rhizosphere microorganisms (rhizosphere microorganisms), microorganisms that grow and reproduce in soil areas directly affected by the plant root system. There are bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, algae, protozoa, and the like.
Typically several to tens of times more than outside the rhizosphere. They are in a mutual growth relationship with plants, and interact and promote with plant roots. A large amount of microorganisms are gathered around the root system to convert organic matters into inorganic matters, thereby providing effective nutrients for plants; meanwhile, the microorganisms can also secrete vitamins, growth stimulants and the like to promote plant growth. In the process of plant growth, dead root systems, fallen matters (root hairs, epidermal cells, root crowns and the like) of the roots and inorganic matters and organic matters secreted by the root systems to the outside of the roots are important nutrient sources and energy sources of microorganisms; rhizosphere microorganisms are predominantly bacterial and are predominantly gram-negative.
Most rhizosphere microorganisms are harmless to plants, and some of them have a promoting effect on plant growth and some of them cause plant diseases. Beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms can help the indissolvable minerals to dissolve, increase the absorption of phosphorus and other mineral elements by plants, even secrete plant growth hormone, and promote the growth of the plants.
The azotobacter can promote nitrogen fixation of plants, enhance plant nutrition and greatly promote growth of the plants, but the azotobacter can not be well propagated at the rhizosphere of all the plants, and the azotobacter with small quantity plays a very weak role.
The agrobacterium is a common harmful bacterium in production, is rod-shaped, has the size of 1.5-0.3 mu m multiplied by 0.6-1.0 mu m, and is arranged in single pair. No spores were formed. Is gram negative. Move with 1-6 hairs. Strictly aerobic, with molecular oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. Some strains can breathe anaerobically in the presence of nitrate. Most strains can grow in plant tissues with low oxygen pressure, the optimal temperature is 25-28 ℃, bacterial colonies are usually convex, the whole edges are smooth, and the bacterial colonies are free of pigments and light grayish yellow. Exopolysaccharide mucus is often produced abundantly on carbohydrate media. The plant parasitizes at the root of the plant to form tumor, and can invade the root cap, root and stem of many dicotyledons and gymnosperms through wounds, so that the plant cells spontaneously proliferate to become tumor cells.
How to promote the propagation of beneficial microorganisms in plant rhizosphere and inhibit the propagation of harmful microorganisms in the rhizosphere is an important research topic in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a macroelement fertilizer for promoting the propagation of beneficial microorganisms of plant rhizosphere and application thereof to solve the defects in the prior art, so as to realize the following purposes:
(1) promoting the reproduction of beneficial microorganisms of plant rhizosphere; (2) inhibiting the propagation of harmful microbe in plant rhizosphere.
In order to solve the technical problems, the following technical scheme is adopted:
a macroelement fertilizer for promoting the reproduction of beneficial microorganisms of plant rhizosphere comprises the following raw material components: potassium nitrate, monopotassium phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, phosphorus nitrate, calcium nitrate, black humic acid, fulvic acid, chelated trace elements, amino acid chelated calcium and magnesium sulfate.
The macroelement fertilizer comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 5-6 parts of potassium nitrate, 6-6.5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2.5-3.5 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 3.5-4.5 parts of urea, 0.8-1.2 parts of phosphorus nitrate, 1.2-1.8 parts of calcium nitrate, 24-24.5 parts of black humic acid, 19.5-20.2 parts of fulvic acid, 7.2-7.8 parts of chelated trace elements, 2.5-3.0 parts of amino acid chelated calcium and 4-6 parts of magnesium sulfate.
The macroelement fertilizer comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 5.8 parts of potassium nitrate, 6.2 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 3 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 4 parts of urea, 1 part of phosphorus nitrate, 1.5 parts of calcium nitrate, 24.2 parts of black humic acid, 19.8 parts of fulvic acid, 7.5 parts of chelated trace elements, 2.8 parts of amino acid chelated calcium and 5 parts of magnesium sulfate.
The chelated trace elements are as follows: the feed additive is prepared by mixing methionine chelated zinc, cysteine chelated copper and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid chelated iron in a mass ratio of 1:7: 3.
The amino acid chelated calcium: is aspartate calcium chelate, wherein the calcium content is 12.5%.
The black humic acid: is black crystal particle with fineness of 60 meshes, organic matter content of 75% and pH of 5.2.
The fulvic acid: the crystal is a potassium fulvate crystal, the content of dry fulvic acid is 75%, the content of nucleic acid is 8%, the content of amino acid is 2.5%, and the content of water is 2%.
The preparation method of the macroelement fertilizer comprises the following steps:
firstly, uniformly mixing black humic acid, potassium nitrate and monopotassium phosphate to obtain a material A; uniformly mixing fulvic acid, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, phosphorus nitrate and calcium nitrate to obtain a material B; heating the material A at 89-90 deg.C for 20min, adding the material B into the material A, and heating at 85-88 deg.C for 45 min; then, cooling to 25 ℃, and sequentially adding chelated trace elements, amino acid chelated calcium and magnesium sulfate; after stirring evenly, introducing the materials into a ball mill for ball milling until 100 percent of the materials pass through a 200-mesh sieve.
The application of the macroelement fertilizer for promoting the propagation of beneficial microorganisms in plant rhizosphere obviously promotes the propagation of azotobacter in plant rhizosphere.
The use of a macroelement fertilizer for promoting the propagation of beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms of plants according to claim 9, wherein the macroelement fertilizer comprises: the macroelement fertilizer is applied to soil before being used for planting plants, and the application amount is 150 kg/mu.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) effectively promoting the propagation of the rhizosphere beneficial microorganism azotobacter chroococcum, wherein the average diameter of a single colony of the azotobacter chroococcum is increased from 0.2-0.4cm to 0.6-0.82 cm;
(2) effectively inhibiting the reproduction of rhizosphere beneficial microorganism Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and reducing the average diameter of a single colony of the Agrobacterium from 0.35-0.45cm to 0.12-23cm;
(3) the number of azotobacter chroococcum in the soil is about 3 multiplied by 104Per gram of soil; after the macroelement fertilizer is used for one season, the number of azotobacter chroococcum in the soil is about 5 multiplied by 107Per gram.
(4) In a land parcel with the root cancer incidence rate of 60 percent, 150 kg/mu of the macroelement fertilizer is applied firstly; and planting healthy eggplant seedling plants for one season, and finding that the incidence of root cancer of the plant is reduced to 7.2%.
Detailed Description
Example 1A macroelement fertilizer for promoting the reproduction of beneficial microorganisms in the rhizosphere of plants
5.8 parts of potassium nitrate, 6.2 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 3 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 4 parts of urea, 1 part of phosphorus nitrate, 1.5 parts of calcium nitrate, 24.2 parts of black humic acid, 19.8 parts of fulvic acid, 7.5 parts of chelated trace elements, 2.8 parts of amino acid chelated calcium and 5 parts of magnesium sulfate;
the chelated trace elements are as follows: the feed additive is prepared by mixing methionine chelated zinc, cysteine chelated copper and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid chelated iron in a mass ratio of 1:7: 3;
the amino acid chelated calcium: is aspartic acid chelated calcium, wherein the calcium content is 12.5%;
the black humic acid: black crystal particles with the fineness of 60 meshes, 75 percent of organic matter content and the pH value of 5.2;
the fulvic acid: the crystal is a potassium fulvate crystal, the content of dry fulvic acid is 75%, the content of nucleic acid is 8%, the content of amino acid is 2.5%, and the content of water is 2%;
the preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, uniformly mixing black humic acid, potassium nitrate and monopotassium phosphate to obtain a material A; uniformly mixing fulvic acid, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, phosphorus nitrate and calcium nitrate to obtain a material B; heating the material A at 89-90 deg.C for 20min, adding the material B into the material A, and heating at 85-88 deg.C for 45 min; then, cooling to 25 ℃, and sequentially adding chelated trace elements, amino acid chelated calcium and magnesium sulfate; after uniformly stirring, introducing the materials into a ball mill for ball milling until 100 percent of the materials pass through a 200-mesh sieve; obtaining the macroelement fertilizer for promoting the propagation of beneficial microorganisms in plant rhizosphere.
Example 2 one-way assay for chelated trace elements
The macroelement fertilizer for promoting the propagation of beneficial microorganisms of plant rhizosphere and the preparation method thereof are adopted to prepare the fertilizer, and the examples 2-4 are carried out only by changing the types of chelated trace elements; see table 1 for details;
TABLE 1 chelated trace element species
Fertilizers were prepared using the single species of chelated trace elements of examples 2-4, respectively.
Example 5 one-way analysis experiment of the amount of calcium amino acid chelate added
The macroelement fertilizer for promoting the propagation of beneficial microorganisms of plant rhizosphere and the preparation method thereof are adopted to prepare the fertilizer, the mass fractions of other components are kept unchanged, and the examples 5-8 are carried out by only changing the dosage of the amino acid chelated calcium; see table 2 for details;
TABLE 2 amount of calcium amino acid chelate
Fertilizers were prepared using the parts by mass of the calcium amino acid chelate of examples 5-8, respectively.
Example 9A macroelement fertilizer for promoting the reproduction of beneficial microorganisms in plant rhizosphere
The fertilizer is prepared by adopting the formula of the macroelement fertilizer for promoting the propagation of beneficial microorganisms in plant rhizosphere in the embodiment 1, and only the preparation method is changed to be that: the raw material components are mixed, stirred uniformly, ground to 100 percent and sieved by a 200-mesh sieve to obtain a finished product.
The macroelement fertilizers of examples 1-9 were added to the culture medium, respectively, the macroelement fertilizers accounted for 10% of the medium mass, and the specific medium composition was: 50g of yeast extract, 80g of mannitol, 50g of agar and 20g of macroelement fertilizer;
respectively carrying out streak inoculation on azotobacter and agrobacterium on the culture medium containing the macroelement fertilizer of the embodiment 1-9, culturing for 48 hours at the temperature of 32-37 ℃, and observing and counting the average diameter of single colonies of the two bacteria on the culture medium after the culture is finished; specific results are shown in table 3;
TABLE 3
The azotobacter is azotobacter chroococcum with the preservation number of CICC 21686; the agrobacterium is agrobacterium tumefaciens with the accession number of ACCC 10601; the above strains are all commercially available.
As can be seen from table 3:
(1) single factor analysis experiment of the kind of chelated trace elements:
the results, which relate to examples 1 to 4, show that example 1 is the preferred example;
(2) single factor analysis experiment of the amount of amino acid chelated calcium:
referring to examples 5-8, the results show that example 7 is the preferred example;
comprehensively obtaining the chelated trace elements, wherein the preferred types of the chelated trace elements are the combination of methionine chelated zinc, cysteine chelated copper and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid chelated iron in a mass ratio of 1:7: 3;
the dosage of the amino acid chelated calcium is preferably 8.5 parts;
(3) comparing example 1 with example 9, it is clear that the macroelement fertilizer obtained by the preparation method of example 1 can significantly promote the propagation of azotobacter and inhibit the propagation of agrobacterium tumefaciens compared to the conventional blending method.
Example 10A Macro-element fertilizer for promoting the reproduction of beneficial microorganisms in the rhizosphere of plants
5.8 parts of potassium nitrate, 6.2 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 3 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 4 parts of urea, 1 part of phosphorus nitrate, 1.5 parts of calcium nitrate, 24.2 parts of black humic acid, 19.8 parts of fulvic acid, 7.5 parts of chelated trace elements, 8.5 parts of amino acid chelated calcium and 5 parts of magnesium sulfate;
the chelated trace elements are as follows: the feed additive is prepared by mixing methionine chelated zinc, cysteine chelated copper and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid chelated iron in a mass ratio of 1:7: 3;
the amino acid chelated calcium: is aspartic acid chelated calcium, wherein the calcium content is 12.5%;
the black humic acid: black crystal particles with the fineness of 60 meshes, 75 percent of organic matter content and the pH value of 5.2;
the fulvic acid: the crystal is a potassium fulvate crystal, the content of dry fulvic acid is 75%, the content of nucleic acid is 8%, the content of amino acid is 2.5%, and the content of water is 2%;
the preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, uniformly mixing black humic acid, potassium nitrate and monopotassium phosphate to obtain a material A; uniformly mixing fulvic acid, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, phosphorus nitrate and calcium nitrate to obtain a material B; heating the material A at 89-90 deg.C for 20min, adding the material B into the material A, and heating at 85-88 deg.C for 45 min; then, cooling to 25 ℃, and sequentially adding chelated trace elements, amino acid chelated calcium and magnesium sulfate; after uniformly stirring, introducing the materials into a ball mill for ball milling until 100 percent of the materials pass through a 200-mesh sieve; obtaining the macroelement fertilizer for promoting the propagation of beneficial microorganisms in plant rhizosphere.
Experiments show that 150 kg/mu of the macroelement fertilizer is applied to a land parcel with the root cancer incidence rate of the plant of the eggplant planted for a long time and reaching 60 percent; then planting healthy eggplant seedling plants for one season, finding that the incidence rate of root cancer of the plant is reduced to 7.2 percent, and obviously, the macroelement fertilizer has obvious effect of inhibiting the propagation of agrobacterium tumefaciens;
in the experiment, the soil of the plant rhizosphere is diluted by 5 times by distilled water and counted by a microscope, and the result shows that before the macroelement fertilizer is used, the number of azotobacter chroococcum in the soil is about 3 multiplied by 104Per gram; after the macroelement fertilizer is used for one season, the number of azotobacter chroococcum in the soil is about 5 multiplied by 107Per gram.
In conclusion, the macroelement fertilizer obviously promotes the propagation of beneficial microorganisms at the rhizosphere of soil and inhibits the propagation of harmful microorganisms.
Except for special description, the proportions are mass ratios, and the percentages are mass percentages.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. The foregoing is illustrative of the best mode of the invention, and details not described herein are within the common general knowledge of a person of ordinary skill in the art; the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims, and any equivalent modifications based on the technical teaching of the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention.