CN107381827B - Spirogyra and attached algae control method based on water quality maintenance - Google Patents
Spirogyra and attached algae control method based on water quality maintenance Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for inhibiting spirogyra formation and controlling attached algae biomass increase, which can be applied to the field of water body ecological restoration. The method comprises stocking fish in water area for ecological restoration by constructing submerged plant community structure; the freshwater mussels are put in 10 days after the fish are put in, and the ecological effects of the fish and the freshwater mussels in the system are utilized to achieve the effects of inhibiting the formation of spirogyra and controlling the increase of the biomass of the attached algae on the surfaces of the submerged plant leaves under the condition that the water quality of a water body and the underwater illumination condition are not obviously influenced, so that the long-acting and sustainable control effect of the fish on the attached algae on the surfaces of the plant leaves and the spirogyra is maintained. On the basis of integrating the existing biological water purification technology, the invention realizes long-acting and ecological control on the biomass of algae attached to the surfaces of spirogyra and plant leaves by stocking fish and filter-feeding benthos in the system and utilizing the combined action of the fish and the filter-feeding benthos.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a method for controlling spirogyra formation and inhibiting attached algae biomass increase on the premise of water quality maintenance.
Background
Water eutrophication is one of the water environment problems widely concerned by countries in the world, and often causes steady state transformation of fresh water ecosystems, i.e. transformation of clear water state (high transparency and clear water) with submerged plants as main primary producers into turbid water state (low transparency and turbid water) with phytoplankton as main primary producers. Therefore, in order to better utilize lake resources, restoring the eutrophic lake to the state before eutrophication becomes an urgent problem to be solved. The water body with higher coverage of the submerged plants is generally higher in transparency and clear, and plays a key role in maintaining the stability of the structure and the function of a clear ecological system through action mechanisms of inhibiting sediment resuspension, reducing internal nutrient load, inhibiting phytoplankton growth and the like. Therefore, in ecological restoration of shallow water eutrophic lakes, restoration of submerged plant communities is often used as an important means for ecological restoration.
However, in the ecological restoration practice which mainly adopts restoration or construction of a stable submerged plant community structure, attached algae often forms higher biomass on the surface of plant leaves, large-area spirogyra is easy to form on the water surface, and how to control the biomass of the attached algae and inhibit the formation of spirogyra has no ecological and long-acting control technology so far. At present, three measures for preventing filamentous algae outbreak at home and abroad are mainly adopted: (1) the physical method comprises the following steps: the method is the most common method, has quick and safe effect, but has higher operation difficulty and high cost, and the algae filaments are easy to break during fishing, so that the mass propagation of the algae is more easy to promote, and the problem of large burst of filamentous algae cannot be fundamentally solved; (2) the chemical method comprises the following steps: the method has the advantages that the method takes effect quickly, but the chemical substances can only play a role when the chemical substances maintain higher concentration in the water body, and the chemical substances have toxicity, are easy to cause secondary pollution to the water environment, can also cause the death of submerged plants and influence the water quality of the water body; in addition, chemical means are generally commonly used for emergency treatment of large-area spirogyra outbreak and have little effect on long-term control of attached algae and spirogyra; (3) the biological method comprises the following steps: mainly utilizes a biological manipulation theory to achieve the aim of controlling algae, such as snails, invertebrates (chironomid larvae and the like) and the like which can graze and attach algae to a certain degree, but related reports on the grazing of filamentous algae by the snails and the invertebrates are not seen so far, and a long-acting ecological control technology for biomass of the filamentous algae and the attached algae is also lacked. Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the ecological method for controlling the biomass of filamentous algae and plant surface attached algae in a long-acting manner is urgently needed by combining the growth characteristics of attached algae and spirogyra, and the key technology which needs to be solved urgently is the ecological restoration of the fresh water ecosystem at the present stage.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical object of the present invention is to design a technical method capable of inhibiting spirogyra formation and controlling an increase in attached algae biomass while maintaining water quality, thereby achieving the effects of inhibiting spirogyra formation and controlling an increase in attached algae biomass on the surface of leaves of submerged plants without significantly affecting water quality and underwater illumination conditions of a water body.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
a technical method for controlling spirogyra and attached algae based on water quality maintenance comprises the following steps:
(1) the fish of raising rhodeus: and throwing the bitterling in a water area for ecological restoration by constructing a submerged plant community structure.
(2) And (4) putting the freshwater mussels: and throwing the freshwater mussels within 10 days of stocking the fishes in the rhodeus.
The biomass ratio of the freshwater mussels and the rhodeus in the steps (1) and (2) is 10-30: 1; the preferred biomass ratio of freshwater mussel to rhodeus is 30: 1.
The water area in the step (1) of the invention is a river, a pond, a lake and other water areas in which submerged plants can grow.
The submerged plant in the step (1) of the invention is tape grass.
The freshwater mussel is preferably hyriopsis cumingii.
The freshwater mussel feeding density in the step (1) of the invention is 1-3/m2(ii) a The preferable freshwater mussel throwing density is 1/m2。
The specification of the freshwater mussel in the step (1) is 130-; preferably 180 g per mussel.
The bitterling fish in step (2) of the present invention is preferably large fin .
The feeding density of the bitterling fishes in the step (2) is 1-3 tails/m2(ii) a The preferable feeding density of bitterling is 1/m2。
The bitterling specification in the step (2) is 8-10 cm in total length and 5-8 g/tail in body weight; preferably, bitterling with a body length of 9cm and a weight of 7 g/tail.
The beneficial effect of the invention is that under the condition that the water quality and the underwater illumination condition of the water body are not obviously changed, the biomass ratio of rhodeus and freshwater mussels is artificially regulated and controlled, so that the effects of inhibiting spirogyra formation and controlling the increase of attached algae biomass are achieved.
The freshwater mussels are beneficial to improving the underwater illumination condition, and can also provide a spawning place for bitterling, so that the development of populations of the bitterling is promoted. Rhodeus belongs to small omnivorous fishes, the food sources of Rhodeus are wide, but reports on the ingestion of spirogyra by rhodeus have not been found so far. And bitterling can inhibit the formation of spirogyra by feeding spirogyra on the surface of the plant. In addition, rhodeus may form a dominant population in lakes where submerged plants are dominant, and is also not susceptible to predation by carnivorous fish (such as snakeheads and mandarin fish). For example, in an ecological restoration demonstration engineering area of Wuli lake without stannum, the fish community structure is mainly omnivorous fishes, wherein the fishes bitterling (big fin ) are mainly bitterly; carnivorous fishes in the lake mainly feed on grass shrimps, and bitterling contributes less than 5% to the feeding property of the fishes. Therefore, under the goal of ensuring good water quality and strong underwater illumination conditions, the biomass ratio of rhodeus and freshwater mussels in the water body is regulated, so that the biomass of spirogyra and other attached algae in the system can be effectively controlled, and the method is an attached algae ecological control technical means which is urgently needed for ecological restoration of eutrophic lakes at the present stage.
The action principle of the invention is to completely utilize the existing ecological mechanism in nature, and no secondary pollution to the environment exists. In addition, compared with the existing method for physically and chemically controlling spirogyra, the method has the advantages of no influence on water quality and underwater illumination, less investment, easy operation, quick response, lasting effect and difficult repetition, and can promote the development of the ecological restoration technology of the eutrophic water body.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the amounts of algae attached to the surface of the leaves of tape grass and spirogyra organisms attached to the surface of the leaves in different treatment groups in example 1.
FIG. 2 is a graph of the ratio of 20 and 30 cm underwater to the intensity of water illumination for different treatment groups in example 1.
FIG. 3 is a graph of the total suspended particulate concentration in water and the relative organic and inorganic matter content of the water in different treatment groups of example 1.
Detailed Description
Example 1A method for controlling spirogyra formation and biomass increase of attached algae on the surface of eel grass by fish and benthic animals
A. An experimental system: 10cm of lake mud filtered by a steel wire mesh with the mesh of 0.5 cm is contained in a polyethylene plastic bucket with the volume of 200L, and then lake water is placed to a position 15 cm away from the bucket opening. A total of 18 buckets are required, 6 processing groups are set, namely a control group, a freshwater mussel group, a 2 rhodeus density group (1 and 3 fishes) and a 2 rhodeus-freshwater compound group (freshwater mussel +1 rhodeus PANG and freshwater mussel +3 rhodeus PANG), and 3 repetitions are set for each processing group.
B. And (3) cultivating the tape grass: selecting herba Swertiae Dilutae with consistent size, and cutting off withered old leaves at the tail end of the herba Swertiae Dilutae leaves for use. Selecting herba Swertiae Dilutae with average leaf length of 25cm, wherein the biomass of single plant of herba Swertiae Dilutae is 5.5 g. Planting 20 plants of tape grass in each test bucket, wherein the planting biomass of the tape grass is 418.3 g/m2Is close to the biomass of the tape grass in the ecological restoration lake.
C. Rhodeus selection and stocking: the rhodeus was selected as large fin , 8.5 cm full length, and 7 g/tail body weight. Breeding 1 large fin in each barrel of a freshwater mussel +1 rhodeus oceani experimental group; bitterling 3 bitterling was stocked in each experimental apparatus of freshwater +3 bitterling experimental group. The stocking time of rhodeus is 7 days after the picrass is planted.
D. Selecting and releasing freshwater mussels: the selected freshwater mussel types are the hyriopsis cumingii widely distributed in each large water area of China. The weight of freshwater mussels is 180 g/mussel, and 1 freshwater mussel is domesticated in each barrel of a freshwater mussel, a freshwater mussel +1 rhodeus and a freshwater mussel +3 rhodeus PANG experiment group. The freshwater mussel is released for 10 days by the large fin .
E. The biomass ratio of freshwater mussel to rhodeus: the ratio of freshwater mussels to rhodeus panying biomass in freshwater mussel +1 rhodeus panying experimental group was about 30: 1; the biomass ratio of the freshwater mussel +3 rhodeus bitterling experimental group was about 10: 1.
F. attaching algae biomass to the surface of a plant leaf: the duration of the experiment was 6 weeks, and at the end of the experiment, the attached algal biomass (expressed as chlorophyll content per unit area) on the surface of the tape grass leaf was measured. At the end of the experiment, the biomass of algae attached to the surfaces of the bitterling of the freshwater mussel group and the control group is obviously higher than that of the experimental group which only puts in bitterling and simultaneously puts in bitterling and freshwater mussels, and the fact that the biomass of algae attached to the surfaces of bitterling leaves is obviously reduced is demonstrated by the bitterling.
G. Spirogyra biomass: and (4) when the experiment is finished, collecting the spirogyra floating on the water surface, drying, weighing and calculating the biomass of the spirogyra in unit area. The results show that: the water surface of the control group and the freshwater mussel experiment system is provided with spirogyra, and other groups are free of spirogyra; the amount of spirogyra biomass in the freshwater mussel group was significantly higher than that in the control group, indicating that the formation of spirogyra was promoted by the occurrence of freshwater mussel, and that the formation of spirogyra was suppressed by the occurrence of rhodeus (fig. 1).
H. The underwater illumination intensity: during the experiment, on days 0, 3, 9, 20, 26 and 38 from the start of the experiment, the light intensity at 20 and 30 cm above the water, below the water in each system was tested, and the light intensity below the water during the experiment was reflected by the ratio of the light intensity at different depths to the light intensity at the water surface. The results show that: at the end of the experiment, the freshwater mussel +1 rhodeus panying group has the highest illumination intensity of 20 cm and 30 cm, and then the freshwater mussel group and the 1 rhodeus panying group; the experimental group that adds 3 deutero, no matter whether there is the freshwater mussel addition, illumination intensity at 20 and 30 cm all is lower than other each group, this demonstrates that when great biomass fish exists, the negative effects that fish brought can not totally be eliminated to the appearance of freshwater mussel yet, and at low fish density (freshwater mussel +1 deutero pang), freshwater mussel can maintain higher illumination condition under water, and no spirogyra appears in the group of bitterling of freshwater mussel +1 deutero, and the biomass of blade surface adhering to algae is also lower than other each group (fig. 2).
I. Total suspended matter content (TSS) of water: in the experimental process, the content of suspended matters in the water body and the relative content of organic matters and inorganic matters are regularly observed. The experimental results show that: at the end of the experiment, the TSS concentration of the bitterling group of the freshwater mussels +1 is not significantly different from that of the control group and the freshwater mussel group; the TSS concentration of the rhodeus ocellatus 3 is highest, and the rhodeus ocellatus +3 and the rhodeus ocellatus 1 are PANG ocellatus and PANG ocellatus 1; the TSS of bitterling of freshwater mussel +3 deuterous is showing and is higher than the bitterling of freshwater mussel +1 deuterous, explains that the freshwater mussel biomass of putting in the experiment is not enough to strain through it and eats and offset the TSS concentration rise that arouses by high biomass fish, but bitterling the adverse effect to quality of water better to 1 deuterous. Therefore, the pang group of freshwater mussel +1 rhodeus not only has no spirogyra and has lower biomass of algae attached to the surfaces of the leaves than other groups, but also can maintain lower TSS concentration, thereby ensuring sufficient underwater illumination conditions.
J. And (4) conclusion: the bitterling can effectively inhibit the formation of spirogyra and control the increase of the biomass of algae attached to the surfaces of plant leaves; rhodeus bitterling still produces certain negative effects to the illumination condition under water simultaneously, and the appearance of freshwater mussel can alleviate the negative effects that rhodeus bitterling caused to a certain extent, but is not obvious to the negative effects that the higher biomass rhodeus bitterling produced. Therefore, in this case, the effect of the bitterling group was best in the case of hyriopsis +1, and the biomass ratio was 30: 1.
example 2
In a pond planted with eel grass, fry of big fins are thrown, the body length of the big fins is 8cm, the weight is 5 g/tail, and the throwing density is 2 tails/m2130 g/river mussels are thrown into the pond within 10 days, and the throwing density is 2/m2。
Example 3
In the lake planted with herba Swertiae Dilutae, fry of big fin are thrown, the body length of big fin is 9cm, the weight is 8 g/tail, the throwing density is 3 tail/m2Throwing 168 g/river mussels into the pond within 10 days of throwing the large fins, wherein the throwing density is 2/m2。
Example 4
In a pond planted with eel grass, fry of big fins are thrown, the body length of the big fins is 10cm, the weight is 8 g/tail, and the throwing density is 1 tail/m2Putting 200 g/freshwater mussels into the pond within 10 days of putting the big fins, wherein the putting density is 1/m2。
Claims (6)
1. A method for controlling the increase in the biomass of spirogyra forming and attaching algae, comprising the steps of:
(1) fish stocking: throwing rhodeus ocellatus in a water area which takes the construction of a submerged plant community structure as a main technology to improve the water quality of the water body;
(2) and (4) putting the freshwater mussels: throwing freshwater mussels within 10 days after the rhodeus is stocked; the freshwater mussel throwing density is 1-3/m2(ii) a The specification of the freshwater mussel is 130-200 g/mussel;
the biomass ratio of the freshwater mussels and the rhodeus in the steps (1) and (2) is 30: 1;
the submerged plant is tape grass;
the freshwater mussel is a hyriopsis cumingii;
the bitterling fish is big fin ;
the bitterling specification is that the total length is 8-10 cm, and the weight is 5-8 g/tail;
the bitterling fish throwing density is 1-3 fish/m2。
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the water area in step (1) is a river, a pond or a lake where submerged plants can grow.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the freshwater mussel release density is 1 per m2。
4. The method of claim 1 wherein said mussel size is 180 g/mussel.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the feeding density of rhodeus ocellatus is 1/m2。
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the bitterling specifications are 9cm body length and 7 g/tail body weight.
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