CN105540855A - Combined biomanipulation method for water-area ecological restoration - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/322—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae
- C02F3/325—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae as symbiotic combination of algae and bacteria
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a combined biomanipulation method for water-area ecological restoration. The combined biomanipulation method includes the steps that growth of phytoplankton in a system serves as starting; zooplankton is transplanted to the water body, and algae in the water body are controlled; aquatic vegetation is planted; after aquatic plants successfully grow, freshwater shrimps, caridina, small fishes, small carnivorous fishes, large carnivorous fishes and molluscs start to be put. By means of the combined biomanipulation method, all the key technologies in biomanipulation are integrated, food chains in the water-area ecological system are entirely and systematically rebuilt, the complexity of biocenosises is prolonged and improved, the stability of the system is improved, and the fixing function and the nutriment circulation function of the system are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ecological restoration water purification technical field of fishery, particularly a kind of compound bio method of operating of ecological restoration.
Background technology
The aquatic ecosystem of China presents Eutrophic Extent in various degree, and main lake, as Taihu Lake, Chaohu, Dian Chi etc. all present serious eutrophication.Wuxi TAIHU LAKE pollution incident affects civic and supplies water, and Yancheng City pollutes due to Urban water supply and causes city to cut off the water many days.How to carry out the restoration of the ecosystem of these water bodys? when Chinese pollution of area source so weighs, how to control inside and outside source and pollute, reduce the generation of blue-green algae.For this reason, the multiple ecological reestablishment of domestic appearance, at Dianchi Lake, Yunnan Province, Taihu Lake Lake Wuli, tribute arm of lake is all carrying out similar large scale ecological rehablitation project.
Along with the development of Global Urbanization, not only bring the considerable damage to environmental resources; Also result in serious water pollution, trade effluent and sanitary sewage are to the pollution in public river, lake, and landscape water body is also subject to pollution of area source and air-polluting sedimentation.Why blue-green algae is broken out, and is because the various activities in production of the mankind, to the too much nitrogen of the discharge into water such as river, lake, phosphorus nutrition material; When lake ecological self-purification capacity is destroyed, the nutritive substance such as nitrogen, phosphorus constantly accumulates in a large number in water body, causes unicellular algae, and particularly blue-green algae is overflowed, severe contamination water body.
Making a general survey of the whole world, all there is big and small eutrophication problem in nearly all water body in lake, the lake that the algal bloom of algae has been then many eutrophication and water body facing challenges.How to control algal bloom to break out, and then recover original ecology of water body in lake? recover the source of clean water needed for human survival? this becomes world-famous puzzle.
There is now the various correlation theory about water treatment, as magnetized water theory, nutrition oxygenolysis theory, ecological wetland etc.
1, magnetized water is theoretical---originate from Japan
Principle: come from ocean circulation cutting earth magnetism: because there is geomagnetic declination: the angle of magnetic axis and earth's axis is 11.5 degree.Main Function: form micromolecular water, the intermolecular forces restructuring of water molecules, recovers water active.Generally to reach strong magnetic level (more than 5000 Gausses) cost very large, when working to people and equipment negative impact larger.Now be mainly used in aquatic animals equipment and agricultural produce: as soilless culture, every cube of water body strong magnetic force cost 15-25 ten thousand yen.
2, nutrition oxygenolysis is theoretical---originate from the U.S.
Principle: come from oxygenolysis in combustion processes: any existence form of any organic matter, finally all thoroughly will could be converted into inorganic states through peroxide decomposition.Main Function: carbon-contained organic matter by oxygenolysis eventually for carbonic acid gas gets back to air; Nitrogenous organic matter is eventually nitrated state nitrogen by oxygenolysis, then becomes nitrogen by denitrogenation and get back to air; Effect cost: the effect that oxygen level is higher is more obvious, but cost wants high a lot; Generally in aquarium, adopt bromine oxygen more remarkable effect, even can also sterilization.There is the secondary pollution on equipment and periodic replacement, for centralized water treatment.Now main different forms: gas is sudden and violent, aerating vessel, sewage work etc.;
3, microbial decomposition is theoretical---and current most widely used general
Principle: the decomposer come from the eubiosis is theoretical, is alternatively the lifting theory of oxygenolysis theory.Main Function: the decomposition being accelerated organic individuality, organic detritus, organic debris by beneficial microorganism; Even cultivate peculiar microorganism and special disposal (as hospital sewage) is carried out to specific point-source pollution.
Effect cost: for centralized water treatment or point source water pollutions; Quick-acting, but effect duration is short, needs repeatedly to add bacterium, and the general large water surface is only limitted to control table, otherwise cost can constantly increase.The assurance of quality product should be noted, easily cause eco-catastrophe.Now main different forms: centralized sewage work and the point-source pollution such as particular factory, hospital.
4, chemical method
Chemical method administers water pollutions---and comprise and use inorganic and organic chemical reagent except algae; Inorganic chemicals precipitation bed mud; The active chemistry algal control of extracting in natural biological; Original position soil sex change flocculation agent etc.
The advantage of chemical method: quick-acting, cost is very low;
The drawback of chemical method: be only limitted to control table; Effect duration is not long yet; Have negative effect to water body: cause serious secondary pollution to water body, impact water supply, amusement function play, and the public is difficult to accept; Potential, long-range ecological hazard: the flocculation dephosphorization agent adopted in engineering comprises aluminium salt, molysite, mantoquita and flying dust etc.; The soda acid active substance adopted in engineering.
5, Physical
Physical administers water pollutions---
Comprise external source and cut dirt: drainage dirt removal: Sediment Dredging: watercourse aeration: machinery is except algae: manpower is fished for except algae: electromagnetic method is except algae: microwave technology is except algae: change its course water conservancy diversion: eutrophic water irrigation etc.
Physical major part is some the heavy construction measures taked: general cost is higher, and effect is very not remarkable; It is one of good emergency schedule; In addition, Physical does not have decontamination: or be change pollution form, or be exactly position of transferring the pollution; Physical can be described as the way of having no idea.
6, ecological engineering method---be used successfully to paper mill and pollute, chinampa
Comprise ecological engineering of environment and physical-ecological engineering: ecological engineering of environment is as built coastal belt, lakeside wetland, artificial complexity system etc. (mainly referring to very water and floatingleaved vegetation restoration of the ecosystem); Physical-ecological engineering is by measures (requiring that water body itself has sizable transparency) such as management, physical measure and transplanting biotic populations; Ecological engineering method cost is high; Effects of Water Quality is not often contacted with theoretical value; Maintenance cost is also very high.
7, bio operon method
Plant plant waterborne to handle: part aquatic organism and bed mud biology can be caused, the particularly death of submerged plant simultaneously; Their drawback is far longer than the benefit that they bring;
Animal organism is handled restoration of the ecosystem and is divided into three types: predacious fish is handled and is applicable to water quality very well, ecological sound water body; Filter-feeding fish is handled and is applicable to water quality better, the water body of Ecological Stabilization; Algivorous insect is handled and is applicable to eubiosis destruction, the water body that algal bloom is serious;
One of difficult point is the validity of digestion blue-green algae performance; Two of difficult point is the stability of population existence in toxic algae environment in the wild; Emphasis is that effect is stretched in the court of a feudal ruler of Ecology Action.
Bio operon is divided into again classical bio operon and non-classical bio operon, and non-classical is exactly direct with silver carp input, and directly input zooplankton is main mode; Planting aquatic plants is also had to be main bio operon method; In these processes, in fact there is certain effect in institute, but also has certain range of application; The bio operon of silver carp, as non-classical working method, at Dianchi Lake, Yunnan Province, Taihu Lake, all gets a lot of applications in Xin ' anjiang Reservoir.But only have Xin ' anjiang Reservoir to show good effect generally, this and Xin ' anjiang Reservoir water body are comparatively dark, pollution of area source be not too large caused by.And the not well performance of other shallow water lake, this is relevant with the feature of silver carp.
Bio operon in the world multiple region has successful experience, and for great water body, Control pollution source is difficult to obtain ecological effect at short notice.In view of the low cost of bio operon, in each water reservoir and lake, there is application.Mainly phosphorus is lower than finite concentration for success prerequisite, and submerged vegetation growth will have certain area, successfully can control fish population development.
Filter-feeding fish plays an important role in lake eutrophication process, 20th century 60 to the seventies normally start with from the input of exogenous nutrition thing and primary productivity, inquire into change of water quality and primary productoin force level to biocenological impact.As: physics and chemistry factor → plant plankton → zooplankton → fish, i.e. so-called ascending pathway (Bottomupapproach).International and domesticly all to take as the leading factor to develop aqueous bio productivity, effectively promoted the research of Terrestrial aquatic ecosystem and the development of Inland Water fishery.Thereafter; people recognize rapidly vulnerability and the unstable of aquatic ecosystem structure and function; attention is transferred to environment protection from productivity exploitation; 80 to the nineties; people have employed another kind of Research approach (or visual angle): the change namely inquiring into food chain upper strata biology, on the impact of lower floor's biology, primary productivity and water quality, namely descends row effects (Topdowneffect).One of them research emphasis and hot issue are exactly how plankton feeding habit fish pass through planktonic impact, and then have an impact to the water quality of water body.
Relevant research shows, fish zooplankton, slow down the Grazing Pressure of zooplankton to plant plankton, and Phytoplankton biomass and primary productivity rise; Fish ingesting in a large number to plant plankton, can not make the biomass of plant plankton reduce, this is because more Microalgae is bred; The fish of plankton feeding habit accelerate rate of release or the speed of circulation of phosphorus.Therefore, reduce the quantity of filter-feeding fish, phytophagy zooplankton biomass can be made to increase, Phytoplankton biomass reduces, and chlorophyll concentration and primary productivity decline, and transparency increases, and in lake, the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus reduces.Therefore, the people such as Carpenter (1985,1988) propose the hypothesis of " trophic cascade interaction " (cascadingtrophicinteraction) accordingly.Since the eighties, great majority experiment confirms the viewpoint of " lower row effects ", certainly also has remarkable and not contrary conclusion.
The investigator of Inst. of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences shows East Lake plankton community in the experiment of Wuhan East Lake, and particularly the size of planktonic organism build is essentially filter-feeding fish and controls, and meets the hypothesis of lower row effects.Be embodied in: 1, large-scale Phytoplankton biomass declines, microphytoplankton biomass rises; 2, microzooplankton (protozoon, wheel animalcule) quantity significantly rises, and macrozooplankton such as cladocera quantity declines, and copepods is then in relative balance state, and the total quantity of zooplankton also significantly rises.
This situation all shows, under the Grazing Pressure of powerful silver carp, flathead population, after large-scale kind (especially cladocera) in planktonic organism is suppressed, the ecological stove that small pieces eventually will capture large-scale kind and carries over, due to a large amount of development of Microalgae, water quality worsens further, and the degree of lake eutrophication is further serious.
The Inland Water of China is faced with dual-pressure: the heavy burden should bearing Increasing The Fishery Production, maintains the ecologic regime of good water quality again.In the face of this new problem, Chinese Government and aquatic science and technology circle have started the ecological benefits problem paying attention to large water surface fishery exploitation.According to the strategic thought of Sustainable development, we should using safeguarding that the aquatic ecosystem with efficient self-purification capacity is as primary goal, and the biological productivity of moderate solution Inland Water simultaneously, to meet the demand of national economy and people's lives.Foundation had the main direction of About The Ecosystem of Fishery as Future Development of water quality guarantee.
Species diversity structure itself in the most natural lake ecosystem of China, just has very strong pollution self-purification capacity and higher Fisheries Development potentiality.Reasonable adjustment puts the intensity of structure and fishery utilization in a suitable place to breed, and with high-quality fishery products for mainly to put object in a suitable place to breed, improve the output value, the coordination reaching Fishery Benefit and environmental benefit is completely possible.The aggregate measures based on biological treating should be taked just can significantly to take effect to the improvement of lake pollution and eutrophication.Theory abroad about bio operon (Biomanipulation) can for using for reference.At present, some lake adopts the methods such as kind of a planting submerged plant, restriction herbivorous fishes stocking rate, protection waterweeds resource, makes " algae type lake " transfer " plant-type lake " to and wins initial success.
The progress that concerns about bio is handled is a lot, and Perrowetal (1997) proposes for shallow lake, and the clear water phase of creating a submerged vegetation growth is of paramount importance.Hanssonetal (1998) proposes further, and zooplankton feeding fish will reduce 75%, and in 1-3, fast and effeciently will carry out.Reducing the end dwells feeding fish, and supplementing and will reduce when fish in age, improve the condition that submerged plant is set up, exogenous nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition will reduce as far as possible before bio operon.Mehneretal, 2002 carry out concerns about bio fresh handles the summary of progress, has several key point 1) shallow lake easily success, mainly give the credit to the submerged vegetation development various positive feedback effect that brings; 2) exogenous nutrition and the success of Inner nutrition on bio operon have impact, and the circulation of fish to nutrition is conducive to lower row effects; 3) fish population the change of system ecology position and add the complicacy of bio operon because of the interaction on size structure; 4) spatial and temporal scales of consideration bio operon is very crucial for understanding Fish Communities for food web effect; 5) balance that three kinds of feeding fishes are suitable is also needs for the long-term success of bio operon; 6) maintenance of the bio operon effect of stratified lake only has the interference by continuing.And the food web structure of mutual steady state only may be present in shallow lake, but when nutrition input keeps patronage high always, interference be repeated;
Past bio operon carries out around the enclosure closed, and experiment is handled in many whole lakes of research steering now; Bio operon average success rate is 60%, and whole lake bio operon success ratio only has 15%, illustrates that relevant whole lake bio operon is not also studied clearly local (Mehneretal, 2002).In view of the needs of lake water quality and fishery resources, biology is still Ecological recovery technology effectively, and the research of bio operon also will be conducive to understanding complicated food web structure.
Lake, the fish farming of reservoir extensive style is exactly according to water body natural condition, select suitable to put object in a suitable place to breed, determine the rational proportion of putting in a suitable place to breed between kind, suitable puts quantity (density) and good fingerling specification (quality) in a suitable place to breed, and combination is blocked, and fish is anti-to be escaped, control predacious fish, the measures such as rational fishing, make fish colony in lakes and reserviors in kind, quantity, the structures such as age adapt with the food resource of water body, make the biological product in Aquatic Ecosystem 2 in each trophic level (i.e. all kinds of food resource) comprehensive, rationally, be converted into economic fish efficiently, and make full use of the room and time of water body, to give full play to the Potential Productivity of water body.
The key problem of extensive cultivation is " Rational Stocking ".The fish yield of an aquaculture water is permitted the result of multifactor functioning, but the gordian technique that will realize high yield, high efficiency is concentrated as " Rational Stocking ".It comprises reasonably puts object in a suitable place to breed, determines to put in a suitable place to breed rational proportion between kind, reasonably puts quantity (density) and good fingerling specification (quality) etc. in a suitable place to breed.
The vast fishery worker of China has carried out a large amount of production practice and experimental study, systematically sums up theory and the comprehensive technical measure of " Rational Stocking " of applicable China's actual conditions, makes lake, fish culture in reservoir achieves high yield, stable yields.As green hill reservoir (8500 mu) l966 ~ nineteen eighty-two 17 annual per mu yield 43kg in Zhejiang Province, Bai Tanhu (6000 mu) l966 ~ 1975 year 10 annual per mu yield 43kg in Hubei Province, lake yield-increasing technology duration of test is being carried out in fishing ground, East Lake, Wuhan City (22000 mu), make fish yield rise to the 36.5kg of l978 year by year by the per mu yield 8.8kg of l971, increase by 23.5% every year on average.These facts demonstrate the exactness of " Rational Stocking " theory and practice and powerful vitality all eloquently.
The Rational Stocking of Chinese tradition is that Chinese Lakes natural resources can support compared with the baseline production rate under mcroorganism amount, this output is also a reference for bio operon, namely modern bio operon, total biomass can not exceed the reasonable production having waterplant to deposit extensive cultivation in case in the past certainly.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of compound bio method of operating of ecological restoration, realizes " water purification fishery " technology of fish stock increasing and water surrounding cooperative development in shallow water type lake.The method both may be used for the extensive style propagation Fisheries Development in lake, also the restoration of the ecosystem process of the eutrophication water in waterhead area reservoir or lake is suitable for, these waters can be recovered to natural, ecological state originally, reduce or avoid the generation of the eutrophication events such as blue-green algae.The method solve integrated bio handle in each technology, food chain comprehensively and in system reconstructing aquatic ecosystem, extends and increases biocenological complicacy, increase the stability of system, realizes it and fixes and the function of the nutrition that circulates; For recovering the water bodys such as the urban water supply area such as reservoir or lake by bio operon method.
The compound bio method of operating of a kind of ecological restoration of the present invention, comprising:
(1) with phytoplankton growth in system for start;
(2) then, transplant zooplankton to water body, the algae of this water body is controlled;
(3) various aquatic vegetation is planted;
(4), after aquatic plants growth success, start to throw in freshwater shrimp, rice shrimp, small fish, small-sized predacious fish, large-scale predacious fish and mollusk.
In described step (1), system possesses blue-green algae condition, is directly removed by unslaked lime, and releasing nutrients material, throws in the general algae of useful microorganism and artificial culture simultaneously.
In described step (3), aquatic vegetation is for enduring water vegetation and submerged vegetation.
Described submerged vegetation adopts directly to sow seeds or disconnected branch, directly cultivates to plant formula; Or with the sowing of hibernaculum form, as stung the hibernaculum of eel grass and hydrilla verticillata.Thorn eel grass survives the winter with hibernaculum, grows period in early spring season in advance, be easier to the expansion of population than eel grass; Very water vegetation kind, water level more shallow region higher in landform.
In described step (4), mollusk is snail, bivalves or Corbicula fluminea.
The compound bio method of operating of described ecological restoration, is divided into: the habitat of recovering Main Resources; During Succession according to community of aquatic organism carries out Artificial Control to the ecosystem; Control overall biological amount size, recover nature Food-Chain System; The measure of control of external source pollution of area source.
The habitat of described recovery Main Resources comprises littoral plant and aquatic vegetation; Plant plankton primary in recovery system and the growth conditions of algae, the ability of creation and blue-green algae contention nutrition.
The plantation of the plant of described bank comprises: adopt and throw in a large amount of artificial reef ball on loke shore limit, for the wave that disappears; Plant the waterplant that the unrestrained ability that disappears is stronger, as the emergents such as lotus create littoral habitat, reduce the perturbation action of stormy waves.
The habitat of described recovery Main Resources is with phytoplankton growth in system for starting, and then transplants zooplankton to water body, controls the algae of this water body.
Describedly control is carried out to the ecosystem comprise: the difference for same feeding habits is biological, classifies according to functional group; Drop into multiple small fish and corresponding predacious fish, Controlling System biomass is with carnivorous, and large individual fish are main pattern.
Describedly control is carried out to the ecosystem comprise: according to different steps, selective fishing or input are carried out to fish original in system, shrimps.
As in CHINESE FRESHWATER system, bright bar, crucian, rod flower fish, pseudorasbora parva, Yellowfin goby, rice shrimp, freshwater shrimp, snail are all the most common low value hydrobionts of system.According to fish population structure situation, by selective fishing or the primary mandarin fish of protection & restoration, snakehead, erythroculter ilishaeformis, the tiltedly kind such as jaw silver xenocypris, red fin Culter to reach bio operon effect.For the great water body that some fish yield is excessive, Bambusa fish also will suitably be thrown in.Mandarin fish is as Chinese Endemic fish, and its juvenile stage is not ingested planktonic organism, and directly ingest juvenile fish.This fingerling is thrown in and is solved bio operon and be often subject to predacious fish juvenile fish (YOY) and develop the impact caused in a large number.
Described control controls overall biological amount size, and the overall certain biomass maintaining this system, recovers nature Food-Chain System, instead of using a certain biology as main manipulating objects (as silver carp); In eutrophied water treatment, fishery production is not major objective, the fishery output value, the major objective of fisheries biology structure of community and total biomass control bio operon.
Controlling System fish yield in certain limit, as per mu yield higher than more than 50 kilograms, can not just play minimizing bioturbation.Multifarious biology, also different at the temporal rhythm of nutrient utilization and circulation, to the different change that the circulation of phosphorus in water body can occur, reduce the disturbance on bed mud upper strata as far as possible, accelerate phosphorus nutrition material cycle, fast to water-bed layer and littoral food chain transport.Fixing in bed mud to promote material to interrogate speed, especially phosphorus nutrition material is fixing.
Some kind, as populations such as grass carp, river crab, silverfish, cutter long-tailed anchovys, strictly control.Grass carp is to pasture and water hyperphagia; River crab acutely ingests to benthic mollusc, produces strong perturbation action simultaneously; Silverfish and cutter long-tailed anchovy are to zooplankton hyperphagia, and its colony will control in appropriate scope.
The measure of control of described external source pollution of area source comprise: control widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area, periphery along the lake, in units of administrative village, controls all agricultural pollutions, designs an Ecological Restoration Area, on the whole effective Control the Plan Pollution Sources.
For the water body that blue-green algae is more in described method, net cage is set, closed culture in enclosure is carried out to part fish, to promote the circulation of water nutrition material in restoration of the ecosystem strengthening in early stage, promote that nutritive substance changes to aquatic vegetation, controlling planktonic organism fish is to reduce its impact on zooplankton in aquatic ecosystem.
Adopt and start to carry out restoration of the ecosystem for starting with phytoplankton growth in system, if this system possesses blue-green algae condition originally, directly disposed by unslaked lime etc., discharge relevant nutritive substance simultaneously, these nutritive substances will promote the growth of microorganism and algae, now can throw in the common algae of useful microorganism and artificial culture in this water body; Then, transplant relevant zooplankton (as large-scale cladocera, ostracodes etc.) to this water body, thus the algae of this water body is controlled; Now carry out the plantation of waterplant again, as heavy water and littoral emergent and pleuston; After aquatic plants growth success, start to throw in the mollusks etc. such as freshwater shrimp, rice shrimp, small fish, small-sized predacious fish, large-scale predacious fish and snail, bivalves, Corbicula fluminea.If wild fish can flourish voluntarily, then directly throw in predator in this system.
Ecology of water initial stages of restoration wants the growth conditions of plant plankton primary in recovery system and relevant algae, and create the ability of itself and blue-green algae contention nutrition, this is the basis of ecosystem restoration.For great water body, do not need this process, but the silver carp of food plant plankton should not be adopted to handle, silver carp has selectivity to algae digestion, and good algae easy to digest, leaves and takes heavy blue-green algae.For great water body, cultivate common algae that is highdensity, high yield by pond or relevant river course, be discharged into relevant waters.Indirectly by an enclosed space in the certain waters of Controlling System, eliminate relevant fish, from bed mud, winter egg, recover original zooplankton or directly throw in the wild zooplankton of fishing in other waters enter will be not multiple the ecosystem.
For ecological restoration of lakes, the fish bred by ecologic breeding pond along the lake or small lakes are as the main fish origin of large-size lake; For the restoration of the ecosystem of large-size lake or reservoir, by recovering and control the river channel ecology in logical lake.
The development of aquatic vegetation, by the breeding promoting some fish, is have very large promoter action for the succession of natural community in aquatic ecosystem.The enviromental conditions for spawning of the breeding of dominant species must be created.As erythroculter ilishaeformis needs to lay eggs on the Herba potamogetonis distincti plant of wide leaf, as long as therefore recover the development that relevant submerged vegetation just can promote relevant population.Although erythroculter ilishaeformis is lake open water fish, it is lake offshore that breeding is laid eggs, and in the different steps of the life history, erythroculter ilishaeformis embodies different niche space changes in demand.
Method of the present invention just lake or reservoir is divided into coastal belt and two, spacious pool part, will consider the migratory behaviour of part fish between two ecosystems in restoration of the ecosystem.
Waterplant will be recovered in coastal belt, especially corresponding submerged vegetation, present lake submerged plant through water recover maximum difficulty be most of lake owing to enclosing and cultivating and aquaculture reason, destroy the original vegetation in relevant coastal belt.Add sightseeing along the lake band and vacation tourism district taking territory, nearly lake region, cause coastal belt wetland all to destroy.For this reason, the habitat of this submerged vegetation be created, submerged vegetation and the condition enduring water vegetation growth will be created; Now main difficulty is that stormy waves is too large, therefore, first one is select limited wetland to build region, two is really not with these conditions, create the facility of the wave that disappears, the artificial reef ball that the U.S. commonly uses in karang recovers just may be used for wave damping effect, can promote the deposition of bank silt, promotes the recovery of aquatic vegetation growth conditions.
For view small water, directly throw in the wild zooplankton of the zooplankton of artificial culture or other waters, enter the ecosystem that will repair.For great water body, as lakes and reserviors, do not need this step, only need the bio operon by classics, expand the growing space of zooplankton.Also by the recovery of coastal belt waterplant, the protection to zooplankton colony can be conducive to.Research shows, swim spring the plant needing nutrition to be mainly derived from land, instead of aquatic, will strengthen littoral wetland for this reason and build, just can contribute to the maintenance of zooplankton population in spring.Also coastal belt can be adopted to carry out enclosure, expand the mode of numerous zooplankton to promote the foundation of zooplankton population.
Along with food chain is set up, extend food chain at the middle and upper levels, promote that nutritive substance circulates in pelagic fishes, change or transmit to bottom food chain eventually to larger fish, nutrition is fixing in systems in which the most at last.
The present invention proposes the compound bio method of operating based on food chain, for the restoration of the ecosystem of eutrophication water.
beneficial effect
Method of the present invention shows powerful Effect of Ecological Restoration, recovers original function of water body, and Ecological Restoration Area has the powerful purification function to other eutrophication water, has great application prospect.
The present invention both may be used for the extensive style propagation Fisheries Development in lake, also the restoration of the ecosystem process of the eutrophication water in waterhead area reservoir or lake is suitable for, these waters can be recovered to natural, ecological state originally, reduce or avoid the generation of the eutrophication events such as blue-green algae.
The present invention solve integrated bio handle in each technology, food chain comprehensively and in system reconstructing aquatic ecosystem, extends and increases biocenological complicacy, increase the stability of system, realizes it and fixes and the function of the nutrition that circulates.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the spatial distribution schematic diagram of main fish group in restoration of the ecosystem pond in embodiment 1;
Fig. 2 is restoration of the ecosystem pond Mesichthyes group feeding habits situation in embodiment 1;
Fig. 3 is that in embodiment 1, lake and periphery wetland entirety repair concept map.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, set forth the present invention further.Should be understood that these embodiments are only not used in for illustration of the present invention to limit the scope of the invention.In addition should be understood that those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications the present invention, and these equivalent form of values fall within the application's appended claims limited range equally after the content of having read the present invention's instruction.
Embodiment 1
Artificial releasing fish colony, cultivation silver carp bighead closed by net cage, three kinds of measures of nature fish colony are set up by introducing the husky reservoir water source of green grass, the Fish Community Structures in the husky reservoir real example base of green grass is rebuild from three aspects, to build the Community Ecology system of a good ecological environment, realize real water-maintaining fishery.Taken at regular intervals fish of being correlated with carry out the mensuration of primary biological mathematic(al) parameter, mainly understand group's composition and growing state.
Wherein manually throw in resource category and weight as follows, spiral shell: 100 jin, conventional specification; Corbicula fluminea: 40 jin, conventional specification; Freshwater mussel: 50 jin, middle-size and small-size specification, erythroculter ilishaeformis: 20 tails (25-30cm); Grey mullet: 20 tails (25-30cm); Mandarin fish: 20 tails (25-30cm), freshwater shrimp: 20 jin (adult); Silver carp (10) (about 250g);
Natural community builds, and this pond, real example base one introduces water source straight through pipeline by the Changjiang river and the husky reservoir of green grass, and fish-egg or the juvenile fish of relevant fish also can be introduced in this water source.Nature can set up relevant natural population, and just there is the existence of a lot of Ji, Yellowfin goby in the stage in early days, expects along with long-term diversion, also has more natural resource and enter.
By the inorganic nutrient salt in submerged vegetation and plant plankton and antimicrobial absorbent water body.By silver carp and mullet and small fish, algae and organic debris absorb by freshwater shrimp etc., control small-sized trash fish by predacious fish, to avoid producing large bioturbation; The periphyton etc. on the leaf surface that submerged plant is concrete and surface thereof, forms the biopurification mechanism of intensity, thus effectively catching organic substance.Submerged plant can promote effective sedimentation of P and absorbing of plant materials self simultaneously.Thus the release of the nutritive element of phosphorus in control water body, cause water body nitrogen: phosphorus than strengthening, thus realizes effective control of algae and water.
But as an ecosystem, nitrogen phosphorus sedimentation in air is also extremely important, ensure effective growth of certain algae, also be very important, plant plankton is fixedly the most effectively to nutritive substance, can not put too much silver carp bighead in a suitable place to breed, by the nutritive substance of the absorption of fish body for this reason, the water body larger relative to drainage area is difficult to produce real mechanism of action.By increasing the species diversity of aquatic ecosystem, urged the enhancing of species diversity and biomass in each small habitat of the ecosystem, thus effectively promote the utilization to all nutritive substances, stock on hand is the ecological effect considerably beyond silver carp, also can promote as a large amount of development such as submerged plants simultaneously, thus play the function of more powerful fixed nitrogen phosphorus.The effective development of submerged plant simultaneously, also be conducive to the variation in habitat, lake, become the sanctuary of zooplankton, become spacious water-band and different landscape heterogeneous ecological condition in coastal belt has complementary functions, thus realize the recovery of the real limnology fisheries ecosystem, realize real water conservation fishery.
The pollution plot of the point source of lake periphery, as livestock and poultry farm, large-scale aquiculture field, adopts methods such as building artificial swamp, discharges relevant waste water after carrying out Ecological Disposal.
The process of widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area, adopts and closes an all water body in administrative village, the unit being water management and Pollution abatement with a village, ensures that pollution can not be discharged into external source lake.
In lake, realize with wilderness area form, building water purification fishing zone energetically, as built the culture zone of not bait throwing in, take waterplant as the culture zone of major objective, as mandarin fish culture zone, and culture of Chinese mitten crab district etc.These culture zones are contracted to the fisherman of relevant transferring job with lower price, strict relevant bait throwing in behavior.Also to release fish as relevant lake in these regions, juvenile fish hatches place, thinks the fingerling source that lake provides the most cheap, thus reduces fund of releasing.Pasture and water environment is most of lakes economic fishs simultaneously, as habitats of laying eggs such as crucian, Culter fish, carp, mandarin fishes.In coastal belt by Large-sized Enclosures, implement such protective belt, carry out water purification fishery mode, by the place providing important ecological purification district for lake and keep a full stand of seedings.Especially existing storehouse Wan Chu, because stormy waves is little, naturally stirs few, is easier to develop such structure.
Fishery management in lake: by managing relevant ship Culter, all ship Culter are focused on certain area, by BEI-DOU position system, design all information.Control the relevant of fishing boat and fish for activity.Limit illegal fishing gear, the amount of controlling fishing etc.
Claims (5)
1. a compound bio method of operating for ecological restoration, comprising:
(1) with phytoplankton growth in system for start;
(2) then, transplant zooplankton to water body, the algae of water body is controlled;
(3) various aquatic vegetation is planted;
(4), after aquatic plants growth success, start to throw in freshwater shrimp, rice shrimp, small fish, small-sized predacious fish, large-scale predacious fish and mollusk.
2. the compound bio method of operating of a kind of ecological restoration according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step (1), if middle system possesses blue-green algae condition, is directly removed by unslaked lime, releasing nutrients material, throws in useful microorganism and the algae of artificial culture simultaneously.
3. the compound bio method of operating of a kind of ecological restoration according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (3), aquatic vegetation is for enduring water vegetation and submerged vegetation.
4. the compound bio method of operating of a kind of ecological restoration according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described submerged vegetation adopts directly to sow seeds or disconnected branch, directly cultivates to plant formula; Or sow with hibernaculum form; Very water vegetation kind, water level more shallow region higher in landform.
5. the compound bio method of operating of a kind of ecological restoration according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (4), mollusk is snail, bivalves or Corbicula fluminea.
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| CN109729936A (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2019-05-10 | 程旭东 | A kind of straight cover plant planting technology of submerged plant suitable for full waters |
| CN110372156A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-10-25 | 重庆建工第三建设有限责任公司 | A kind of water ecology selfreparing construction method |
| CN110577334A (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2019-12-17 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Constructed wetland water environment restoration system and method |
| CN112299656A (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-02-02 | 四川清和科技有限公司 | Method for improving transparency of closed eutrophic water body |
| CN114982678A (en) * | 2022-07-21 | 2022-09-02 | 新疆额河生态养殖科技有限公司 | Artificial breeding operating system for fennel fish |
| CN114982678B (en) * | 2022-07-21 | 2024-02-23 | 新疆额河生态养殖科技有限公司 | Artificial breeding operation method for arctic fennel |
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Application publication date: 20160504 |