CN107372657B - Plant-derived pesticide and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Plant-derived pesticide and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107372657B CN107372657B CN201710678335.2A CN201710678335A CN107372657B CN 107372657 B CN107372657 B CN 107372657B CN 201710678335 A CN201710678335 A CN 201710678335A CN 107372657 B CN107372657 B CN 107372657B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/36—Rutaceae [Rue family], e.g. lime, orange, lemon, corktree or pricklyash
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
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Abstract
The invention discloses a botanical pesticide and a preparation method thereof, the botanical pesticide comprises 100-300 mug/mL of bamboo vinegar, 100-300 mug/mL of pepper extract, 50-100 mug/mL of osthole solution, 20-80 mug/mL of berberine solution and an auxiliary agent, wherein the volume percentages of the bamboo vinegar, the pepper extract, the osthole and the berberine are as follows: bamboo vinegar liquid: chinese prickly ash extract: osthole: berberine is 3:3:1: 1; the preparation method of the botanical pesticide comprises the steps of extracting bamboo vinegar, extracting pepper extract and mixing. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of no toxicity, easy degradation, difficult residue, wide raw material source, low cost and simple preparation process; meanwhile, the pesticide composition has high-efficiency prevention and control effect on pumpkin diseases and insect pests.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of pesticides and preparation thereof, and particularly relates to a botanical pesticide and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the development of economy, people pay more and more attention to the safety problem of food. In recent years, reports about the overproof pesticide residue on the surface of agricultural products in China are frequent, and the pesticide residue on the surface of the agricultural products seriously harms the health of human bodies and causes environmental pollution and destruction of ecological balance. Therefore, a large amount of high-efficiency, low-toxicity and pollution-free botanical pesticides become the development key point of novel pesticides.
Osthole, with chemical name of 8- (3-methyl-2-butenyl) methyl ether umbelliferone, is the main component of fructus Cnidii of Umbelliferae, and is commercially available. It has been documented to have some antimutagenic effect; the effect of inhibiting CPP-induced chromosome damage is higher; the pesticide has a certain contact killing effect on cruciferous vegetable aphids and cabbage caterpillars; the activity to botrytis cinerea is better; meanwhile, the composition has the function of synergism or addition with the zineb. However, the zineb is a powdery substance having a smell of rotten eggs, is insoluble in water, is insoluble in most organic solvents, is only soluble in pyridine, and is unstable to heat and light moisture, so that the zineb is not a green compound agent in terms of both human health and insecticidal and bactericidal effects. However, the single use of osthole can cause poor insecticidal effect, and the use amount is too large, which causes the increase of cost, so that a green, pollution-free and healthy substance capable of being compounded with the osthole is urgently needed to be found.
Berberine is a common alkaloid which is present in many plants of ten genera of four families, such as the berberidaceae family. The berberine has photo-activated toxicity to pests, and has good control effect on medlar aphids and gall mites, so the berberine is widely applied to biological pesticides.
Bamboo vinegar is a compound obtained by carbonizing bamboo, and has a comprehensive color with smoky flavor. The bamboo vinegar has the functions of regulating plant growth, inhibiting bacteria, killing pests, improving soil fertility, etc. At present, many scholars have developed researches on the synergistic interaction between bamboo vinegar and different medicines, but further search shows that no literature report and patent publication of the application of the bamboo vinegar and plant-derived pesticide to pumpkin are published at present.
The pepper is a zanthoxylum plant and is widely planted in China, and active substances extracted from pepper fruits are used for compounding pesticides and have obvious effect.
Pumpkin is a sprawling herb, and is a plant with isogenic male and female plants. The pumpkin pest killing method has the advantages of fast growth, more squash, excellent quality, drought resistance, storage resistance and the like, but chemical pesticides are used for killing common diseases of pumpkins in the market at present, such as pumpkin gummy stem blight, pumpkin gray mold and pumpkin aphid, and the method for killing the pest and disease damage causes excessive chemical pesticide residues on the surfaces of the pumpkins, so that the method has potential harm to human health and further influences the export quantity of the pumpkins in China.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at the following problems of the prior art that the chemical pesticide is applied to the prevention and treatment of gummy stem blight of pumpkin, gray mold of pumpkin and aphid of pumpkin: the environment is polluted; the pesticide residue on the surface of the pumpkin is large, and the pumpkin has potential harm to human bodies; the invention provides a green botanical pesticide which can effectively kill gummy stem blight of pumpkin, gray mold of pumpkin and aphid of pumpkin, promote pumpkin growth, is not easy to generate resistance to gummy stem blight of pumpkin, gray mold of pumpkin and aphid of pumpkin and has no harm to human health.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a botanical pesticide comprises 100-300 mu g/mL of bamboo vinegar, 100-300 mu g/mL of pepper extract, 50-100 mu g/mL of osthole solution, 20-80 mu g/mL of berberine solution and an auxiliary agent, wherein the volume percentages of the bamboo vinegar, the pepper extract, the osthole solution and the tiller solution are as follows: bamboo vinegar liquid: chinese prickly ash extract: osthole: berberine is 3:3:1: 1.
Further, the auxiliary agent comprises an emulsifier, a thickener and an antifreeze, wherein the volume percentage of the plant-derived pesticide is taken as a reference, the emulsifier is 1-3%, the thickener is 1-3%, and the antifreeze is 1-5%.
Further, the emulsifier is alkyl benzene sulfonate or tween.
Further, the thickening agent is xanthan gum.
Further, the antifreeze agent is ethylene glycol.
A preparation method of a plant source pesticide is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) extracting bamboo vinegar:
a. pouring the purchased crude bamboo vinegar with the volume of 100mL and the mass volume concentration of 100-300 mu g/mL into a glass container, standing for 3-4 days, wherein the upper layer is a light yellow liquid, and the lower layer is a bamboo tar layer;
b. taking the upper layer of light yellow liquid in the step a, pouring the obtained upper layer of light yellow liquid into a normal-pressure separating funnel, and extracting with 500mL of absolute ethyl alcohol for 3-5 times to obtain bamboo vinegar liquid containing the absolute ethyl alcohol;
c. transferring the bamboo vinegar liquid obtained in the step b into a round-bottom flask, placing the round-bottom flask into a water bath kettle at the temperature of 80-90 ℃, and distilling at normal pressure to obtain the bamboo vinegar liquid with the mass volume concentration of 100-300 mu g/mL;
(2) extracting a pepper extracting solution:
d. soaking 2-5 kg of pepper fruits in 3L of absolute ethyl alcohol for 3-4 days at normal temperature under an ultrasonic condition, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 80-100 Hz;
e. filtering with Buchner funnel to obtain fructus Zanthoxyli extractive solution containing anhydrous ethanol;
f. transferring the liquid obtained in the step e into a round-bottom flask, placing the round-bottom flask into a water bath kettle at the temperature of 80-90 ℃, and distilling at normal pressure to obtain a pepper extracting solution with the mass volume concentration of 100-300 mu g/mL;
(3) fully mixing the bamboo vinegar liquid obtained in the step (1) and the pepper extract obtained in the step (2), adding 50-100 mu g/mL osthole solution, 20-80 mu g/mL berberine solution and an auxiliary agent, and uniformly stirring, wherein the volume percentages of the bamboo vinegar liquid, the pepper extract, the osthole solution and the tiller alkali solution are as follows: bamboo vinegar liquid: chinese prickly ash extract: osthole: berberine is 3:3:1: 1.
Further, the pepper is dahongpao pepper.
Further, the auxiliary agent comprises an emulsifier, a thickening agent and an antifreeze agent, wherein the emulsifier accounts for 1-3% by volume, the thickening agent accounts for 1-3% by volume and the antifreeze agent accounts for 1-5% by volume based on the total volume of the mixed bamboo vinegar, pepper extract, osthole solution and berberine solution.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: repeated experiments of the inventor show that the composition obtained by compounding the bamboo vinegar, the pepper extract, the osthole plant source and the berberine plant source has more remarkable control effects on the pumpkin vine blight bacteria, the pumpkin botrytis cinerea and the pumpkin aphid. After being compounded, the active ingredients generate a synergistic insecticidal effect, and compared with the single use of the botanical pesticide containing the active ingredients, the concentration of the botanical pesticide required by the invention is smaller. The botanical pesticide of the invention can not cause resistance to the pumpkin vine blight bacteria, pumpkin botrytis cinerea and pumpkin aphid, is safe to natural enemies of pests, people and livestock and environment, and is easy to degrade, difficult to remain, wide in raw material source, low in cost, simple in preparation process and environment-friendly.
Detailed Description
The experimental procedures used in the following examples are all conventional procedures unless otherwise specified.
Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Obtaining osthole solution with mass volume concentration of 30 mug/mL by purchasing, obtaining osthole solution with mass volume concentration of 50 mug/mL, 75 mug/mL and 100 mug/mL respectively by adding water for dilution, obtaining tiller solution with mass volume concentration of 10 mug/mL by purchasing, obtaining tiller solution with mass volume concentration of 20 mug/mL, 60 mug/mL and 80 mug/mL respectively by adding water for dilution.
Example one
The plant source pesticide is prepared according to the following steps:
(1) extracting bamboo vinegar:
a. pouring the purchased crude bamboo vinegar with the volume of 100mL and the mass volume concentration of 100 mug/mL into a glass container, standing for 3-4 days, specifically 4 days, wherein the upper layer is a light yellow liquid, and the lower layer is a bamboo tar layer;
b. taking the upper layer of light yellow liquid in the step a, pouring the obtained upper layer of light yellow liquid into a normal-pressure separating funnel, and extracting with 500mL of absolute ethyl alcohol for 3-5 times, specifically 4 times, to obtain bamboo vinegar liquid containing the absolute ethyl alcohol;
c. b, transferring the bamboo vinegar liquid obtained in the step b into a round-bottom flask, placing the round-bottom flask into a water bath kettle at the temperature of 80-90 ℃, specifically a water bath kettle at the temperature of 85 ℃, and distilling for 40min at normal pressure to obtain the bamboo vinegar liquid with the mass volume concentration of 100 mu g/mL;
(2) extracting a pepper extracting solution:
d. soaking 2kg of pepper fruits in 3L of absolute ethyl alcohol for 3-4 days, specifically 4 days, under the ultrasonic condition at normal temperature, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 80-100 Hz;
e. filtering with Buchner funnel to obtain fructus Zanthoxyli extractive solution containing anhydrous ethanol;
f. transferring the liquid obtained in the step e into a round-bottom flask, placing the round-bottom flask into a water bath kettle at the temperature of 80-90 ℃, specifically into a water bath kettle at the temperature of 85 ℃, and distilling at normal pressure for 3 hours to obtain a pepper extract with the mass volume concentration of 100 mu g/mL;
(3) fully mixing the bamboo vinegar liquid obtained in the step (1) and the pepper extract obtained in the step (2), adding 50 mu g/mL osthole solution, 20 mu g/mL berberine solution and an auxiliary agent, and uniformly stirring, wherein the volume percentages of the bamboo vinegar liquid, the pepper extract, the osthole solution and the tiller alkali solution are as follows: bamboo vinegar liquid: chinese prickly ash extract: osthole: berberine is 3:3:1: 1. Specifically, 30mL of the bamboo vinegar solution prepared above, 30mL of the pricklyash peel extract prepared above, 10mL of osthole solution and 10mL of tiller alkaline solution are measured.
In a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the zanthoxylum bungeanum is zanthoxylum bungeanum.
In another preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the auxiliary agent includes an emulsifier, a thickener, and an antifreeze, where the total volume of the mixed bamboo vinegar, the pepper extract, the osthole solution, and the berberine solution is taken as a reference, the emulsifier is 1% to 3% by volume, the thickener is 1% to 3% by volume, the antifreeze is 1% to 5% by volume, the emulsifier is alkylbenzene sulfonate or tween, the thickener is xanthan gum, and the antifreeze is ethylene glycol. Specifically 3mL of alkylbenzene sulfonate or tween, 3mL of xanthan gum and 4mL of ethylene glycol.
Example two
The plant source pesticide is prepared according to the following steps:
(1) extracting bamboo vinegar:
a. pouring the purchased crude bamboo vinegar with the volume of 100mL and the mass volume concentration of 200 mug/mL into a glass container, standing for 3-4 days, specifically 4 days, wherein the upper layer is a light yellow liquid, and the lower layer is a bamboo tar layer;
b. taking the upper layer of light yellow liquid in the step a, pouring the obtained upper layer of light yellow liquid into a normal-pressure separating funnel, and extracting with 500mL of absolute ethyl alcohol for 3-5 times, specifically 4 times, to obtain bamboo vinegar liquid containing the absolute ethyl alcohol;
c. b, transferring the bamboo vinegar liquid obtained in the step b into a round-bottom flask, placing the round-bottom flask into a water bath kettle at the temperature of 80-90 ℃, specifically a water bath kettle at the temperature of 85 ℃, and distilling for 40min at normal pressure to obtain the bamboo vinegar liquid with the mass volume concentration of 200 mug/mL;
(2) extracting a pepper extracting solution:
d. soaking 3.5kg of pepper fruits in 3L of absolute ethyl alcohol for 3-4 days, specifically 4 days, under the ultrasonic condition at normal temperature, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 80-100 Hz;
e. filtering with Buchner funnel to obtain fructus Zanthoxyli extractive solution containing anhydrous ethanol;
f. transferring the liquid obtained in the step e into a round-bottom flask, placing the round-bottom flask into a water bath kettle at the temperature of 80-90 ℃, specifically into a water bath kettle at the temperature of 85 ℃, and distilling at normal pressure for 3 hours to obtain a pepper extract with the mass volume concentration of 200 mu g/mL;
(3) fully mixing the bamboo vinegar liquid obtained in the step (1) and the pepper extract obtained in the step (2), adding 75 mu g/mL osthole solution, 60 mu g/mL berberine solution and an auxiliary agent, and uniformly stirring, wherein the volume percentages of the bamboo vinegar liquid, the pepper extract, the osthole solution and the tiller alkali solution are as follows: bamboo vinegar liquid: chinese prickly ash extract: osthole: berberine is 3:3:1: 1. Specifically, 30mL of the bamboo vinegar solution prepared above, 30mL of the pricklyash peel extract prepared above, 10mL of osthole solution and 10mL of tiller alkaline solution are measured.
In a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the zanthoxylum bungeanum is zanthoxylum bungeanum.
In another preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the auxiliary agent includes an emulsifier, a thickener, and an antifreeze, where the total volume of the mixed bamboo vinegar, the pepper extract, the osthole solution, and the berberine solution is taken as a reference, the emulsifier is 1% to 3% by volume, the thickener is 1% to 3% by volume, the antifreeze is 1% to 5% by volume, the emulsifier is alkylbenzene sulfonate or tween, the thickener is xanthan gum, and the antifreeze is ethylene glycol. Specifically 3mL of alkylbenzene sulfonate or tween, 3mL of xanthan gum and 4mL of ethylene glycol.
EXAMPLE III
The plant source pesticide is prepared according to the following steps:
(1) extracting bamboo vinegar:
a. pouring the purchased crude bamboo vinegar with the volume of 100mL and the mass volume concentration of 300 mug/mL into a glass container, standing for 3-4 days, specifically 4 days, wherein the upper layer is a light yellow liquid, and the lower layer is a bamboo tar layer;
b. taking the upper layer of light yellow liquid in the step a, pouring the obtained upper layer of light yellow liquid into a normal-pressure separating funnel, and extracting with 500mL of absolute ethyl alcohol for 3-5 times, specifically 4 times, to obtain bamboo vinegar liquid containing the absolute ethyl alcohol;
c. b, transferring the bamboo vinegar liquid obtained in the step b into a round-bottom flask, placing the round-bottom flask into a water bath kettle at the temperature of 80-90 ℃, specifically into a water bath kettle at the temperature of 85 ℃, and distilling for 40min at normal pressure to obtain the bamboo vinegar liquid with the mass volume concentration of 300 mu g/mL;
(2) extracting a pepper extracting solution:
d. soaking 5kg of pepper fruits in 3L of absolute ethyl alcohol for 3-4 days, specifically 4 days, under the ultrasonic condition at normal temperature, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 80-100 Hz;
e. filtering with Buchner funnel to obtain fructus Zanthoxyli extractive solution containing anhydrous ethanol;
f. transferring the liquid obtained in the step e into a round-bottom flask, placing the round-bottom flask into a water bath kettle at the temperature of 80-90 ℃, specifically into a water bath kettle at the temperature of 85 ℃, and distilling at normal pressure for 3 hours to obtain a pepper extract with the mass volume concentration of 300 mu g/mL;
(3) fully mixing the bamboo vinegar liquid obtained in the step (1) and the pepper extract obtained in the step (2), adding a osthole solution of 100 mu g/mL, a berberine solution of 80 mu g/mL and an auxiliary agent, and uniformly stirring, wherein the volume percentages of the bamboo vinegar liquid, the pepper extract, the osthole solution and the tiller alkali solution are as follows: bamboo vinegar liquid: chinese prickly ash extract: osthole: berberine is 3:3:1: 1. Specifically, 30mL of the bamboo vinegar solution prepared above, 30mL of the pricklyash peel extract prepared above, 10mL of osthole solution and 10mL of tiller alkaline solution are measured.
In a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the zanthoxylum bungeanum is zanthoxylum bungeanum.
In another preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the auxiliary agent includes an emulsifier, a thickener, and an antifreeze, where the total volume of the mixed bamboo vinegar, the pepper extract, the osthole solution, and the berberine solution is taken as a reference, the emulsifier is 1% to 3% by volume, the thickener is 1% to 3% by volume, the antifreeze is 1% to 5% by volume, the emulsifier is alkylbenzene sulfonate or tween, the thickener is xanthan gum, and the antifreeze is ethylene glycol. Specifically 3mL of alkylbenzene sulfonate or tween, 3mL of xanthan gum and 4mL of ethylene glycol.
Example four
Toxicity and biological assay of the botanical pesticide prepared in the step (3) of the second embodiment on the fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense, the botrytis cinerea and the aphid of the pumpkin are carried out:
the calculation method for controlling harmful insects by the botanical pesticide in the following examples is as follows:
sun cloud Pei formula method:
co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) { (1/LC)50 mix)/[PA/LC50A+PB/LC50B+·····]}×100；
Virulence index (TI) is standard pesticide LC50Test pesticide LC50×100；
The mixed medicament is M, and each single medicament consists of A, B and C. LC (liquid Crystal)50AIs lethal medium concentration, LC, of agent A50BIs a lethal mid-concentration, LC, of agent B50 mixThe lethal medium concentration of the mixture of the medicament A, the medicament B and the medicament C is the CTC co-toxicity coefficient, and the percentage content of the effective components is P.
When the co-toxicity coefficient is more than or equal to 120, the synergistic effect is considered; when the co-toxicity coefficient is less than or equal to 80, the antagonism can be considered; between the two, an additive effect is considered.
The calculation formula for controlling pathogenic bacteria by the botanical pesticide in the embodiment is as follows:
the prevention and treatment effect (%) is (blank control disease index-treatment disease index)/blank control disease index multiplied by 100%;
the Abbott formula calculates the combined effect of the single agents after mixing, and the calculation formula is as follows: theoretical control effect (%) 100 × (1-C)1)×(1-C2)×(1-C3)×(1-C4)；
The synergistic coefficient SR is actual control effect/theoretical control effect;
wherein, C1、C2、C3And C4The prevention and treatment effects of the four extracts are respectively achieved; SR is 1, then the two bactericides have the addition function after being mixed; SR > 1 shows synergistic effect; SR < 1 indicates antagonistic activity.
(1) Toxicity determination of plant source pesticide prepared by the invention on pumpkin aphid
The toxicity of the bamboo vinegar prepared in the step (1) in the second embodiment, the pepper extract prepared in the step (2), the botanical pesticide prepared in the step (3), and the fructus cnidii mother liquor and the berberine mother liquor obtained by purchasing are measured, and the experimental method is as follows:
diluting the above test agents with clear water 1000 times, treating for 72 hr by soaking leaves with clear water as control, inspecting the death condition of the test insects, recording the result, and calculating and correcting the death rate. Using SPSS18.0 statistical software pairsAnalyzing and processing the obtained experimental data to obtain respective LC of the test reagents50The value is obtained. With LC of each resulting single dose50Based on the value, the co-toxicity coefficient of each compound mixture is calculated according to the Sun Yunpei formula method.
Test results show that the compound of the bamboo vinegar, the pepper extract, the osthole and the berberine has the best prevention and treatment effect on pumpkin aphids. As can be seen from Table 1, LC of bamboo vinegar-osthole solution, bamboo vinegar-berberine solution, Zanthoxylum bungeanum extract-osthole solution, Zanthoxylum bungeanum extract-berberine solution, bamboo vinegar-osthole solution-cork tree alkali solution, Zanthoxylum bungeanum extract-osthole solution-cork tree alkali solution, and bamboo vinegar-prickly ash extract-osthole solution-cork tree alkali solution50LC with values of 163.7468mg/L, 171.3679mg/L, 168.4682mg/L, 173.7836mg/L, 148.5682mg/L and 155.2590mg/L respectively, when compared with the extract used alone50The value is reduced, which shows that the toxicity of the pumpkin aphid is enhanced after the bamboo vinegar or the pepper extract is used as a synergist to be compounded with osthole or/and berberine; however, the co-toxicity coefficients of the mixed stains compounded in pairs are 184.74, 180.50, 175.78 and 186.45 respectively; the co-toxicity coefficients of the mixed preparation compounded by the bamboo vinegar or the pepper extract, the osthole and the berberine are 158.34 and 165.56 respectively, and although the mixed preparation has a certain synergistic effect compared with a single preparation, the synergistic effect is not obvious. And when the four single agents are mixed according to the volume ratio, the LC of the obtained mixed agent50The value is remarkably reduced to 96.3577mg/L, the toxicity to pumpkin aphids is remarkably enhanced, and the cotoxicity coefficient is improved to 300.45. The test results show that the pumpkin aphid synergistic agent has a remarkable synergistic effect only when four single agents (bamboo vinegar, pepper extract, osthole and berberine) are mixed together.
TABLE 1 indoor combined toxicity test results of compounded bamboo vinegar, fructus Zanthoxyli extractive solution, osthole and berberine on pumpkin aphid
Note that: in the mixture compounded by the two extracts, the bamboo vinegar or the pepper extract accounts for 3/10 of the total volume of the mixture, the osthole solution or the berberine solution accounts for 1/10 of the total volume of the mixture, and the rest is water; in the mixed preparation compounded by the three extracts, the bamboo vinegar or the pepper extract accounts for 3/10 of the total volume of the mixed preparation, the osthole solution and the berberine solution respectively account for 1/10 of the total volume of the mixed preparation, and the rest is water; in the mixed preparation of the four extracts, the volume ratio of the bamboo vinegar solution, the pepper extract, the osthole solution and the tillerine solution is 3:3:1: 1.
(2) Toxicity determination of plant-derived pesticide prepared by the invention on pumpkin vine blight bacteria and pumpkin botrytis cinerea
The toxicity of the bamboo vinegar prepared in the step (1) in the second embodiment, the pepper extract prepared in the step (2), the botanical pesticide prepared in the step (3), and the fructus cnidii mother liquor and the berberine mother liquor obtained by purchasing are measured, and the experimental method is as follows:
diluting the test agents by 1000 times with clear water, and testing the toxicity of the prepared plant-derived pesticide on test strains by the following experimental method:
the practical and theoretical prevention effects of the bamboo vinegar, the pepper extract, the osthole solution, the berberine alkali solution, the bamboo vinegar-osthole solution, the bamboo vinegar-berberine solution, the pepper extract-osthole solution, the pepper extract-tillerhole alkali solution, the bamboo vinegar-osthole solution-tillerhole alkali solution, the pepper extract-osthole solution-tillerhole alkali solution, the bamboo vinegar-pepper extract-osthole solution-tillerhole solution and the bamboo vinegar-pepper extract-osthole solution-tillerhole alkali solution on the strains to be tested (pumpkin blight bacteria and pumpkin gray mold bacteria) are respectively tested by using an Abbott formula method, and the synergistic coefficient (SR) of the mixture is calculated according to the Abbott formula method. Clear water was used as control. SR is 1, then has the function of addition; SR is more than 1, the synergistic effect is achieved; has antagonistic effect when SR < 1. The effect of the mixture was calculated using the Abbott formula and the results are shown in table 2.
As can be seen from table 2, the bamboo vinegar and the pepper extract have synergistic effects in the botanical pesticide, but the synergistic effects of the bamboo vinegar and the pepper extract are limited, and when the bamboo vinegar and the pepper extract are used together, the synergistic effect is obviously better than that when the bamboo vinegar and the pepper extract are used alone. The prevention and treatment effect on pumpkin fusarium wilt and pumpkin botrytis cinerea is the best after the four extracts are compounded, and the effect is remarkably improved.
TABLE 2 measurement results of toxicity of the compounded bamboo vinegar, fructus Zanthoxyli extractive solution, osthole and berberine on Cucumis squamosa and Cucumis cinerea
Note that: in the mixture compounded by the two extracts, the bamboo vinegar or the pepper extract accounts for 3/10 of the total volume of the mixture, the osthole solution or the berberine solution accounts for 1/10 of the total volume of the mixture, and the rest is water; in the mixed preparation compounded by the three extracts, the bamboo vinegar or the pepper extract accounts for 3/10 of the total volume of the mixed preparation, the osthole solution and the berberine solution respectively account for 1/10 of the total volume of the mixed preparation, and the rest is water; in the mixed preparation of the four extracts, the volume ratio of the bamboo vinegar solution, the pepper extract, the osthole solution and the tillerine solution is 3:3:1: 1.
Compared with the traditional chemical pesticide, the pesticide has the advantages of safety, no pollution, no residue and toxic action on the pumpkin vine blight bacteria, the pumpkin botrytis cinerea and the pumpkin aphids.
Compared with a single botanical pesticide, the pesticide has the beneficial effects that the pesticide has the most excellent control effects on the pumpkin sphaleromyces cucumerinum, the pumpkin botrytis cinerea and the pumpkin aphid. 100-300 mu g/mL bamboo vinegar, 100-300 mu g/mL pepper extract, 50-100 mu g/mL osthole solution and 20-80 mu g/mL berberine solution, wherein the volume percentages are as follows: bamboo vinegar liquid: chinese prickly ash extract: osthole: the botanical pesticide obtained by compounding berberine with 3:3:1:1 has obvious control effects on pumpkin vine blight bacteria, pumpkin botrytis cinerea and pumpkin aphid. Meanwhile, the natural botanical pesticide is easy to degrade and difficult to remain, has wide raw material source, low cost and simple and environment-friendly preparation process.
Claims (8)
1. A botanical pesticide is characterized by comprising 100-300 mu g/mL of bamboo vinegar, 100-300 mu g/mL of pepper extract, 50-100 mu g/mL of osthole solution, 20-80 mu g/mL of berberine solution and an auxiliary agent, wherein the volume percentages of the bamboo vinegar, the pepper extract, the osthole solution and the tiller alkali solution are as follows: bamboo vinegar liquid: chinese prickly ash extract: osthole: berberine is 3:3:1: 1.
2. The botanical pesticide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adjuvant comprises an emulsifier, a thickener and an antifreeze, wherein the emulsifier is 1-3% by volume, the thickener is 1-3% by volume and the antifreeze is 1-5% by volume based on the botanical pesticide.
3. The plant-derived pesticide according to claim 2, wherein said emulsifier is an alkylbenzene sulfonate or tween.
4. The plant-derived pesticide of claim 2, wherein said thickening agent is xanthan gum.
5. The plant-derived pesticide of claim 2, wherein said antifreeze agent is ethylene glycol.
6. The method for preparing a plant-derived pesticide according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) extracting bamboo vinegar:
a. pouring the purchased crude bamboo vinegar with the volume of 100mL and the mass volume concentration of 100-300 mu g/mL into a glass container, standing for 3-4 days, wherein the upper layer is a light yellow liquid, and the lower layer is a bamboo tar layer;
b. taking the upper layer of light yellow liquid in the step a, pouring the obtained upper layer of light yellow liquid into a normal-pressure separating funnel, and extracting with 500mL of absolute ethyl alcohol for 3-5 times to obtain bamboo vinegar liquid containing the absolute ethyl alcohol;
c. transferring the bamboo vinegar liquid obtained in the step b into a round-bottom flask, placing the round-bottom flask into a water bath kettle at the temperature of 80-90 ℃, and distilling at normal pressure to obtain the bamboo vinegar liquid with the mass volume concentration of 100-300 mu g/mL;
(2) extracting a pepper extracting solution:
d. soaking 2-5 kg of pepper fruits in 3L of absolute ethyl alcohol for 3-4 days at normal temperature under an ultrasonic condition, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 80-100 Hz;
e. filtering with Buchner funnel to obtain fructus Zanthoxyli extractive solution containing anhydrous ethanol;
f. transferring the liquid obtained in the step e into a round-bottom flask, placing the round-bottom flask into a water bath kettle at the temperature of 80-90 ℃, and distilling at normal pressure to obtain a pepper extracting solution with the mass volume concentration of 100-300 mu g/mL;
(3) fully mixing the bamboo vinegar liquid obtained in the step (1) and the pepper extract obtained in the step (2), adding 50-100 mu g/mL osthole solution, 20-80 mu g/mL berberine solution and an auxiliary agent, and uniformly stirring, wherein the volume percentages of the bamboo vinegar liquid, the pepper extract, the osthole solution and the tiller alkali solution are as follows: bamboo vinegar liquid: chinese prickly ash extract: osthole: berberine is 3:3:1: 1.
7. The method of producing a botanical pesticide as claimed in claim 6 wherein the zanthoxylum bungeanum is zanthoxylum bungeanum.
8. The method for preparing a botanical pesticide as claimed in claim 6 wherein the adjuvant includes an emulsifier, a thickener and an anti-freeze agent, based on the total volume of the mixed bamboo vinegar, pepper extract, cnidium lactone solution and berberine solution, the emulsifier is 1-3% by volume, the thickener is 1-3% by volume and the anti-freeze agent is 1-5% by volume.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101940229A (en) * | 2010-08-05 | 2011-01-12 | 宁夏农林科学院 | Berberine plant source insecticide and preparation method thereof |
| CN103081912A (en) * | 2013-01-25 | 2013-05-08 | 浙江农林大学 | Celastrus angulatus and cnidium lactone compounded pesticide and preparation method thereof |
| CN104705354A (en) * | 2015-03-24 | 2015-06-17 | 浙江农林大学暨阳学院 | Plant source insecticide for gardens |
| CN104855440A (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2015-08-26 | 黑龙江省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Botanical pesticide and preparation method thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101940229A (en) * | 2010-08-05 | 2011-01-12 | 宁夏农林科学院 | Berberine plant source insecticide and preparation method thereof |
| CN103081912A (en) * | 2013-01-25 | 2013-05-08 | 浙江农林大学 | Celastrus angulatus and cnidium lactone compounded pesticide and preparation method thereof |
| CN104705354A (en) * | 2015-03-24 | 2015-06-17 | 浙江农林大学暨阳学院 | Plant source insecticide for gardens |
| CN104855440A (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2015-08-26 | 黑龙江省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Botanical pesticide and preparation method thereof |
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