CN107347354B - Self-propelled small-particle root-tuber crop combine harvester - Google Patents
Self-propelled small-particle root-tuber crop combine harvester Download PDFInfo
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- CN107347354B CN107347354B CN201710786754.8A CN201710786754A CN107347354B CN 107347354 B CN107347354 B CN 107347354B CN 201710786754 A CN201710786754 A CN 201710786754A CN 107347354 B CN107347354 B CN 107347354B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D17/00—Digging machines with sieving and conveying mechanisms
- A01D17/08—Digging machines with sieving and conveying mechanisms with shaker type screens
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D17/00—Digging machines with sieving and conveying mechanisms
- A01D17/04—Digging machines with sieving and conveying mechanisms with conveyors arranged below the sieving device
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D33/00—Accessories for digging harvesters
- A01D33/02—Foliage-separating mechanisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D33/00—Accessories for digging harvesters
- A01D33/04—Stone-separating mechanisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D33/00—Accessories for digging harvesters
- A01D33/08—Special sorting and cleaning mechanisms
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/12—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries using renewable energies, e.g. solar water pumping
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Harvesting Machines For Root Crops (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a self-propelled small-particle root-tuber crop combine harvester, which can effectively solve the problems of improving the screening effect and the cleaning rate of small-particle root-tuber crop fruits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to a self-propelled small-particle root-tuber crop combine harvester.
Background
In the past, when small-particle root crops (such as cyperus esculentus, pinellia ternate, rhizoma corydalis, fritillaria and the like) are excavated, manual excavation is generally needed, the labor intensity is high, and the efficiency is low. Some rhizome excavators appear in the market at present, the excavating efficiency is greatly improved, the labor intensity is reduced, for example, the cyperus esculentus combined harvester with the application number of 201320772694.1, which is previously applied by the inventor, has a small application range due to the structural problem, can only be used for one rhizome crop, has low yield, often causes fruits to leak from gaps, causes serious economic loss due to poor screening effect, and causes the problems of light front and heavy back and front tilting when the fruits are harvested to a certain weight due to traction, so that the fruits need to be unloaded for 3-4 times in 1 mu of land, the working efficiency is low, and the using effect is unsatisfactory. The later application has filed "a self-propelled shallow rhizome combine harvester" of application number "201620865285.X", but in the use, be difficult to adapt to the tiny particle crop, the cleaning rate is low, and the screening effect is unsatisfactory, separates unclean, and the result of use is unsatisfactory, causes serious economic loss, and consequently, its improvement and innovation are imperative.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above situation, the present invention aims to provide a self-propelled small granule root and stem crop combine harvester, which can effectively solve the problems of improving the screening effect and the yield of small granule root and stem crop fruits.
The technical scheme for solving the problem is as follows:
a self-propelled small-particle root-tuber crop combine harvester comprises a chassis, a cab, a rack and an engine, wherein the cab, the rack and the engine are arranged on the chassis, walking wheels driven by the engine are arranged on the chassis, a positioning soil crushing feeding device, a lifting and conveying device, a longitudinal double-layer vibrating screen, a transverse double-layer vibrating screen, a wind lifting screening and conveying device and a top single-layer vibrating screen which are driven by the engine are respectively arranged on the rack, and the positioning soil crushing feeding device is arranged at a feeding end of the lifting and conveying device;
the longitudinal double-layer vibrating screen is a vibrating conveying structure consisting of an upper-layer longitudinal screen plate and a lower-layer longitudinal screen plate which are arranged at intervals, wherein the upper-layer longitudinal screen plate is provided with a first screen hole for separating small-particle root and tuber crop fruits and enabling the small-particle root and tuber crop fruits to fall into the lower-layer longitudinal screen plate, and the lower-layer longitudinal screen plate is provided with a second screen hole for separating soil blocks and enabling the small-particle root and tuber crop fruits to be continuously conveyed forwards;
the transverse double-layer vibrating screen is a vibrating conveying structure consisting of an upper-layer transverse screen plate and a lower-layer transverse screen plate which are arranged at intervals, wherein the upper-layer transverse screen plate is provided with a third screen hole for separating small-particle root and tuber crop fruits and enabling the small-particle root and tuber crop fruits to fall into the lower-layer transverse screen plate, and the lower-layer transverse screen plate is provided with a fourth screen hole for separating soil blocks and enabling the small-particle root and tuber crop fruits to be continuously conveyed forwards;
the top single-layer vibrating screen is a vibrating conveying structure consisting of single-layer vibrating screen plates, and the single-layer vibrating screen plates are provided with fifth screen holes for further separating soil blocks to convey small-particle root-tuber crop fruits forwards;
the wind power lifting, screening and conveying device comprises a feeding hopper, a feeding cavity and a lifting pipeline, wherein the feeding hopper is arranged above the feeding cavity in an upward opening manner and is communicated with the inside of the feeding cavity, the feeding cavity is connected with the feeding end of the lifting pipeline, the opening of a discharge opening of the lifting pipeline is arranged above the feeding end of the single-layer vibrating sieve plate in a downward manner, a first fan is arranged on the feeding cavity at the front end of the connection part of the feeding hopper and the feeding cavity to form a wind power conveying structure for small-particle root-tuber crops and fruits in the lifting pipeline, and a soil block discharge opening with the downward opening is arranged on the lifting pipeline;
the feeding end of the upper longitudinal sieve plate is connected with the discharging end of the lifting conveying device, the discharging end of the upper longitudinal sieve plate is connected with the feeding end of the upper transverse sieve plate, the discharging end of the lower longitudinal sieve plate is connected with the feeding end of the lower transverse sieve plate, the discharging end of the lower transverse sieve plate is positioned right above the feeding hopper, the discharging end of the upper transverse sieve plate extends outwards out of the feeding hopper to form a soil block discharging and backfilling structure, and the discharging end of the single-layer vibrating sieve plate is connected with the feeding end of a harvesting box arranged at the rear part of the frame;
a wind power leaf outlet pipeline is arranged above the discharge end of the upper-layer longitudinal sieve plate, a feed port on the wind power leaf outlet pipeline of a second fan is arranged on the wind power leaf outlet pipeline and is opposite to the upper surface of the discharge end of the upper-layer longitudinal sieve plate, and a discharge port extends out of the frame from the side face to form a wind power discharge backfill structure of small-particle root-stem crop blades and weeds;
when the device is used, the small-particle root-tuber crop fruits and blades are shoveled out of soil by the positioning soil-crushing feeding device, the mixture of the fruits, the blades, the weeds and the soil blocks is conveyed to the upper-layer longitudinal sieve plate by the lifting conveying device, the mixture is conveyed forwards by vibration, most of the small-particle root-tuber crop fruits and the smaller soil blocks fall to the lower-layer longitudinal sieve plate through the first sieve holes on the small-particle root-tuber crop fruits and continuously convey forwards along the conveying direction of the lower-layer longitudinal sieve plate in the vibration conveying process, the smaller soil blocks are separated through the second sieve holes in the vibration conveying process, the small-particle root-tuber crop fruits are continuously conveyed forwards and fall into the lower-layer transverse sieve plate, the large soil blocks, the weeds, the blades and the rest small-particle root-tuber crop fruits remained on the upper-layer longitudinal sieve plate are continuously conveyed forwards on the upper-layer longitudinal sieve plate, the blades and the weeds are backfilled by a wind-force leaf outlet pipeline at the discharge end of the upper-layer longitudinal sieve plate, fruits and soil blocks fall into the upper layer transverse sieve plate, because the interference of weeds and blades is eliminated, the residual small-particle root-tuber crop fruits fall into the lower layer transverse sieve plate through the third sieve mesh by vibration conveying on the upper layer transverse sieve plate, the soil blocks fall onto the ground from the discharge end of the upper layer transverse sieve plate and are backfilled, the small-particle root-tuber crop fruits on the lower layer transverse sieve plate and some small-particle soil blocks enter a feeding cavity from a feeding hopper together, the small-particle root-tuber crop fruits and some small-particle soil blocks are upwards fed into the feeding end of the single-layer vibration sieve plate along a lifting pipeline under the action of wind force of a fan, because the lower part of the lifting pipeline is provided with a soil block discharging port with a downward opening, the heavy large soil blocks mixed in the small-particle root-tuber crop fruits are discharged from the soil block discharging port under the action of gravity, and the residual fine particles are separated from the fifth sieve mesh in the vibration conveying process of the single-layer vibration sieve plate, thereby completing the recovery of small-particle root crops and fruits, and greatly improving the yield through multi-stage screening.
Location hack feed arrangement include the support and adorn the hack arbor on the support, limit dark arm and the sword that loosens the soil, the sword that loosens the soil sets up in the front portion that promotes conveyor feed end, the hack arbor sets up in the sword top that loosens the soil, the hack arbor is equipped with rotatory hack sword, the one end and the support of limit dark arm are articulated, the other end stretches out the front end of hack sword forward, be provided with rotatory depth wheel on the tip of stretching out, be provided with altitude mixture control board on the support, altitude mixture control board is last to have a plurality of altitude mixture control holes, the middle part warp of limit dark arm is worn the dress and is linked to each other with altitude mixture control board in altitude mixture control hole, constitute the altitude mixture control structure of limit dark arm.
The conveying directions of the upper-layer longitudinal sieve plate and the upper-layer transverse sieve plate are mutually vertical, and the conveying direction of the lower-layer longitudinal sieve plate is mutually vertical to the conveying direction of the lower-layer transverse sieve plate.
And a baffle plate vertical to the conveying direction of the lifting pipeline is arranged on a discharge port of the lifting pipeline to form a soil block crushing structure.
The multi-stage screening machine has the advantages of novel and unique structure, simplicity, reasonability and easiness in operation, achieves good screening effect through targeted multi-stage screening, greatly improves the fruit yield, is high in working efficiency, wide in application range, convenient to use and good in effect, and is an innovation on small-particle root-tuber crop harvesting equipment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the conveying direction of the transverse double-deck vibrating screen of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the conveying direction at the outlet of the lifting pipe according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-3, the invention comprises a chassis 28, a cab 14 arranged on the chassis, a frame 1 and an engine 25, wherein the chassis is provided with a walking wheel 24 driven by the engine, and is characterized in that the frame 4 is respectively provided with a positioning soil crushing feeding device, a lifting and conveying device, a longitudinal double-layer vibrating screen, a transverse double-layer vibrating screen, a wind lifting screening and conveying device and a top single-layer vibrating screen driven by the engine, and the positioning soil crushing feeding device is arranged at the feeding end of the lifting and conveying device;
the longitudinal double-layer vibrating screen is a vibrating conveying structure consisting of an upper-layer longitudinal screen plate 2a and a lower-layer longitudinal screen plate 2b which are arranged at intervals from top to bottom, the upper-layer longitudinal screen plate 2a is provided with a first screen hole used for separating small-particle root-tuber crop fruits and enabling the small-particle root-tuber crop fruits to fall into the lower-layer longitudinal screen plate 2b, and the lower-layer longitudinal screen plate 2b is provided with a second screen hole used for separating soil blocks and enabling the small-particle root-tuber crop fruits to be conveyed forwards continuously; the aperture of the first sieve pore is larger than the particle size of the small-particle root-tuber crop fruit, and the aperture of the second sieve pore is smaller than the particle size of the small-particle root-tuber crop fruit;
the transverse double-layer vibrating screen is a vibrating conveying structure consisting of an upper-layer transverse screen plate 3a and a lower-layer transverse screen plate 3b which are arranged at intervals, wherein the upper-layer transverse screen plate 3a is provided with a third screen hole for separating small-particle root-tuber crop fruits and enabling the small-particle root-tuber crop fruits to fall into the lower-layer transverse screen plate 3b, and the lower-layer transverse screen plate 3b is provided with a fourth screen hole for separating soil blocks and enabling the small-particle root-tuber crop fruits to be conveyed forwards continuously; the aperture of the third sieve pore is larger than the particle size of the small-particle root-tuber crop fruits, and the aperture of the fourth sieve pore is smaller than the particle size of the small-particle root-tuber crop fruits;
the top single-layer vibrating screen is a vibrating conveying structure consisting of single-layer vibrating screen plates 4, and the single-layer vibrating screen plates 4 are provided with fifth screen holes for further separating soil blocks to convey small-particle root-tuber crop fruits forwards; the aperture of the fifth sieve pore is smaller than the particle size of the small-particle root and tuber crop fruits;
the wind lifting, screening and conveying device comprises a feed hopper 5, a feed cavity 6 and a lifting pipeline 7, wherein the feed hopper 5 is arranged above the feed cavity 6 in an upward opening manner and is communicated with the inside of the feed cavity, the feed cavity 6 is connected with the feed end of the lifting pipeline 7, a discharge port 27 of the lifting pipeline 7 is arranged above the feed end of the single-layer vibrating sieve plate 4 in a downward opening manner, a first fan 9 is arranged on the feed cavity at the front end of the connection part of the feed hopper 5 and the feed cavity 6 to form a wind conveying structure for small-particle root-tuber crops and fruits in the lifting pipeline, and a soil block discharge port 26 with a downward opening portion is arranged on the lifting pipeline; the lifting pipeline 7 is arranged in an upward inclined manner, and the soil block outlet 26 can be arranged at the bottom of the lifting pipeline;
the feeding end of the upper-layer longitudinal sieve plate 2a is connected with the discharging end of the lifting conveying device, the discharging end of the upper-layer longitudinal sieve plate 2a is connected with the feeding end of the upper-layer transverse sieve plate 2a, the discharging end of the lower-layer longitudinal sieve plate 2b is connected with the feeding end of the lower-layer transverse sieve plate 2b, the discharging end of the lower-layer transverse sieve plate 2b is positioned right above the feeding hopper 5, the discharging end of the upper-layer transverse sieve plate 2a extends outwards out of the feeding hopper 5 to form a soil block discharging and backfilling structure, and the discharging end of the single-layer vibrating sieve plate 4 is connected with the feeding end of a harvesting box 10 arranged at the rear part of the frame;
a wind power leaf outlet pipeline 12 is arranged above the discharge end of the upper layer longitudinal sieve plate 2a, a second fan 13 is arranged on the wind power leaf outlet pipeline 12, a feed inlet on the wind power leaf outlet pipeline 12 is opposite to the upper surface of the discharge end of the upper layer longitudinal sieve plate 2a, and a discharge outlet extends out of the frame from the side face to form a wind power discharge backfill structure of small-particle root-stem crop blades and weeds;
in order to ensure the using effect, the positioning soil crushing and feeding device comprises a support 16, a soil crushing cutter shaft 29, a depth limiting arm 19 and a soil loosening cutter 21, wherein the soil loosening cutter 21 is arranged at the front part of the feeding end of the lifting and conveying device, the soil crushing cutter shaft 29 is arranged above the soil loosening cutter, the soil crushing cutter shaft 29 is provided with a rotating soil crushing cutter 30, one end of the depth limiting arm 19 is hinged with the support, the other end of the depth limiting arm extends forwards out of the front end of the soil crushing cutter, a rotating depth limiting wheel 18 is arranged on the extending end part, the support is provided with a height adjusting plate 20, the height adjusting plate 20 is provided with a plurality of height adjusting holes, and the middle part of the depth limiting arm 19 is connected with the height adjusting plate 20 through pins arranged in the height adjusting holes to form a height adjusting structure of the depth limiting arm 19;
the bracket 1 of the positioning soil crushing and feeding device is hinged with the frame, and a first hydraulic cylinder 23 for adjusting the angle of the bracket is arranged between the bracket and the frame;
the lifting conveying device comprises a first conveying belt 17 and a second conveying belt 15 which are obliquely arranged in the same direction and are connected end to end, the lower end of the first conveying belt 17 is used as a feeding end, a scarification knife 21 is arranged in front of the feeding end of the first conveying belt 17, the discharging end of the first conveying belt 17 is connected with the feeding end of the second conveying belt 15, the discharging end of the second conveying belt 15 is connected with the feeding end of the upper-layer longitudinal sieve plate 2a, soil block screening holes are formed in the first conveying belt 17 and the second conveying belt 15 to form a filtering type lifting conveying structure, the first conveying belt 17 and the second conveying belt 15 are wound on driving wheels and driven wheels which correspond to the first conveying belt 17 and the second conveying belt 15 respectively, and the driving wheels are driven by an engine; the first conveying belt 17 and the second conveying belt 15 are respectively provided with a vibrating wheel 22, and under the action of the vibrating wheels, the mixture of fruits, leaves, weeds and soil blocks is primarily screened on the first conveying belt and the first conveying belt to screen away the soil blocks;
the conveying directions of the upper-layer longitudinal sieve plate 2a and the upper-layer transverse sieve plate 2a are mutually vertical, and the conveying direction of the lower-layer longitudinal sieve plate 2b is mutually vertical to the conveying direction of the lower-layer transverse sieve plate 2 b;
the upper-layer longitudinal sieve plate 2a and the lower-layer longitudinal sieve plate 2b are connected together by connecting plates on the side surfaces in an up-down interval, the connecting plates are connected with a hanging shaft arranged on the rack through a hanging arm, and then are connected with an eccentric wheel driven by an engine through a vibrating arm to drive the vibrating arm to vibrate, so that a vibrating type conveying structure of the upper-layer longitudinal sieve plate and the lower-layer longitudinal sieve plate is formed;
the upper layer transverse sieve plate 3a and the lower layer transverse sieve plate 3b are arranged and connected with each other at intervals from top to bottom by a connecting plate on the side surface, the connecting plate is connected with a hanging shaft arranged on the rack through a hanging arm, and then the connecting plate is connected with an eccentric wheel driven by an engine through a vibrating arm to drive the vibrating plate to vibrate, so that the vibrating type conveying structure of the upper layer transverse sieve plate and the lower layer transverse sieve plate is formed.
The harvesting box 10 is provided with a second hydraulic cylinder 11 for overturning the harvesting box.
The discharge port 27 of the lifting pipeline 7 is provided with a baffle 8 vertical to the conveying direction of the lifting pipeline to form a soil block crushing structure, and partial small-particle soil blocks are beaten on the baffle to be crushed, so that the fifth sieve holes on the single-layer vibrating sieve plate 4 can be smoothly separated.
The use condition of the invention is as follows: after the engine 25 is started, the power is transmitted to each power element through a power transmission structure such as a chain wheel, a chain, a belt pulley and a belt (not shown) arranged on the frame, each part is driven to operate, the scarifier blade is inserted into soil, fruits of small-particle rhizome crops are shoveled out of the soil, the soil-breaking blade rotates to cut large soil blocks, leaves, stems, weeds and the like, the mixture of the fruits, the leaves, the weeds and the soil blocks is sent to the upper-layer longitudinal sieve plate 2a through the lifting and conveying device, the fruits and the small soil blocks are conveyed forwards through vibration, most of the fruits of the small-particle rhizome crops and the small soil blocks fall to the lower-layer longitudinal sieve plate 2b through a first sieve hole on the fruits and the small soil blocks in the vibration conveying process, the small soil blocks are continuously conveyed forwards through a second sieve hole in the vibration conveying process, the small-particle root crop fruits are continuously conveyed forwards and fall into the lower-layer transverse sieve plate 3b, while the large-sized soil blocks, weeds, blades and the rest small-particle root crop fruits left on the upper-layer longitudinal sieve plate 2a are continuously conveyed forwards on the upper-layer longitudinal sieve plate 2a, the blades and the weeds are sucked and backfilled at the discharge end of the upper-layer longitudinal sieve plate by a wind power leaf outlet pipeline, the fruits and the soil blocks fall into the upper-layer transverse sieve plate 3a, the interference of the weeds and the blades is eliminated, the rest small-particle root crop fruits fall into the lower-layer transverse sieve plate 3b through a third sieve hole by vibration conveying on the upper-layer transverse sieve plate 3a, the soil blocks fall to the ground from the discharge end of the upper-layer transverse sieve plate 3a and are backfilled (shown by an arrow a in figure 2), the small-particle root crop fruits on the lower-layer transverse sieve plate 3b and some small-particle soil blocks enter a feeding cavity from a feeding hopper (shown by an arrow b in figure 2), the feed end of individual layer vibration sieve 4 is upwards sent into along the lifting pipe under the effect of fan wind power, because the lower part at the lifting pipe is provided with soil block discharge port 26 that the oral area set up down, the heavy big soil block of weight that mix with in the granule rhizome crop fruit is discharged from the soil block discharge port under the effect of gravity, be provided with on the discharge gate 27 of lifting pipe 7 with lifting pipe direction of delivery vertically baffle 8, constitute the crushing structure of soil block, part granule soil block is beaten to the baffle and is broken, thereby can follow the separation of the fifth sieve mesh on individual layer vibration sieve 4 smoothly (as shown in fig. 3 arrow c, d), some remaining tiny particles are by the separation from the fifth sieve mesh in the process of individual layer vibration sieve 4 vibration transport, thereby accomplish the recovery of granule rhizome crop fruit, through multistage screening, the rate of appearing cleaning has greatly been improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the self-propelled harvester avoids the condition that the harvester cannot work due to the fact that the front part of the harvester is light and the back part of the harvester is heavy due to overweight during harvesting, does not need to discharge materials for many times, and greatly improves the working efficiency;
2. the front-row double conveyor belts are adopted, so that the initial separation length is greatly increased, 50% of soil can be separated after the soil is discharged from the second conveyor belt, a good foundation is laid for the final screening effect, and the final net discharge rate is ensured;
3. the positioning soil-crushing feeding device is additionally arranged at the front end, so that the depth which is suitable for the fruit to be harvested can be adjusted and limited according to different types of rootstock fruits, and the application range is wide;
4. the multi-stage vibrating screen is integrated on the frame and distributed longitudinally, transversely, vertically and vertically, so that a large amount of space is saved, the integral structure is compact, the vibrating screening distance is greatly increased, and the screening effect is improved;
5. a wind power leaf outlet pipeline is arranged above the discharge end of the upper-layer longitudinal sieve plate, leaves, weeds and small-particle soil are sucked out and backfilled, and then fruits and soil blocks are conveyed to the upper-layer transverse sieve plate, so that the interference of the weeds and the leaves is eliminated, the fruits on the upper-layer transverse sieve plate can be smoothly screened onto the lower-layer transverse sieve plate, and the fruit loss is prevented;
6. after the screening of horizontal double-deck shale shaker, upwards carry top individual layer shale shaker to filter through wind-force promotion screening conveyor again, at the in-process that promotes, the heavy big soil block of weight is discharged from the soil block discharge port on the lifting pipe under the action of gravity, just so got rid of the large granule soil block in last screening process, guarantee out the net rate, and be provided with the baffle on the discharge gate of lifting pipe, the small granule soil block that partial weight is little beats to the baffle on broken, thereby follow the separation of fifth sieve mesh on the individual layer shale shaker board smoothly, the screening effect has been improved greatly.
The multi-stage screening machine has the advantages of novel and unique structure, simplicity, reasonability and easiness in operation, achieves good screening effect through targeted multi-stage screening, greatly improves the fruit yield, is high in working efficiency, wide in application range, convenient to use and good in effect, and is an innovation on small-particle root-tuber crop harvesting equipment.
In a word, the invention has unique structure, integrates the functions of digging soil, breaking roots, separating, screening and recovering, achieves good screening effect through targeted multi-stage screening, greatly improves the fruit yield, has high working efficiency and wide application range, can be suitable for harvesting various small-particle root crops, is convenient to move, has large popularization prospect and has good social and economic benefits.
Claims (8)
1. A self-propelled small-particle rhizome crop combine harvester comprises a chassis (28), a cab (14), a rack (1) and an engine (25), wherein the cab, the rack (1) and the engine (25) are arranged on the chassis, and travelling wheels (24) driven by the engine are arranged on the chassis;
the longitudinal double-layer vibrating screen is a vibrating conveying structure consisting of an upper-layer longitudinal screen plate (2 a) and a lower-layer longitudinal screen plate (2 b) which are arranged at intervals from top to bottom, a first screen hole used for separating small-particle root-tuber crop fruits and enabling the small-particle root-tuber crop fruits to fall into the lower-layer longitudinal screen plate (2 b) is arranged on the upper-layer longitudinal screen plate (2 a), and a second screen hole used for separating soil blocks and enabling the small-particle root-tuber crop fruits to be conveyed forwards continuously is arranged on the lower-layer longitudinal screen plate (2 b);
the transverse double-layer vibrating screen is a vibrating conveying structure consisting of an upper-layer transverse screen plate (3 a) and a lower-layer transverse screen plate (3 b) which are arranged at intervals from top to bottom, a third screen hole used for separating small-particle root-tuber crop fruits and enabling the small-particle root-tuber crop fruits to fall into the lower-layer transverse screen plate (3 b) is formed in the upper-layer transverse screen plate (3 a), and a fourth screen hole used for separating soil blocks and enabling the small-particle root-tuber crop fruits to continue to be conveyed forwards is formed in the lower-layer transverse screen plate (3 b);
the top single-layer vibrating screen is a vibrating conveying structure consisting of single-layer vibrating screen plates (4), and fifth screen holes for further separating soil blocks to convey small-particle root-tuber crop fruits forwards are formed in the single-layer vibrating screen plates (4);
the wind power lifting, screening and conveying device comprises a feed hopper (5), a feed cavity (6) and a lifting pipeline (7), wherein the feed hopper (5) is arranged above the feed cavity (6) in an upward opening manner and is communicated with the inside of the feed cavity, the feed cavity (6) is connected with the feed end of the lifting pipeline (7), the opening of a discharge port (27) of the lifting pipeline (7) is arranged above the feed end of the single-layer vibrating screen plate (4) in a downward manner, a first fan (9) is arranged on the feed cavity at the front end of the connection part of the feed hopper (5) and the feed cavity (6) to form a wind power conveying structure for small-particle rhizome crop fruits in the lifting pipeline, and a soil block discharge port (26) with the opening arranged downward is arranged on the lifting pipeline;
the feeding end of the upper-layer longitudinal sieve plate (2 a) is connected with the discharging end of the lifting conveying device, the discharging end of the upper-layer longitudinal sieve plate (2 a) is connected with the feeding end of the upper-layer transverse sieve plate (2 a), the discharging end of the lower-layer longitudinal sieve plate (2 b) is connected with the feeding end of the lower-layer transverse sieve plate (2 b), the discharging end of the lower-layer transverse sieve plate (2 b) is positioned right above the feeding hopper (5), the discharging end of the upper-layer transverse sieve plate (2 a) extends outwards out of the feeding hopper (5) to form a soil block discharging and backfilling structure, and the discharging end of the single-layer vibrating sieve plate (4) is connected with the feeding end of a harvesting box (10) arranged at the rear part of the frame;
a wind power leaf outlet pipeline (12) is arranged above the discharge end of the upper-layer longitudinal sieve plate (2 a), a second fan (13) is arranged on the wind power leaf outlet pipeline (12), a feed inlet on the wind power leaf outlet pipeline (12) is opposite to the upper surface of the discharge end of the upper-layer longitudinal sieve plate (2 a), and a discharge outlet extends out of the rack from the side face to form a wind power discharge backfill structure of small-particle root-stem crop blades and weeds;
when in use, the small-particle root-tuber crop fruits and blades are shoveled out of soil by the positioning soil-crushing feeding device, the mixture of the fruits, the blades, the weeds and the soil blocks is conveyed onto the upper-layer longitudinal sieve plate (2 a) by the lifting conveying device, the mixture is conveyed forwards by vibration, most of the small-particle root-tuber crop fruits and smaller soil blocks fall onto the lower-layer longitudinal sieve plate (2 b) through first sieve holes on the small-particle root-tuber crop fruits and continue to be conveyed forwards along the conveying direction of the lower-layer longitudinal sieve plate in the vibration conveying process, the smaller soil blocks are separated through second sieve holes in the vibration conveying process, the small-particle root-tuber crop fruits continue to be conveyed forwards and fall into the lower-layer transverse sieve plate (3 b), and the large-block soil blocks, the weeds, the blades and the rest small-particle root-tuber crop fruits remained on the upper-layer longitudinal sieve plate (2 a) continue to be conveyed forwards on the upper-layer longitudinal sieve plate (2 a), the blades and the weeds are sucked and backfilled at the discharge end of the upper layer longitudinal sieve plate by a wind power blade outlet pipeline, the fruits and soil blocks fall into the upper layer transverse sieve plate (3 a), the interference of the weeds and the blades is eliminated, the residual small-particle root-tuber crop fruits fall into the lower layer transverse sieve plate (3 b) through a third sieve pore, the soil blocks fall onto the ground from the discharge end of the upper layer transverse sieve plate (3 a) and are backfilled, the small-particle root-tuber crop fruits on the lower layer transverse sieve plate (3 b) and some small-particle soil blocks enter a feeding cavity together from a feeding hopper, the small-particle root-tuber crop fruits and some small-particle soil blocks are upwards fed into the feeding end of the single-layer vibrating sieve plate (4) along a lifting pipeline under the action of the wind power of a fan, and a soil block discharging port (26) with a downward opening is arranged at the lower part of the lifting pipeline, the heavy soil blocks which are mingled with the small-particle root-tuber crop fruits and are heavier in weight are discharged from the soil block discharge port under the action of gravity, and the rest fine particles are separated from the fifth sieve mesh in the process of vibration conveying of the single-layer vibration sieve plate (4), so that the small-particle root-tuber crop fruits are recovered, and the net yield is greatly improved through multi-stage sieving.
2. The self-propelled small-particle rhizome crop combine harvester as claimed in claim 1, wherein the positioning soil crushing and feeding device comprises a support (16), a soil crushing cutter shaft (29), a depth limiting arm (19) and a soil loosening cutter (21), the soil loosening cutter (21) is arranged in front of the feeding end of the lifting and conveying device, the soil crushing cutter shaft (29) is arranged above the soil loosening cutter, a rotary soil crushing cutter (30) is arranged on the soil crushing cutter shaft (29), one end of the depth limiting arm (19) is hinged to the support, the other end of the depth limiting arm extends forwards out of the front end of the soil crushing cutter, a rotary depth limiting wheel (18) is arranged on the extending end, a height adjusting plate (20) is arranged on the support, a plurality of height adjusting holes are formed in the height adjusting plate (20), and the middle of the depth limiting arm (19) is connected with the height adjusting plate (20) through pins penetrating into the height adjusting holes, so as to form a height adjusting structure of the depth limiting arm (19).
3. The self-propelled small-grain root and tuber crop combine harvester of claim 2, wherein the bracket (1) of the positioning soil crushing and feeding device is hinged with the frame, and a first hydraulic cylinder (23) for adjusting the angle of the bracket is arranged between the bracket and the frame.
4. The self-propelled small-particle rhizome crop combine harvester according to claim 2, wherein the lifting and conveying device comprises a first conveying belt (17) and a second conveying belt (15) which are obliquely arranged in the same direction and are connected end to end, the lower end of the first conveying belt (17) serves as a feeding end, a scarifier blade (21) is arranged in front of the feeding end of the first conveying belt (17), the discharging end of the first conveying belt (17) is connected with the feeding end of the second conveying belt (15), the discharging end of the second conveying belt (15) is connected with the feeding end of the upper longitudinal sieve plate (2 a), and soil block screening holes are formed in the first conveying belt (17) and the second conveying belt (15) to form a filtering type lifting and conveying structure.
5. The self-propelled small-grain root and tuber crop combine harvester of claim 4, wherein the first conveyor belt (17) and the second conveyor belt (15) are provided with vibrating wheels (22).
6. The self-propelled small-particle root crop combine harvester of claim 1, wherein the conveying direction of the upper-layer longitudinal sieve plate (2 a) and the conveying direction of the upper-layer transverse sieve plate (2 a) are perpendicular to each other, and the conveying direction of the lower-layer longitudinal sieve plate (2 b) and the conveying direction of the lower-layer transverse sieve plate (2 b) are perpendicular to each other.
7. The self-propelled small-grain root and tuber crop combine harvester of claim 1, wherein the harvesting tank (10) is provided with a second hydraulic cylinder (11) for turning the harvesting tank.
8. The self-propelled small-granule root-tuber crop combine harvester of claim 1, wherein the discharge port (27) of the lifting pipe (7) is provided with a baffle (8) perpendicular to the conveying direction of the lifting pipe, so as to form a soil block crushing structure.
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| CN107347354B true CN107347354B (en) | 2023-02-28 |
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| CN108293331A (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2018-07-20 | 新乡地隆药业机械有限公司 | Self-propelled little particle root crop harvester |
| CN108464102A (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2018-08-31 | 新乡地隆药业机械有限公司 | Little particle root crop screening plant |
| CN111448883A (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2020-07-28 | 西北农林科技大学 | Potato grading harvester |
| CN113424698B (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2023-03-21 | 益阳达隆昌机器制造有限公司 | Dry harvester |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106068879A (en) * | 2016-08-11 | 2016-11-09 | 新乡地隆药业机械有限公司 | Self-propelled shallow rootstalk combine |
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| GB611677A (en) * | 1946-04-12 | 1948-11-02 | Oskar Olsson | Harvesting machine for root crops |
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| CN106068879A (en) * | 2016-08-11 | 2016-11-09 | 新乡地隆药业机械有限公司 | Self-propelled shallow rootstalk combine |
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| 多功能根茎收获机的试验研究;贾素梅等;《农机化研究》;20080701(第07期);全文 * |
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