CN107343560A - One kind changes shell phase cray feed - Google Patents
One kind changes shell phase cray feed Download PDFInfo
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- CN107343560A CN107343560A CN201710716272.5A CN201710716272A CN107343560A CN 107343560 A CN107343560 A CN 107343560A CN 201710716272 A CN201710716272 A CN 201710716272A CN 107343560 A CN107343560 A CN 107343560A
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- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
- A23K10/38—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material from distillers' or brewers' waste
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
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- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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Abstract
The invention discloses one kind to change shell phase cray feed, belongs to fish guano technical field.It is made up of the raw material of following weight parts:50 100 parts of minced fillet, 20 35 parts of earthworm soil, 60 120 parts of fermented cow dung, 0.5 3 parts of Choline Chloride, 50 150 parts of vinasse, 30 60 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 50 80 parts of wheat bran, 80 120 parts of fish meal, 150 200 parts of dregs of beans, 150 200 parts of rapeseed meal, 50 90 parts of peanut dregses, 50 90 parts of sorghum, 20 40 parts of sweet potato powder, 2 10 parts of herba houttuyniae powder, more 25 parts of ore deposits, 20 40 parts of dried silkworm chrysalis meal, 30 50 parts of digested tankage, 30 50 parts of blood meal, 50 80 parts of rice bran, 5 20 parts of multidimensional, 10 30 parts of aspartic acid, 0.5 3 parts of allicin, 5 20 parts of pumpkin powder, 5 20 parts of adhesive, 10 25 parts of phosphatide oil 20 35 and ferrous sulfate.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fish guano technical field, and in particular to one kind changes shell phase cray feed, and the Feed Energy effectively improves
Cray changes shell survival rate, condition and yield etc..
Background technology
Cray(Scientific name:Procambarus clarkii):Also referred to as Procambius clarkii, red crayfish and freshwater crayfish.Shape
Like shrimp, crust is hard.Adult is about 5.6-11.9 centimetres, kermesinus, the nearly black in crust part, and belly back side has a wedge-shaped bar
Line.Juvenile prawn body is uniform grey, has black ripple sometimes.Chela is long and narrow.Do not separated in the middle part of crust by areola, on crust
Obvious tool particle.Volume sword has gemmule or volume sword end tool indentation.
Cray is economic freshwater shrimps, because meat flavour is delicious wide welcomed by the people.Because its omnivorousness, the speed of growth are fast, suitable
Should be able to power it is strong and absolute competitive advantage is formed in local environment.Its scope of ingesting includes pasture and water, algae, aquatic elder brother
Worm, spoil etc., food are also killed each other when deficient scarce.Cray has become Important Economic cultivation product in China in recent years
Kind.Escape should be prevented during commercial aquaculture, especially prevent and escape into unfrequented ecosystem water body.It is to local species
Ecologic competition advantage and cause destructive harm.
The metamorphosis of the cray young and the regeneration supplied invariably accompany what shelling was carried out, only take off hard shell,
Cray could grow.When environmental condition is not suitable for cray life, cray tends not to smoothly shell, it may occur that shelling
It is unsuccessful to form iron fourth shrimp shell(Individual very little and become the shrimp of red shell).Simultaneously because the new shrimp body after shelling is soft, to pass through
A period of time shell can just be hardened, and at this moment tend to be killed and devour by similar or enemy, thus promote shelling and protection shelling shrimp to exist
It is most important in cray cultivation.
The content of the invention
In order to which that improves cray changes shell survival rate, the embodiments of the invention provide one kind to change shell phase cray feed.Institute
It is as follows to state technical scheme:
On the one hand, the embodiments of the invention provide one kind to change shell phase cray feed, is made up of the raw material of following weight parts:Minced fillet
50-100 parts, earthworm soil 20-35 parts, fermented cow dung 60-120 parts, Choline Chloride 0.5-3 parts, vinasse 50-150 parts, biphosphate
Calcium 30-60 parts, wheat bran 50-80 parts, fish meal 80-120 parts, dregs of beans 150-200 parts, rapeseed meal 150-200 parts, peanut dregses 50-90
Part, sorghum 50-90 parts, sweet potato powder 20-40 parts, herba houttuyniae powder 2-10 parts, more ore deposit 2-5 parts, dried silkworm chrysalis meal 20-40 parts, digested tankage 30-50
Part, blood meal 30-50 parts, rice bran 50-80 parts, multidimensional 5-20 parts, aspartic acid 10-30 parts, allicin 0.5-3 parts, pumpkin powder 5-
20 parts, adhesive 5-20 parts, phosphatide oil 20-35 and ferrous sulfate 10-25 parts.
Preferably, it is made up of the raw material of following weight parts:Minced fillet 70-85 parts, earthworm soil 25-30 parts, fermented cow dung 60-80
Part, Choline Chloride 1-2 parts, vinasse 80-120 parts, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 30-45 parts, wheat bran 60-75 parts, fish meal 100-120 parts, beans
Dregs of rice 170-200 parts, rapeseed meal 180-200 parts, peanut dregses 80-90 parts, sorghum 60-80 parts, sweet potato powder 20-30 parts, herba houttuyniae powder
5-10 parts, more ore deposit 2-5 parts, dried silkworm chrysalis meal 30-40 parts, digested tankage 45-50 parts, blood meal 40-50 parts, rice bran 50-60 parts, multidimensional 10-15
Part, aspartic acid 20-25 parts, allicin 2-2.5 parts, pumpkin powder 10-20 parts, adhesive 10-15 parts, phosphatide oil 20-30 and sulphur
The ferrous 10-20 parts of acid.
It is highly preferred that it is made up of the raw material of following weight parts:80 parts of minced fillet, 30 parts of earthworm soil, 75 parts of fermented cow dung, chlorination
2 parts of choline, 100 parts of vinasse, 40 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 60 parts of wheat bran, 120 parts of fish meal, 180 parts of dregs of beans, 200 parts of rapeseed meal, peanut
85 parts of grouts, 70 parts of sorghum, 25 parts of sweet potato powder, 10 parts of herba houttuyniae powder, 3.5 parts of more ore deposits, 40 parts of dried silkworm chrysalis meal, 50 parts of digested tankage, blood meal
45 parts, 50 parts of rice bran, 15 parts of multidimensional, 25 parts of aspartic acid, 2.5 parts of allicin, 15 parts of pumpkin powder, 12 parts of adhesive, phosphatide oil
25 and 18 parts of ferrous sulfate.
Wherein, multidimensional is fish multidimensional, it include vitamin A, vitamine D3, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B2,
Vitamin B6, biotin etc.;More ore deposits are the more ore deposits of fish;Adhesive is the adhesive of common fish feed.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the present invention additionally provides the foregoing preparation method for changing shell phase cray feed, this method bag
Include following steps:
(1) fish meal, dregs of beans, rapeseed meal, digested tankage, wheat bran, blood meal and rice bran are mixed by proportioning, then through ultramicro grinding, sieving
Obtain the premix of 120-160 purposes first;
(2) mixed after earthworm soil, fermented cow dung, vinasse, sorghum and peanut dregses being dried, crushed respectively by proportioning
Close, then the premix of 80-120 purposes second is obtained through ultramicro grinding, sieving;
(3) the second premix that the first premix for obtaining step (1), step (2) obtain, minced fillet, Choline Chloride, di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Hydrogen calcium, sweet potato powder, herba houttuyniae powder, more ore deposits, dried silkworm chrysalis meal, multidimensional, aspartic acid, allicin, pumpkin powder, adhesive, phosphatide oil and
Ferrous sulfate is mixed by proportioning;
(4) compound for obtaining step (3) carries out expanded granulation, and at 110-130 DEG C, moisture controls in 5-10% temperature control,
Strip is made in particle(According to the Oral strueture and size of cray), length 5-12mm, a diameter of 1-3mm.
Has sticking material by adding adhesive and part in the present embodiment(As earthworm soil, minced fillet, fermented cow dung and
Phosphatide oil etc.), and ensure that feed soaks 2 hours in water quality and will not loosely ensure that feed is not unrestrained by special preparation process
Take, ensure the good feed of cray additionally by control of material and shape size control.
Wherein, it is provided by the invention change shell phase cray feed main function mechanism be:
This feed has the function that necessarily to improve water quality, can promote that the algae of residue can be consumed in water body(Hidden algae and diatom)With it is floating
The growth of biology is swum, holding water body is pure and fresh, and dissolved oxygen is more than 6.5mg/L, and pH value 7.5-8.5, water transparency is in more than 37cm.
This feed nutrient is complete to effectively facilitate cray shelling, animal fodder and plant feed in the feed
It is reasonably combined, protein content be more than 35%, while can replenishing vitamins, mineral matter and other be advantageous to shelling with development battalion
Form point;Specifically, a large amount of nutrition for shelling and losing can be supplemented in the feed rich in calcium, phosphorus, iron and specific amino acids etc..
Cray lather, appetite in the shelling phase is relatively low, and contains substantial amounts of food calling composition in the feed(Such as fish raw meat
Grass, earthworm soil, sweet potato powder and allicin etc.), can guarantee that cray actively supplements the nutrients before shelling with a large amount of feeds after shelling
Composition.
Meanwhile the feed has certain sedation(Such as cordate houttuynia, pumpkin powder, vinasse), after reducing shelling, lobster
The infringement creeped to its soft body.
In addition, the feed can also promote the growth of pasture and water to a certain extent(Such as more ore deposits, fermented cow dung, biphosphate
Calcium etc.), under normal circumstances cray like shelling in shallow water or thick grass, once shelled successfully, software cray is bored immediately
Enter hidden in pasture and water, tortured or enemy kills and devour to prevent similar.I.e. in shelling, it is de- that sufficient pasture and water can both be used as lobster to provide
Shell place, protection can be provided for soft shell cray again.
Meanwhile also shell survival rate can be changed to improve with the use of other means in breeding process, such as increase feeding amount, carry
Before change water, interim increase pasture and water area coverage, reduce the means such as natural enemy.
The shell phase cray feed that changes of the present embodiment offer uses in the shelling phase, can improve the yield more than 10% of cray,
And the bigger red shell of head and blue or green shell cray are can obtain, and the accounting of blue or green shell cray is more, cray is more had competition
Power.
Embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, present invention work is further retouched in detail below
State.
Embodiment 1-7
The proportioning of each raw material is referring specifically to table 1 in the feed that embodiment 1-7 is provided:
Each example formulations of feed of the present invention of table 1
Embodiment one | Embodiment two | Embodiment three | Example IV | Embodiment five | Embodiment six | Embodiment seven | |
Minced fillet | 60 | 50 | 80 | 100 | 100 | 80 | 75 |
Earthworm soil | 35 | 30 | 30 | 25 | 25 | 20 | 25 |
Fermented cow dung | 100 | 120 | 75 | 75 | 60 | 60 | 80 |
Choline Chloride | 1 | 1.5 | 2 | 3 | 2.5 | 2 | 0.5 |
Vinasse | 60 | 80 | 100 | 150 | 120 | 100 | 75 |
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate | 45 | 50 | 40 | 30 | 50 | 60 | 40 |
Wheat bran | 60 | 75 | 60 | 50 | 60 | 80 | 70 |
Fish meal | 110 | 100 | 120 | 80 | 90 | 100 | 120 |
Dregs of beans | 160 | 180 | 180 | 200 | 150 | 150 | 200 |
Rapeseed meal | 180 | 180 | 200 | 190 | 180 | 200 | 200 |
Peanut dregses | 75 | 50 | 85 | 80 | 60 | 85 | 70 |
Sorghum | 75 | 60 | 70 | 70 | 50 | 50 | 80 |
Sweet potato powder | 20 | 25 | 25 | 30 | 40 | 35 | 30 |
Herba houttuyniae powder | 8 | 2 | 10 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 10 |
More ore deposits | 3 | 2 | 3.5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 3 |
Dried silkworm chrysalis meal | 30 | 30 | 40 | 25 | 20 | 40 | 35 |
Digested tankage | 50 | 35 | 50 | 30 | 45 | 40 | 40 |
Blood meal | 50 | 45 | 45 | 30 | 30 | 35 | 40 |
Rice bran | 75 | 60 | 50 | 70 | 80 | 50 | 60 |
Multidimensional | 20 | 10 | 15 | 10 | 5 | 20 | 15 |
Aspartic acid | 20 | 15 | 25 | 30 | 25 | 25 | 20 |
Big fitoncidin | 1 | 1 | 2.5 | 3 | 2 | 2.5 | 1.5 |
Pumpkin powder | 20 | 20 | 15 | 10 | 5 | 20 | 15 |
Adhesive | 6 | 10 | 12 | 16 | 15 | 20 | 18 |
Phosphatide oil | 25 | 20 | 25 | 35 | 30 | 25 | 35 |
Ferrous sulfate | 15 | 20 | 18 | 25 | 25 | 10 | 12 |
Wherein, the unit of each material is Kg in table 1.
Culture experiment 1
Cultivation place is:Hubei Province Huanggang City Lake Longgan(It is in the past farm, the intensive culture water surface is more than 1000 hectares), net cage breeding,
Pond culture, pond area 666-3000m2, slope is than 1:The 2-4, -1.0m of the depth of water 0.8, it is generally the case that pond shoal is planted
The water plants such as water surface 10-20% water peanut, hydrilla verticillata, bog pondweed, water hyacinth.
Feed occupation mode:Feed twice daily, 8:30-9:30 once, and 16:00-17:00 once, and feeding volume is pond
The 3%-5% of cray gross weight, Feeding time are 1-3 days before shelling(Conventional feed is gradually replaced to adapt to), 3-5 days after shelling
After stop, simple mode is that a small amount of cray starts after shelling 5-7 days, other times section routinely breeding way and using normal
Advise commercial diet(It is aided with pasture and water and meat).This experiment is contrasted using experimental group with control group, experimental group:The shelling phase uses
The present embodiment 2-6 feed, three repetitions at least use 2 kinds in embodiment 2-6;Control group:Two repetitions, shelling phase use
Commercially available cray feed(Animal husbandry Co., Ltd is thirsted in Hubei);Control group preferably raises mould with experimental group using locality
Formula, and control group and experimental group hydrologic regime are substantially similar.Experimental group is tracked:Mid-September, depart from the juvenile prawn of parent
Average length 1.00cm, counterpoise 0.04g;To by the end of November, average length 5.32cm, counterpoise 4.61g;Second Year July, average length
Up to 10.4cm, counterpoise 35.2g.The young shells 1-3 times, and juvenile prawn shells 5-10 times, and sexal maturity cray is typically in the long 8-11cm of body
Shelling is once, later annual to shell 1-2 times.
Feeding patterns is:7-9 months in 2015 launch male shrimp and female shrimp, sex ration 5:2, more than seed shrimp 40g, to juvenile prawn
2.5-3.0cm is transferred to pond culture, 200-300 tails/m by net cage2, early May starts to catch, and stops fishing at the bottom of July, preferably
Catch 30g(6 money)Above cray.Its result is as follows, and price comes from Wuhan Baishazhou fish market average price in 2016.
Table 2
Classification | Specification | Price | Experimental group yield | Control group yield |
Red shell shrimp | 3-5 money | 11 yuan/jin | 39Kg/ mus | 46Kg/ mus |
Red shell shrimp | 5-7 money | 16 yuan/jin | 53Kg/ mus | 52Kg/ mus |
Red shell shrimp | 7-9 money | 24 yuan/jin | 31Kg/ mus | 23Kg/ mus |
Red shell shrimp | More than one or two | 40 yuan/jin | 18Kg/ mus | 14Kg/ mus |
Blue or green shell shrimp | 3-5 money | 13 yuan/jin | 31Kg/ mus | 32Kg/ mus |
Blue or green shell shrimp | 5-7 money | 18 yuan/jin | 44Kg/ mus | 41Kg/ mus |
Blue or green shell shrimp | 7-9 money | 25 yuan/jin | 32Kg/ mus | 27Kg/ mus |
Blue or green shell shrimp | More than one or two | 42 yuan/jin | 19Kg/ mus | 15Kg/ mus |
From table 2 it can be seen that the yield of red shell shrimp is 141Kg/ mus in experimental group, the yield of blue or green shell shrimp is 126Kg/ mus, total yield
It is 5534 yuan/mu to measure as 267Kg/ mus, income;The yield of red shell shrimp is 135Kg/ mus in experimental group, and the yield of blue or green shell shrimp is
115Kg/ mus, total output are 250Kg/ mus, and income is 4844 yuan/mu.And experimental group than control group feed cost more than 200 yuan/
Mu or so, COMPREHENSIVE CALCULATING experimental group than control group income more than 490 yuan/mu, amplification is up to more than 10%;Carried simultaneously using the present invention
The blue or green shell shrimp accounting 47.2% that the feed of confession obtains, and control group is 46.0%;Use 7 money that feed provided by the invention obtains with
On cray accounting 37.5%, and control group be 31.6%, i.e., using the present invention forage feed cray(Change the shell phase)'s
Condition is more preferable, has higher competitiveness.
Cultivate embodiment 2
Using 20-40m2Little pond raising mode to food-intake, shelling the parameter such as survival rate and water quality check, other
With cultivation embodiment 1, the data of the cultivation embodiment are carried out using sampling observation estimation form, certain error be present.Take juvenile prawn
Shelling and is averaged at data for the first time for shelling and sexal maturity three times;Wherein, average feeding amount is the feed feelings according to cray
Condition is fed, and it is the weight ratio with cray(Daily), survival rate is the average value of survival rate twice, and water quality data is
Start to feed the numerical value after 5 days.
Table 3
Experimental group | Control group | |
Average feeding volume | 4.21% | 4.03% |
Survival rate | 93.30% | 89.70% |
Transparency | 40cm | 36cm |
Dissolved oxygen | 6.83mg/L | 6.16mg/L |
Phytoplankton | 24550000/L | 20390000/L |
Zooplankter | 37420000/L | 29340000/L |
Feeding volume, survival rate, transparency, dissolved oxygen, plant of swimming from table 3 it can be seen that experimental group for control group, is averaged
The numerical value such as thing and zooplankter is improved, and what the raising of above-mentioned numerical value not only can directly improve cray changes shell success rate, also
Contribute to the growth of pasture and water etc.(Whole growth period can improve the water surface coverage rate 3-5% of pasture and water), changing for cray is promoted indirectly
Shell survival rate.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not intended to limit the invention, it is all the present invention spirit and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., it should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (3)
1. one kind changes shell phase cray feed, it is characterised in that is made up of the raw material of following weight parts:Minced fillet 50-100 parts, earthworm
Earthworm soil 20-35 parts, fermented cow dung 60-120 parts, Choline Chloride 0.5-3 parts, vinasse 50-150 parts, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 30-60 parts,
Wheat bran 50-80 parts, fish meal 80-120 parts, dregs of beans 150-200 parts, rapeseed meal 150-200 parts, peanut dregses 50-90 parts, sorghum 50-
90 parts, sweet potato powder 20-40 parts, herba houttuyniae powder 2-10 parts, more ore deposit 2-5 parts, dried silkworm chrysalis meal 20-40 parts, digested tankage 30-50 parts, blood meal 30-
50 parts, rice bran 50-80 parts, multidimensional 5-20 parts, aspartic acid 10-30 parts, allicin 0.5-3 parts, pumpkin powder 5-20 parts, adhesive
5-20 parts, phosphatide oil 20-35 and ferrous sulfate 10-25 parts.
2. according to claim 1 change shell phase cray feed, it is characterised in that is made up of the raw material of following weight parts:
Minced fillet 70-85 parts, earthworm soil 25-30 parts, fermented cow dung 60-80 parts, Choline Chloride 1-2 parts, vinasse 80-120 parts, biphosphate
Calcium 30-45 parts, wheat bran 60-75 parts, fish meal 100-120 parts, dregs of beans 170-200 parts, rapeseed meal 180-200 parts, peanut dregses 80-90
Part, sorghum 60-80 parts, sweet potato powder 20-30 parts, herba houttuyniae powder 5-10 parts, more ore deposit 2-5 parts, dried silkworm chrysalis meal 30-40 parts, digested tankage 45-50
Part, blood meal 40-50 parts, rice bran 50-60 parts, multidimensional 10-15 parts, aspartic acid 20-25 parts, allicin 2-2.5 parts, pumpkin powder
10-20 parts, adhesive 10-15 parts, phosphatide oil 20-30 and ferrous sulfate 10-20 parts.
3. according to claim 1 change shell phase cray feed, it is characterised in that is made up of the raw material of following weight parts:
80 parts of minced fillet, 30 parts of earthworm soil, 75 parts of fermented cow dung, 2 parts of Choline Chloride, 100 parts of vinasse, 40 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, wheat bran 60
Part, 120 parts of fish meal, 180 parts of dregs of beans, 200 parts of rapeseed meal, 85 parts of peanut dregses, 70 parts of sorghum, 25 parts of sweet potato powder, herba houttuyniae powder 10
Part, 3.5 parts of more ore deposits, 40 parts of dried silkworm chrysalis meal, 50 parts of digested tankage, 45 parts of blood meal, 50 parts of rice bran, 15 parts of multidimensional, 25 parts of aspartic acid, garlic
18 parts of 2.5 parts of element, 15 parts of pumpkin powder, 12 parts of adhesive, phosphatide oil 25 and ferrous sulfate.
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CN109452499A (en) * | 2018-12-30 | 2019-03-12 | 盐城工学院 | A kind of cray feed |
CN109452498A (en) * | 2018-12-30 | 2019-03-12 | 盐城工学院 | A kind of feed promoting cray husking |
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