CN107337466A - 一种煤矸石陶粒及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种煤矸石陶粒及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
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- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 24
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical group O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
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Abstract
一种煤矸石陶粒及其制备方法，属于建筑材料的技术领域。该煤矸石陶粒由煤矸石粉、抛光石粉、粉煤灰、发泡剂、助剂和水玻璃溶液制得。该煤矸石陶粒的制备方法，包括以下步骤：(1)备料；(2)混料；(3)造球；(4)在450～550℃进行预烧，保温10～20min，再继续升温至1100～1250℃焙烧，保温30～60min后，随炉冷却至400～600℃，取出，自然冷却至室温，制得煤矸石陶粒。轻质煤矸石陶粒以煤矸石和废弃抛光石粉为主要成分，成本低。该轻质煤矸石陶粒可以提高现有煤矸石陶粒的筒压强度和吸水率等技术性能，具有质量轻的特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于建筑材料的技术领域，具体涉及一种煤矸石陶粒及其制备方法。
背景技术
煤矸石是煤炭开采过程中，伴随煤炭而生产的一种材料，这种材料在经过选煤后被淘汰的一种废料，这种废料开采后堆积在矿山周边，占据大片土地，并经过常年的风吹雨淋日晒破坏了周边的自然环境。为解决这些煤矸石造成环境资源的破坏，亟待解决煤矸石的利用问题。目前，很多科研工作者都在积极研究利用这些煤矸石，但多以煤矸石作为骨料替代混凝土中的石子，生产建筑用混凝土，也有利用煤矸石生产陶粒，但是，大多数都是把煤矸石直接进行烧结，生产出碎石型陶粒，或者生产强度较低的煤矸石陶粒，这些陶粒虽然均符合GB/T17431-2010《轻集料及其试验方法》的标准，但是用煤矸石生产高强陶粒是煤矸石利用的关键问题。这个问题亟待解决。
中国专利CN01141408.1公开了“一种煤矸石陶粒及其制备方法”，其中，采用75～85％煤矸石，掺入粘土、页岩、无烟煤粉，烧结制备陶粒。中国专利CN200610019343.8公开了“一种煤矸石陶粒的制备方法”，该煤矸石陶粒包括的原料组分及其重量百分比配比为：煤矸石30～95％，长石5～70％，石英0～5％，铁尾矿0～10％，烧结制备陶粒。本发明涉及到的陶粒，采用煤矸石粉和废抛光石粉为主要原料，掺入粉煤灰、发泡剂和助剂等物质。烧结制备的陶粒，在选材上采用了煤矸石和抛光石粉等工业废料，制备的陶粒，其堆积密度为510Kg/m3，筒压强度可达到6.31MPa，均优于前人成果。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有煤矸石陶粒生产技术存在的不足，提供一种煤矸石陶粒及其制备方法，该煤矸石陶粒以煤矸石和废弃抛光石粉为主要成分。该煤矸石陶粒可以提高现有煤矸石陶粒的筒压强度和吸水率等技术性能，具有质量较轻的特点。
本发明的一种煤矸石陶粒，由煤矸石粉、抛光石粉、粉煤灰、发泡剂、助剂和水玻璃溶液制得；
按质量比：煤矸石粉∶抛光石粉∶粉煤灰＝(1.8～2.2)∶(0.5～1)∶(0.5～1)；
按质量比，发泡剂∶煤矸石粉+抛光石粉+粉煤灰总质量＝(3～7)∶100；
按质量比，助剂∶煤矸石粉+抛光石粉+粉煤灰总质量＝(0.5～1)∶100；
按质量比，水玻璃溶液∶煤矸石粉+抛光石粉+粉煤灰总质量＝(6～7)∶100；
所述的煤矸石粉为，煤矸石经过破碎，用球磨机进行粉磨后过筛，制得煤矸石粉；
所述的煤矸石粉的粒径为0.10～0.16mm。
所述的抛光石粉，成分包括SiO2、Al2O3、MgO和CaO；其中，SiO2质量分数≥65％，Al2O3质量分数≥15％。
所述的发泡剂为碳酸钠。
所述的助剂为二氧化锰。
所述的水玻璃溶液，水玻璃的模数为2.6～3.0，水玻璃溶液的浓度为1～2％。
本发明的煤矸石陶粒，其堆积密度为510～650kg/m3，1d吸水率为5～7％，筒压强度为6.0～8.0MPa。
本发明的一种煤矸石陶粒的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)备料
将煤矸石粉磨，筛分，制得煤矸石粉；
(2)混料
按照配比，将煤矸石、抛光石粉、粉煤灰、发泡剂和助剂，混合均匀，制得混合粉料，向混合粉料中，加入水玻璃溶液，焖料，制得混合物料；
(3)造球
将混合物料进行造球，然后自然干燥，得到干燥的陶球；
(4)焙烧
将干燥的陶球，在450～550℃进行预烧，保温10～20min，再继续升温至1100～1250℃焙烧，保温30～60min后，随炉冷却至400～600℃，取出，自然冷却至室温，制得煤矸石陶粒。
所述步骤(1)中，所述的筛分为采用0.16mm筛子进行过筛；
所述步骤(2)中，所述的焖料为塑料薄膜覆盖混合物料，常温静止放置，放置时间根据混合物料的量决定，优选10～30min；
所述的焖料的目的在于，使得混合物料达到均匀润湿的状态；
所述步骤(3)中，所述的造球，采用手工成型或滚动成型；
所述的手工成型一般适用于实验室或小批量的生产，滚动成型一般适用于工业生产或大批量生产。
所述步骤(4)采用先低温预烧、保温后，在进行高温焙烧的方式，具有节能优点。
评价制备超轻煤矸石陶粒的工艺方法以堆积密度为主要评价指标，吸水率和筒压强度为辅助评价指标。
所述步骤(4)中，焙烧条件优选为500～550℃下预热10～15min，1100～1200℃恒温，恒温时间为30～45min。
本发明的一种煤矸石陶粒及其制备方法，相比于现有技术，具有如下优点：
1.本方法无需使用粘土和胶黏剂，煤矸石、抛光石粉、粉煤灰等工业废料，既节省大量土地，也可以降低成本。
2.本发明制备的煤矸石陶粒具有堆积密度低(510.78kg/m3)，质量轻，筒压强度高(6.31MPa)的优点。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
以下实施例中，煤矸石陶粒的测试标准按照GB/T17431-2010《轻集料及其试验方法》进行测试。
实施例1
一种煤矸石陶粒，由煤矸石粉、抛光石粉、粉煤灰、发泡剂碳酸钠、助剂二氧化锰和水玻璃溶液制得；按质量，煤矸石粉：5.0kg；抛光石粉：2.8kg；粉煤灰：2.8kg；碳酸钠：0.42kg；二氧化锰：0.11kg；水玻璃溶液：0.74kg；
煤矸石粉为，煤矸石经过破碎，用球磨机进行粉磨后过筛，制得粒径为0.10～0.16mm煤矸石粉；
抛光石粉，成分包括：SiO2、Al2O3、MgO和CaO；其中，SiO2质量分数为65％，Al2O3质量分数为15％。
水玻璃溶液，水玻璃的模数为2.6～3.0，水玻璃溶液的浓度为1％。
一种煤矸石陶粒的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)备料
将煤矸石粉磨，采用0.16mm筛子进行过筛，制得煤矸石粉；
(2)混料
按照配比，将煤矸石、抛光石粉、粉煤灰、发泡剂和助剂，混合均匀，制得混合粉料，向混合粉料中，加入水玻璃溶液，用塑料薄膜覆盖，常温静止放置10min，焖料，制得混合物料；
(3)造球
将混合物料进行造球，然后自然干燥，得到干燥的陶球；
(4)焙烧
将干燥的陶球，在500℃进行预烧，保温15min，再继续升温至1100℃焙烧，分别保温30min、45min、60min后，随炉冷却至400℃，取出，自然冷却至室温，制得煤矸石陶粒。
本实施例制备的煤矸石陶粒性能测试结果见表1。
实施例2
一种煤矸石陶粒，由煤矸石粉、抛光石粉、粉煤灰、发泡剂碳酸钠、助剂二氧化锰和水玻璃溶液制得；按质量，煤矸石粉：5.0kg；抛光石粉：2.5kg；粉煤灰：2.5kg；碳酸钠：0.4kg；二氧化锰：0.1kg；水玻璃溶液：0.6kg；
煤矸石粉为，煤矸石经过破碎，用球磨机进行粉磨后过筛，制得粒径为0.10～0.16mm煤矸石粉；
抛光石粉，成分包括：SiO2、Al2O3、MgO和CaO；其中，SiO2质量分数为67％，Al2O3质量分数为18％。
水玻璃溶液，水玻璃的模数为2.6～3.0，水玻璃溶液的浓度为2％。
一种煤矸石陶粒的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)备料
将煤矸石粉磨，采用0.16mm筛子进行过筛，制得煤矸石粉；
(2)混料
按照配比，将煤矸石、抛光石粉、粉煤灰、发泡剂和助剂，混合均匀，制得混合粉料，向混合粉料中，加入水玻璃溶液，用塑料薄膜覆盖，常温静止放置30min，焖料，制得混合物料；
(3)造球
将混合物料进行造球，然后自然干燥，得到干燥的陶球；
(4)焙烧
将干燥的陶球，在500℃进行预烧，保温15min，再继续升温至1100℃焙烧，分别保温30min、45min、60min后，随炉冷却至400℃，取出，自然冷却至室温，制得煤矸石陶粒。
本实施例制备的煤矸石陶粒性能测试结果见表1。
实施例3
一种煤矸石陶粒，由煤矸石粉、抛光石粉、粉煤灰、发泡剂碳酸钠、助剂二氧化锰和水玻璃溶液制得；按质量，煤矸石粉：5.0kg；抛光石粉：2.3kg；粉煤灰：2.3kg；碳酸钠：0.38kg；二氧化锰：0.96kg；水玻璃溶液：0.58kg；
煤矸石粉为，煤矸石经过破碎，用球磨机进行粉磨后过筛，制得粒径为0.10～0.16mm煤矸石粉；
抛光石粉，成分包括：SiO2、Al2O3、MgO和CaO；其中，SiO2质量分数为65％，Al2O3质量分数为15％。
水玻璃溶液，水玻璃的模数为2.6～3.0，水玻璃溶液的浓度为1％。
一种煤矸石陶粒的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)备料
将煤矸石粉磨，采用0.16mm筛子进行过筛，制得煤矸石粉；
(2)混料
按照配比，将煤矸石、抛光石粉、粉煤灰、发泡剂和助剂，混合均匀，制得混合粉料，向混合粉料中，加入水玻璃溶液，用塑料薄膜覆盖，常温静止放置10min，焖料，制得混合物料；
(3)造球
将混合物料进行造球，然后自然干燥，得到干燥的陶球；
(4)焙烧
将干燥的陶球，在500℃进行预烧，保温15min，再继续升温至1100℃焙烧，分别保温30min、45min、60min后，随炉冷却至400℃，取出，自然冷却至室温，制得煤矸石陶粒。
本实施例制备的煤矸石陶粒性能测试结果见表1。
实施例4
一种煤矸石陶粒，由煤矸石粉、抛光石粉、粉煤灰、发泡剂碳酸钠、助剂二氧化锰和水玻璃溶液制得；按质量，煤矸石粉：5.0kg；抛光石粉：1.25kg；粉煤灰：1.25kg；碳酸钠：0.25kg；二氧化锰：0.38kg；水玻璃溶液：0.45kg；
煤矸石粉为，煤矸石经过破碎，用球磨机进行粉磨后过筛，制得粒径为0.10～0.16mm煤矸石粉；
抛光石粉，成分包括：SiO2、Al2O3、MgO和CaO；其中，SiO2质量分数为65％，Al2O3质量分数为15％。
水玻璃溶液，水玻璃的模数为2.6～3.0，水玻璃溶液的浓度为1％。
一种煤矸石陶粒的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)备料
将煤矸石粉磨，采用0.16mm筛子进行过筛，制得煤矸石粉；
(2)混料
按照配比，将煤矸石、抛光石粉、粉煤灰、发泡剂和助剂，混合均匀，制得混合粉料，向混合粉料中，加入水玻璃溶液，用塑料薄膜覆盖，常温静止放置10min，焖料，制得混合物料；
(3)造球
将混合物料进行造球，然后自然干燥，得到干燥的陶球；
(4)焙烧
将干燥的陶球，在450℃进行预烧，保温20min，再继续升温至1250℃焙烧，保温30min后，随炉冷却至600℃，取出，自然冷却至室温，制得煤矸石陶粒。、
本实施例制备的煤矸石陶粒性能测试结果见表1。
实施例5
一种煤矸石陶粒，由煤矸石粉、抛光石粉、粉煤灰、发泡剂碳酸钠、助剂二氧化锰和水玻璃溶液制得；按质量，煤矸石粉：5.0kg；抛光石粉：2.5kg；粉煤灰：2.5kg；碳酸钠：0.7kg；二氧化锰：0.1kg；水玻璃溶液：0.7kg；
煤矸石粉为，煤矸石经过破碎，用球磨机进行粉磨后过筛，制得粒径为0.10～0.16mm煤矸石粉；
抛光石粉，成分包括：SiO2、Al2O3、MgO和CaO；其中，SiO2质量分数为68％，Al2O3质量分数为15％。
水玻璃溶液，水玻璃的模数为2.6～3.0，水玻璃溶液的浓度为2％。
一种煤矸石陶粒的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)备料
将煤矸石粉磨，采用0.16mm筛子进行过筛，制得煤矸石粉；
(2)混料
按照配比，将煤矸石、抛光石粉、粉煤灰、发泡剂和助剂，混合均匀，制得混合粉料，向混合粉料中，加入水玻璃溶液，用塑料薄膜覆盖，常温静止放置10min，焖料，制得混合物料；
(3)造球
将混合物料进行造球，然后自然干燥，得到干燥的陶球；
(4)焙烧
将干燥的陶球，在550℃进行预烧，保温10min，再继续升温至1200℃焙烧，保温30min后，随炉冷却至600℃，取出，自然冷却至室温，制得煤矸石陶粒。
本实施例制备的煤矸石陶粒性能测试结果见表1。
表1
Claims (10)
1.一种煤矸石陶粒，其特征在于，所述的煤矸石陶粒，由煤矸石粉、抛光石粉、粉煤灰、发泡剂、助剂和水玻璃溶液制得；
按质量比∶煤矸石粉∶抛光石粉∶粉煤灰＝(1.8～2.2)∶(0.5～1)∶(0.5～1)；
按质量比，发泡剂∶煤矸石粉+抛光石粉+粉煤灰总质量＝(3～7)∶100；
按质量比，助剂∶煤矸石粉+抛光石粉+粉煤灰总质量＝(0.5～1)∶100；
按质量比，水玻璃溶液∶煤矸石粉+抛光石粉+粉煤灰总质量＝(6～7)∶100；
所述的发泡剂为碳酸钠；所述的助剂为二氧化锰。
2.如权利要求1所述的煤矸石陶粒，其特征在于，所述的煤矸石粉的粒径为0.10～0.16mm。
3.如权利要求2所述的煤矸石陶粒，其特征在于，所述的粒径为0.10～0.16mm的煤矸石粉，由煤矸石经过破碎，用球磨机进行粉磨后过筛制得。
4.如权利要求1所述的煤矸石陶粒，其特征在于，所述的抛光石粉，成分包括SiO2、Al2O3、MgO和CaO；其中，SiO2质量分数≥65％，Al2O3质量分数≥15％。
5.如权利要求1所述的煤矸石陶粒，其特征在于，所述的水玻璃溶液，水玻璃的模数为2.6～3.0，水玻璃溶液的浓度为1～2％。
6.如权利要求1所述的煤矸石陶粒，其特征在于，所述的煤矸石陶粒的堆积密度为510～650kg/m3，1d吸水率为5～7％，筒压强度为6.0～8.0MPa。
7.权利要求1所述的煤矸石陶粒的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)备料
将煤矸石粉磨，筛分，制得煤矸石粉；
(2)混料
按照配比，将煤矸石、抛光石粉、粉煤灰、发泡剂和助剂，混合均匀，制得混合粉料，向混合粉料中，加入水玻璃溶液，焖料，制得混合物料；
(3)造球
将混合物料进行造球，然后自然干燥，得到干燥的陶球；
(4)焙烧
将干燥的陶球，在450～550℃进行预烧，保温10～20min，再继续升温至1100～1250℃焙烧，保温30～60min后，随炉冷却至400～600℃，取出，自然冷却至室温，制得煤矸石陶粒。
8.如权利要求7所述的煤矸石陶粒的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)中，所述的筛分为采用0.16mm筛子进行过筛。
9.如权利要求7所述的煤矸石陶粒的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(2)中，所述的焖料为常温，静止放置10～30min。
10.如权利要求7所述的煤矸石陶粒的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(4)中，焙烧条件为500～550℃下预热10～15min，1100～1200℃恒温，恒温时间为30～45min。
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