CN107319143A - 一种缓解奶牛热应激的饲料添加剂及其应用 - Google Patents

一种缓解奶牛热应激的饲料添加剂及其应用 Download PDF

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CN107319143A
CN107319143A CN201710570775.6A CN201710570775A CN107319143A CN 107319143 A CN107319143 A CN 107319143A CN 201710570775 A CN201710570775 A CN 201710570775A CN 107319143 A CN107319143 A CN 107319143A
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heat stress
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王争光
梁晶婕
王邵雨
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种缓解奶牛夏季热应激的饲料添加剂，属于动物饲料添加剂技术领域。所述添加剂包括粉末油脂、维生素C、茶多酚、金银花、鱼腥草、麦芽糊精，所述添加剂按照质量百分比为5％～12％的添加剂量添加到奶牛精饲料中，混合均匀，在夏季对奶牛进行全天饲喂。本发明提高了奶牛对高温气候的耐受性，增强抗氧化能力，有效缓解了奶牛的热应激，解决我国在夏季高温季节奶牛热应激造成干物质采食量下降、产后能量负平衡问题，提高热应激奶牛的产奶量和乳品品质，具有广阔的应用前景。

Description

一种缓解奶牛热应激的饲料添加剂及其应用
(一)技术领域
本发明涉及一种缓解奶牛热应激的饲料添加剂及其应用，属于动物饲料添加剂技术领域。
(二)背景技术
奶牛热应激是在炎热的夏季，奶牛受到超过本身体温调节能力的过高温度刺激时，作用于下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质***，所引起机体的非特异性防御反应和特异性障碍在内的一系列生理生化反应的总和。国内的奶牛品种多为中国荷斯坦牛，其显著特征是怕热耐寒，对夏季高温极其敏感，主要原因是其体型较大，单位体重的表面积小，体表被毛及体组织的保温性能好，汗腺不发达致使皮肤蒸发的散热量少。热应激可导致奶牛食欲减退，采食量下降，显著降低了奶牛干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、NDF、ADF及Ca和P的消化率。热应激时奶牛为了减少热量产生，通常会降低粗饲料的采食量；同时，呼吸加快，机体蛋白质、脂肪及糖类的分解代谢增强，合成代谢降低；并且在热应激条件下，肠胃中食物的通过率变慢，可反射性引起瘤胃活性和收缩力下降，使奶牛的反刍行为受到一定程度的抑制，降低了奶牛的反刍效率，瘤胃内环境发生改变，pH值升高，氨氮含量和总挥发性脂肪酸浓度降低，机体处于能量和氮代谢的负平衡状态，奶牛流向***的血液量减少，最终导致奶牛的机体营养摄入不足，产奶量降低。
热应激严重影响了公牛的繁殖机能，正常情况下，阴囊具有一定的热调节能力，睾丸可保持比体温低3～7℃的适宜温度。夏季高温、高湿的气候，会导致公牛散热不畅、体温升高，超出了睾丸自身的调节能力，引起阴囊皮温和睾丸温度上升，致使生殖上皮变性，使***的成熟和贮存、性腺激素分泌量及其成分发生变化，造成夏季不育公牛增多。热应激也是造成炎热夏季母牛繁殖性能降低的主要因素。导致促卵泡素和促黄体素分泌下降，孕酮和***水平降低，使发情时间缩短，性周期延长，***迟缓，滤泡发育不良以及卵泡形态异常。在热应激条件下，母牛暗发情增多，不利于受精卵发育和附植，胚胎死亡率增加，受胎率、妊娠率下降，导致奶牛***、流产。
综上所述，奶牛热应激已成为夏季导致奶牛养殖效益下降的主要因素，探索有效的控制热应激的技术措施是奶业发展的迫切需要。
(三)发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种缓解奶牛夏季热应激的饲料添加剂，可以有效防治和缓解奶牛热应激，提高奶牛食欲和采食量，改善热应激状态下奶牛的生产性能。
本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种缓解奶牛热应激的饲料添加剂，由质量含量如下的组分混合而成：
余量为麦芽糊精。
粉末油脂又称奶精、脂肪粉，是以精炼氢化植物油和多种食品辅料为原料，经调配、乳化、杀菌、喷雾干燥而成。
按上述配方计算并称取各组分原料用量(其中金银花和鱼腥草为干品粉末)，用生产预混料的搅拌机混合均匀就可以得到本发明的缓解奶牛热应激的饲料添加剂。
优选的，所述饲料添加剂质量组成如下：
余量为麦芽糊精。
更为优选的，所述饲料添加剂质量组成如下：
余量为麦芽糊精(48.3％)。
本发明的缓解奶牛热应激的饲料添加剂的有益效果主要体现在：
(1)显著缓解奶牛的热应激反应，日均产奶量提高9.1％，夏季奶牛的乳蛋白率提高4.3％，乳脂率提高2.6％。
(2)提高夏季奶牛的日采食量，提高饲料的消化吸收率。
(3)提高奶牛的抗氧化能力和抗病能力，改善奶牛热应激条件下的生理状态，降低乳腺炎发病率，提高奶牛繁殖率。
(4)材料来源容易，制备工艺简单，使用方便，经济成本较低，有利于在生产中推广利用。
(四)具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步描述，但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此：
实施例1：制备缓解奶牛热应激的饲料添加剂
准确称取原料粉末油脂(黑龙江省阳霖油脂集团)25kg(50％)、维生素C 75g(0.15％)、茶多酚175g(0.35％)、金银花350g(0.7％)、鱼腥草250g(0.5％)，用麦芽糊精补足至50kg。将上述原料用小型搅拌器搅拌均匀，使用时将制得的缓解奶牛热应激的饲料添加剂按照8％(w/w)的比例混入奶牛精料(成都市威莱特科技有限公司)中，用于饲喂奶牛。
实施例2：缓解奶牛热应激的饲料添加剂用于防治奶牛热应激
选取体重、年龄、胎次、产奶量相近且无***炎的荷斯坦奶牛50头，在热应激条件下进行试验，温度范围为32～40℃，相对湿度为72～79％(7月中旬～8月中旬，浙江金华地区)。50头奶牛分为两组，一组为对照组，饲喂常规日粮；另一组为试验组，饲喂含有本发明饲料添加剂的日粮。连续试验15天后，记录3天各组奶牛的日采食量和日产奶量，计算各组奶牛的平均日产奶量。各组采集的部分奶样用于牛奶成分的测定，同时用CMT法测定奶牛的隐形***炎发病情况。试验结果表明：与对照组相比，试验组日采食量提高12.4％，产奶量提高9.1％，乳蛋白率提高4.3％，乳脂率提高2.6％，***炎发病率降低13.7％。上述试验结果表明，在奶牛饲料中添加本发明的饲料添加剂，能够显著提高热应激奶牛的产奶量，提高牛奶的乳蛋白率和乳脂率，降低由热应激引发的奶牛***炎发病率，配制简单，价格较低，具有广阔的市场推广前景。

Claims (5)

1.一种缓解奶牛热应激的饲料添加剂，由质量含量如下的组分混合而成：
2.如权利要求1所述的饲料添加剂，其特征在于所述饲料添加剂质量组成如下：
3.如权利要求1所述的饲料添加剂，其特征在于所述饲料添加剂质量组成如下：
4.权利要求1～3之一所述的饲料添加剂在缓解奶牛热应激中的应用。
5.如权利要求4所述的应用，其特征在于所述饲料添加剂以5～12％的比例混入奶牛精料，用于饲喂奶牛。
CN201710570775.6A 2017-07-13 2017-07-13 一种缓解奶牛热应激的饲料添加剂及其应用 Pending CN107319143A (zh)

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Application publication date: 20171107