CN107313270A - 一种以仿古彩绘为基础的耐久固色绢画制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及文物保护领域,公开了一种以仿古彩绘为基础的耐久固色绢画制备方法,包括:A)生绢捶制;B)胶矾水配制;C)涂胶;D)印绘颜料溶液配制;E)向印绘颜料溶液中逐步加入氢氧化钙水溶液直至溶液pH值为中性或弱碱性;F)涂绘、涂胶;G)老化。本发明不但可以有效地模拟出古代绢画,为古代绢画文物老化研究和保护工作提供样品,对保护我国珍贵传统文化资源具有非常重要的现实意义,而且对此进行固色处理,使其更具有耐久牢固的特性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及文物保护领域,尤其涉及一种以仿古彩绘为基础的耐久固色绢画制备方法。
背景技术
中国丝织品起源于五千多年前的新石器时代,在纸张尚未产生的漫长岁月里, 丝织品一直是绘画的载体。其中古绢画在丝织品文物中属于研究价值较高的门类,绢画也叫帛画,所见实物如长沙出土的战国、西汉帛画帛书。但由于绢丝主要是由蚕丝组成,蚕丝纤维的属性决定了纺织品的“弱质、易损、难保存”,同时极其容易受到环境因素如潮湿、湿热、通风不良、动植物病害侵蚀的影响,此外作为绢主要组成的蚕丝,对光、酸、碱、盐等尤为敏感。而古代绢画的颜料则以矿质颜料、植物质颜料为主,绢画中颜料在潮湿条件下,会改变绢本该处的酸碱性,会加速绢画的老化进程。同时出土的绢画由于长期埋藏在地下,受到各种因素的作用,纤维已经发生不同程度的老化,出土后,光和其他各因素的作用,会加速其老化,最终使得丝织文物变得面目全非,有些甚至严重脆化、粉化,触之即成粉末,大量的致使绢画文物老化的因素的存在,给绢画的保护和研究带来了很大的困难。因此,对于绢画的保护迫在眉睫,对此现状,开展其老化现象的研究对其之后的保护意义重大。同时,古代绘画技法使得颜料在丝织物表面形成一层膜状物,这层膜状物可以隔绝绢和光、霉菌的接触,使得绢免受其破坏,减缓了绢画的老化进程。
由于出土的绢画文物数量稀少且作为中华民族历代文明史的珍贵实物见证十分珍贵,不能轻易用于文物保护研究工作,因此有效模拟出古代绢画来研究其老化机理及其保护对古代绢画文物保护具有极其重要的作用。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种以仿古彩绘为基础的耐久固色绢画制备方法。本发明方法中均采用天然或者古代使用的原材料,能够更为准确地模拟古代绢画文物的制备。
本发明的具体技术方案为:一种以仿古彩绘为基础的耐久固色绢画制备方法,包括以下步骤:
A)生绢捶制:对白色生绢用浓度小于15wt%的酒精溶液洗净,自然风干,然后捶打8~12分钟。
用乙醇能够清洗生绢坯布中的硅油,乙醇水溶液切忌浓度过高,以免在清洗过程中对蚕丝纤维中的蛋白质造成损伤。将蚕丝纤维捶制扁平状,肉眼可以观察到相比捶制前,布料缝隙变小,但不能使纤维断裂,处理后织物紧密型更好利于上染时固色。
B)胶矾水配制:按照质量比2~4:1~2:100~200分别量取明胶、明矾和去离子水,然后将明胶与水混合,并搅拌至水分完全浸入胶中,完全膨胀后置于在65-75℃的水浴中进行加热搅拌,加热结束后,明胶完全融化,待溶液冷却至50℃以下,将明矾添加至溶液中,搅拌至明矾完全溶解,制得胶矾水,然后置于25-35℃的水浴中保温备用。
C)涂胶:将捶制好的生绢用画框固定,对生绢进行喷水处理,将胶矾水均匀刷涂于生绢布料上,刷涂完一面后,待布料微干后刷涂第二面,两面涂刷完毕后,将布料置于通风处自然风干,制得熟绢。
喷水采用喷壶喷水,喷水过程中要保证喷壶中喷出的水呈雾状且喷水的量不可过多。对生绢进行胶矾水涂刷后,更容易上色。
D)印绘颜料溶液配制:按1.5-2.5:1的质量比将矿物性颜料和凹凸棒土混合并进行振荡,随后静置5-7小时,得到颜料混合物;然后按1:5-7的质量比将鱼鳔变性提取物添加至水中,充分搅拌,然后添加颜料混合物,置于65-75℃水浴中保温,备用。
本发明使用凹凸棒土与颜料混合,优势在于凹凸棒石制备的杂化颜料较其他黏土矿物而言稳定性突出。鱼鳔提取物的主要成分为胶原蛋白,其粘性非常大,非常适合用于制备天然颜料粘合剂。该粘合剂来源于天然产物,与有机合成胶粘剂相比,不含甲醛,安全无毒害,能够更为准确地模拟古代绢画文物。
E)向印绘颜料溶液中逐步加入氢氧化钙水溶液直至溶液pH值为中性或弱碱性。
本发明利用氢氧化钙水溶液调节pH至中性,优势在于这样使颜料具有优良的耐久固色性。
F)将调制好的印绘颜料溶液涂绘于熟绢上,直至涂绘区域颜料基本均匀为止,自然风干;然后用胶矾水对着色后的熟绢进行刷涂,相同位置刷涂一次,不进行重复刷涂,完成后自然风干,制得绢画。
在涂绘时,切忌出现未溶的颜料小颗粒。
由于古代熟绢画的老化是绢、胶矾以及环境等综合作用的结果,因而必须对模拟绢画进行施胶矾处理,同时在此模拟的基础上对其进行耐久固色处理,让颜色更加牢固和长久。
G)将涂绘后的绢画,放入紫外湿老化综合试验箱中进行老化,设置湿度为75-85%,温度为40-50℃;老化期间,绢画需每天翻面一次,老化时间为3-4周。
作为优选,步骤D)中,所述矿物性颜料为赭石、石绿、石黄、靛蓝。
作为优选,步骤D)中,所述鱼鳔变性提取物的制备方法如下:取新鲜鱼鳔洗净,将其浸没于水中高压蒸煮1-2h,取出去除水分,置于容器中搅拌0.5-1.5h,然后将其添加至浓度为0.05-0.15wt%的碱性蛋白酶水溶液中进行酶解,酶解后在110-130℃下灭酶,过滤,浓缩、干燥后制得鱼鳔提取物,最后将鱼鳔提取物在丙酮溶液中浸泡0.5-1.5h,取出干燥后制得鱼鳔变性提取物。
本发明采用热水提取以及酶解法提取鱼鳔中的胶原蛋白,上述特殊方法制得的鱼鳔提取物粘性特别好。为了进一步提高蛋白的黏性,灭酶时采用高温,使蛋白质变性,然后再浸泡于丙酮中,进一步提高蛋白的黏性。
作为优选,溶液pH为7.5-9,酶解温度为30-40℃,酶解时间为2-4h。
为了进一步提高蛋白的黏性,在酶解时特意采用碱性环境,使蛋白质变性,提高其黏性。
作为优选,步骤E)中,溶液pH调节至7-8.5。
与现有技术对比,本发明的有益效果是:
1、通过本发明可以大致地模拟出用矿物质颜料绘古代绢画,为古代绢画文物老化研究和保护工作提供样品,对保护我国珍贵传统文化资源具有非常重要的现实意义。
2、通过本发明制备出的绢画含有的化学及物理成分与古代绢画基本一致,通过对其进行劣化研究可以有效地探讨出古代绢画的劣化机理,在此基础上进行老化研究可以得到更为准确的结果,对古代文物保护具有重要的意义。
3、通过本发明研制出在用在矿物质颜料绘古代绢画上的耐久固色方法,对于今后彩绘绢画的耐久固色提供了一个好的方法。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的描述。
实施例1
一种以仿古彩绘为基础的耐久固色绢画制备方法,包括以下步骤:
A)生绢捶制:对白色生绢用浓度10wt%的酒精溶液洗净,自然风干,然后捶打10分钟。
B)胶矾水配制:按照质量比3:1.5:150分别量取明胶、明矾和去离子水,然后将明胶与水混合,并搅拌至水分完全浸入胶中,完全膨胀后置于在70℃的水浴中进行加热搅拌,加热结束后,明胶完全融化,待溶液冷却至50℃以下,将明矾添加至溶液中,搅拌至明矾完全溶解,制得胶矾水,然后置于30℃的水浴中保温备用。
C)涂胶:将捶制好的生绢用画框固定,对生绢进行喷水处理,将胶矾水均匀刷涂于生绢布料上,刷涂完一面后,待布料微干后刷涂第二面,两面涂刷完毕后,将布料置于通风处自然风干,制得熟绢。
D)印绘颜料溶液配制:按2:1的质量比将矿物性颜料(赭石)和凹凸棒土混合并进行振荡,随后静置6小时,得到颜料混合物;然后按1:6的质量比将鱼鳔变性提取物添加至水中,充分搅拌,然后添加颜料混合物,置于70℃水浴中保温,备用。
所述鱼鳔变性提取物的制备方法如下:取新鲜鱼鳔洗净,将其浸没于水中高压蒸煮1.5h,取出去除水分,置于容器中搅拌1h,然后将其添加至浓度为0.1wt%的碱性蛋白酶水溶液中进行酶解,溶液pH为8,酶解温度为35℃,酶解时间为3h。酶解后在120℃下灭酶,过滤,浓缩、干燥后制得鱼鳔提取物,最后将鱼鳔提取物在丙酮溶液中浸泡1h,取出干燥后制得鱼鳔变性提取物。
E)向印绘颜料溶液中逐步加入氢氧化钙水溶液直至溶液pH值为7.5。
F)将调制好的印绘颜料溶液涂绘于熟绢上,直至涂绘区域颜料基本均匀为止,自然风干;然后用胶矾水对着色后的熟绢进行刷涂,相同位置刷涂一次,不进行重复刷涂,完成后自然风干,制得绢画。
G)将涂绘后的绢画,放入紫外湿老化综合试验箱中进行老化,设置湿度为80%,温度为45℃;老化期间,绢画需每天翻面一次,老化时间为25天。
实施例2
一种以仿古彩绘为基础的耐久固色绢画制备方法,包括以下步骤:
A)生绢捶制:对白色生绢用浓度12wt%的酒精溶液洗净,自然风干,然后捶打8分钟。
B)胶矾水配制:按照质量比2:1:100分别量取明胶、明矾和去离子水,然后将明胶与水混合,并搅拌至水分完全浸入胶中,完全膨胀后置于在65℃的水浴中进行加热搅拌,加热结束后,明胶完全融化,待溶液冷却至50℃以下,将明矾添加至溶液中,搅拌至明矾完全溶解,制得胶矾水,然后置于25℃的水浴中保温备用。
C)涂胶:将捶制好的生绢用画框固定,对生绢进行喷水处理,将胶矾水均匀刷涂于生绢布料上,刷涂完一面后,待布料微干后刷涂第二面,两面涂刷完毕后,将布料置于通风处自然风干,制得熟绢。
D)印绘颜料溶液配制:按1.5:1的质量比将矿物性颜料(石绿)和凹凸棒土混合并进行振荡,随后静置5小时,得到颜料混合物;然后按1:5的质量比将鱼鳔变性提取物添加至水中,充分搅拌,然后添加颜料混合物,置于65℃水浴中保温,备用。
所述鱼鳔变性提取物的制备方法如下:取新鲜鱼鳔洗净,将其浸没于水中高压蒸煮1h,取出去除水分,置于容器中搅拌0.5h,然后将其添加至浓度为0.05wt%的碱性蛋白酶水溶液中进行酶解,溶液pH为7.5,酶解温度为30℃,酶解时间为4h。酶解后在110℃下灭酶,过滤,浓缩、干燥后制得鱼鳔提取物,最后将鱼鳔提取物在丙酮溶液中浸泡0.5h,取出干燥后制得鱼鳔变性提取物。
E)向印绘颜料溶液中逐步加入氢氧化钙水溶液直至溶液pH值为7。
F)将调制好的印绘颜料溶液涂绘于熟绢上,直至涂绘区域颜料基本均匀为止,自然风干;然后用胶矾水对着色后的熟绢进行刷涂,相同位置刷涂一次,不进行重复刷涂,完成后自然风干,制得绢画。
G)将涂绘后的绢画,放入紫外湿老化综合试验箱中进行老化,设置湿度为75%,温度为40℃;老化期间,绢画需每天翻面一次,老化时间为3周。
实施例3
一种以仿古彩绘为基础的耐久固色绢画制备方法,包括以下步骤:
A)生绢捶制:对白色生绢用浓度14wt%的酒精溶液洗净,自然风干,然后捶打12分钟。
B)胶矾水配制:按照质量比4:2:200分别量取明胶、明矾和去离子水,然后将明胶与水混合,并搅拌至水分完全浸入胶中,完全膨胀后置于在75℃的水浴中进行加热搅拌,加热结束后,明胶完全融化,待溶液冷却至50℃以下,将明矾添加至溶液中,搅拌至明矾完全溶解,制得胶矾水,然后置于35℃的水浴中保温备用。
C)涂胶:将捶制好的生绢用画框固定,对生绢进行喷水处理,将胶矾水均匀刷涂于生绢布料上,刷涂完一面后,待布料微干后刷涂第二面,两面涂刷完毕后,将布料置于通风处自然风干,制得熟绢。
D)印绘颜料溶液配制:按2.5:1的质量比将矿物性颜料(石黄、靛蓝)和凹凸棒土混合并进行振荡,随后静置7小时,得到颜料混合物;然后按1:7的质量比将鱼鳔变性提取物添加至水中,充分搅拌,然后添加颜料混合物,置于75℃水浴中保温,备用。
所述鱼鳔变性提取物的制备方法如下:取新鲜鱼鳔洗净,将其浸没于水中高压蒸煮2h,取出去除水分,置于容器中搅拌1.5h,然后将其添加至浓度为0.15wt%的碱性蛋白酶水溶液中进行酶解,溶液pH为9,酶解温度为40℃,酶解时间为4h。酶解后在130℃下灭酶,过滤,浓缩、干燥后制得鱼鳔提取物,最后将鱼鳔提取物在丙酮溶液中浸泡1.5h,取出干燥后制得鱼鳔变性提取物。
E)向印绘颜料溶液中逐步加入氢氧化钙水溶液直至溶液pH值为8.5。
F)将调制好的印绘颜料溶液涂绘于熟绢上,直至涂绘区域颜料基本均匀为止,自然风干;然后用胶矾水对着色后的熟绢进行刷涂,相同位置刷涂一次,不进行重复刷涂,完成后自然风干,制得绢画。
G)将涂绘后的绢画,放入紫外湿老化综合试验箱中进行老化,设置湿度为85%,温度为50℃;老化期间,绢画需每天翻面一次,老化时间为4周。
本发明中所用原料、设备,若无特别说明,均为本领域的常用原料、设备;本发明中所用方法,若无特别说明,均为本领域的常规方法。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例,并非对本发明作任何限制,凡是根据本发明技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、变更以及等效变换,均仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种以仿古彩绘为基础的耐久固色绢画制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
A)生绢捶制:对白色生绢用浓度小于15wt%的酒精溶液洗净,自然风干,然后捶打8~12分钟;
B)胶矾水配制:按照质量比2~4:1~2:100~200分别量取明胶、明矾和去离子水,然后将明胶与水混合,并搅拌至水分完全浸入胶中,完全膨胀后置于在65-75℃的水浴中进行加热搅拌,加热结束后,明胶完全融化,待溶液冷却至50℃以下,将明矾添加至溶液中,搅拌至明矾完全溶解,制得胶矾水,然后置于25-35℃的水浴中保温备用;
C)涂胶:将捶制好的生绢用画框固定,对生绢进行喷水处理,将胶矾水均匀刷涂于生绢布料上,刷涂完一面后,待布料微干后刷涂第二面,两面涂刷完毕后,将布料置于通风处自然风干,制得熟绢;
D)印绘颜料溶液配制:按1.5-2.5:1的质量比将矿物性颜料和凹凸棒土混合并进行振荡,随后静置5-7小时,得到颜料混合物;然后按1:5-7的质量比将鱼鳔变性提取物添加至水中,充分搅拌,然后添加颜料混合物,置于65-75℃水浴中保温,备用;
E)向印绘颜料溶液中逐步加入氢氧化钙水溶液直至溶液pH值为中性或弱碱性;
F)将调制好的印绘颜料溶液涂绘于熟绢上,直至涂绘区域颜料基本均匀为止,自然风干;然后用胶矾水对着色后的熟绢进行刷涂,相同位置刷涂一次,不进行重复刷涂,完成后自然风干,制得绢画;
G)将涂绘后的绢画,放入紫外湿老化综合试验箱中进行老化,设置湿度为75-85%,温度为40-50℃;老化期间,绢画需每天翻面一次,老化时间为3-4周。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种以仿古彩绘为基础的耐久固色绢画制备方法,其特征在于,步骤D)中,所述矿物性颜料为赭石、石绿、石黄、靛蓝。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的一种以仿古彩绘为基础的耐久固色绢画制备方法,其特征在于,步骤D)中,所述鱼鳔变性提取物的制备方法如下:取新鲜鱼鳔洗净,将其浸没于水中高压蒸煮1-2h,取出去除水分,置于容器中搅拌0.5-1.5h,然后将其添加至浓度为0.05-0.15wt%的碱性蛋白酶水溶液中进行酶解,酶解后在110-130℃下灭酶,过滤,浓缩、干燥后制得鱼鳔提取物,最后将鱼鳔提取物在丙酮溶液中浸泡0.5-1.5h,取出干燥后制得鱼鳔变性提取物。
4.如权利要求3所述的一种以仿古彩绘为基础的耐久固色绢画制备方法,其特征在于,溶液pH为7.5-9,酶解温度为30-40℃,酶解时间为2-4h。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种以仿古彩绘为基础的耐久固色绢画制备方法,其特征在于,步骤E)中,溶液pH调节至7-8.5。
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