CN1072887C - Seed producing technique for hybridization breeding resistance and high-yielding maize hybrid - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a seed production technology for corn hybrids of stress resistance and high yield, which belongs to the field of heterosis utilization. The present invention is characterized in that a self-breeding line 7239 or self-breeding consanguineous sister line 7239-1*7239-2 sibling species can be used as female parents; a self-breeding line 7331 can be used as male parents, and the hybrids can be prepared to single 16 number. The filial generation has the advantages of high yield, stress resistance and broad-spectrum adaptability.

Description

A kind of production method of corn hybrid seed

The invention belongs to the heterosis utilization field.

Utilize hybrid vigour to improve corn yield, become the main goal of attack of current corn breeding scientific research both at home and abroad, the main well stimulation of development Maize Production.After the sixties, single cross hybrid replaces double cross hybrid, and the double action that the replacing of crossbreed type and hybrid combination are upgraded increases substantially the corn per unit area yield.Single cross hybrid regularity height, advantage are big, production of hybrid seeds program is simple.But also there are two problems in single cross hybrid, the one, and narrow relatively because of hereditary basis, the resistance and the adaptability of considerable part single cross hybrid are limited to, and are difficult to adapt to the special unfavorable natural conditions in area, as the drought resistance of southwestern hills dry farmland of mountain area corn; The 2nd, because of the parental inbred line vitality a little less than, general hybrid seed yield is on the low side, production cost is higher.The present invention breaks through existing hybrid vigour pattern, excavates good local germplasm, and seed selection is degeneration-resistant, high-combining ability inbred line and younger sister system, utilizes younger sister to plant seeding technique, breeds the application on producing of the adaptive high-yield hybrid kind of tool wide spectrum.Introduce respectively below that domestic and international corn is degeneration-resistant, the present situation of high-yield hybrid kind and seed production technique:

(1) degeneration-resistant, high-yield hybrid kind of external corn and the improved research of seed production technique: the modern Commercial corn hybrid seed is based on single cross hybrid between inbred line, strong advantage crossbreed is from complementary relatively hybrid vigour group, as the Rui De * Lancaster hybrid vigour pattern of the U.S., comment according to Ha Luowei, the problem that exists in the current American corn breeding is that germplasm origin is narrow, used most germplasms include only the blood lineage of 5 systems, a kind of what is called " bottleneck " phenomenon occurs.In order to overcome this phenomenon, improve colony on the one hand, recurrent selection improves constantly favourable allelic frequency in the colony, excavates the genetic potential of the germplasm that utilizes in the existing breeding; Then be the new germplasm of exploitation on the other hand, as the eighties in to the Caribbean germplasm utilization research that is considered to " one of corn breeding resource of most worthy in the world ", (Lancaster accounts for 1/2 to ohs9, the Caribbean blood relationship accounts for 1/2), (auspicious German system accounts for 1/2 to ohs10, the Caribbean blood relationship accounts for 1/2), obtain better improved effect, CIMMYT is under the degeneration-resistant plan of United Nations Development Programme, coordinate to form international drought tolerant corn breeding net, synthesize DTP1 and two drought-enduring colonies of DTP2 the beginning of the nineties, and this network 1992-1994 shows that in 19 experimental tests results of 14 countries DTP1C5 is that stable high yield is drought-enduring.From deriving of producing of degeneration-resistant colony is to be easy to increase the probability that obtains degeneration-resistant crossbreed, but still is in degeneration-resistant germplasm colony validation phase at present.

Since double cross hybrid was substituted by single cross hybrid, external corn seed scientific research was improving on the seed production technique, the L.OCopland knot that is situated between: " single cross hybrid is because close friendship parent seeding, and its main unfavorable conditions is that seed production and quality are lower.In seed was produced, in order to overcome these unfavorable factors, some single cross hybrid were improvement single crosses ".In the kind subdirectory that the 80-90 of the US Basic Application Number seeds company age sells, younger sister's kind of significant proportion is arranged all according to the retrieval.Yet when further the retrieval younger sister plants and improve single cross development technology, inform to be subjected to " PVR " (plant variety right) and " UPOV " (breeding plant protection alliance) protection, do not obtain data.

(2) degeneration-resistant, high-yield hybrid kind of domestic corn and the improved research of seed production technique: professor Li Jingxiong sums up China's corn breeding research practice, brilliantly points out: " difficult in choosing system, as to focus on assembly ".Summarize China's corn hybrid seed development course, widely popularize single cross hybrid the beginning of the seventies, along with the single cross hybrid enlarged areas, the corn per unit area yield significantly improves, and development speed occupies world's antecedent.Since the end of the eighties, comparatively narrow because of the parental inbred line hereditary basis, the high-combining ability inbred line of breeding is few, and it is difficult that assembly goes out breakthrough strong excellent combination, influenced by this, and pacing up and down has appearred in the corn per unit area yield.According to researchs such as Wang Yibo, the corn germplasm of China main producing region is divided into Rui De, Siping City's head, the red bone in Luda, Lancaster, golden queen, Baima, Huojia County tooth and other seven big monoid.Wu Jingfeng proposes present China corn hybrid seed: the pattern of Siping City's head * Lancaster, the red bone in Lancaster * Luda, Rui De * Siping City's head, the red bone in Luda * auspicious moral four big monoids.The proposition of hybrid vigour pattern is the raising and the summary of corn breeding practice, is the reflection of corn breeding basic principle.

Sichuan and southwestern corn planting zone be domestic corn climate type complicated and changeable, the many producing regions of lean calamity, should select wide adaptability, inbred line that coordinate force is high, assembly goes out, and strong advantage elite hybrid degeneration-resistant, high yield is applied to vast corn producing region.Therefore, consider existing hybrid vigour pattern, and be not limited to existing pattern, create new pattern; The second cycle line of seed selection in the external crossbreed, most plant types are good, and disease resistance is strong, excellent genes frequency height in the hereditary basis, but combine Lancaster and Rui De blood relationship more, on the additive effect basis, be difficult to assembly and provide epistasis and the strong advantage combination of dominant effect; To the distinctive local germ plasm resource of China's (mainly being the southwest) evaluation and screening again, synthesize and improve the excellent genes frequency of local germplasm, make full use of its excellent proterties, with external breeding hybridized second cycle line, form new hybrid vigour pattern, breed breakthrough degeneration-resistant, the strong advantage combination of high yield.Based on above-mentioned breeding system, local germplasm of seed selection of the present invention is main inbred line, the self-fertile second cycle line of an external crossbreed is formed the new hybrid vigour pattern of external germplasm line * local germplasm line, and the strong advantage elite hybrid of breeding tool wide spectrum adaptability, high yield becomes single No. 16.

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of high yield, degeneration-resistant strong advantage corn hybrid seed.

A kind of method of hybrid maize seed production, comprise and adopt two inbred lines to hybridize, (7239-1 * 7239-2), the inbred line of male parent is selected the selfing 7 generations (7331) of (short wide by 10 * interior 6-2) * (oh43 * 705) for use to it is characterized in that maternal inbred line selecting the selfing 7 generations (7239) of american corn crossbreed 78607 or younger sister's kind in 3 generations of this crossbreed selfing for use.

The present invention has realized that wide spectrum adaptability combines with strong advantage high yield, improved the heterosis utilization level, and worked out a whole set of aspect parental inbred line close relative decline, the vitality reduction and effectively be suitable for and can stablize raising hybrid seed yield, the corn seed production technology that reduces production costs overcoming.Its crossbreed relatively mainly contains following outstanding advantage with the existing kind of promoting mainly:

1. yielding ability is outstanding: the examination of provinces and regions, 1994-1995 Sichuan and over one hundred inside and outside the province place production test in 1996 and large tracts of land production demonstration plant result, become single No. 16 442.9 kilograms of average yield per mus in nineteen ninety-five provinces and regions examinations (ripe group of Ping Qiuzhong), comparison is according to agricultural university's 65 volume increase 14.95%, taking the first place.1994-1995 tries 432.9 kilograms of totally 34 average yield per mus in 2 years provinces and regions, and comparison has a net increase of 49.8 kilograms/mu for 383.1 kilograms according to agricultural university's 65 average yield per mus, and volume increase 13% ranks two annual provinces and regions and tries first places, by the examination of provincial district.112 production tests and large tracts of land were produced demonstration inside and outside the province according to 1996, received the acceptance certificate that counties and cities bureau of agriculture, seeds company provide so far, 46 become 421.59 kilograms of single No. 16 average yield per mus, than 365.63 kilograms of volume increase 15.31% of adjacent contrast average yield per mu.

2. yield stability is good: become single No. 16 1993 10 comparative test results, 8 increase 2 flat, in the volume increase point 5 reach extremely significantly, significance level.31 volume increase in 34 times are tried in the 1994-1995 provinces and regions, 3 inferior showing no increases in output, and increasing production point has 19 point poles remarkable, and 4 are significantly.More than 3 years under the ecological cultivation condition result of the test show that becoming single 16 inheritance is a crossbreed with high stability doing mutually with environment, is afford to stand the wide spectrum adaptability crossbreed that measurable and unpredictable environmental modification is checked.

3. anti-(anti-) contrary property is strong: become the contrary property of single 16 anti-(anti-) mainly to show disease-resistant, anti-to fall, drought-enduring.According to 2 years provinces and regions test results of the 1994-1995 of Sichuan Province: high resistance to bacterial wilt, short mosaic disease, head smut, in anti-banded sclerotial blight, northern and southern leaf blight, promptly anti-Sichuan and southwestern corn main producing region be main disease more than three kinds.Well developed root system and aerial root are many, none pilot lodging, and lodging resistance is good.In the examination of 2 years provinces and regions of the 1994-1995 of Sichuan Province, suffered once between breeding time that moderate is above does not have having 12 times that drought coerces, and became single No. 16 performance leaf rolls light, the blade PI is big, and nothing is burnt, loose powder with weave silk short at interval, drought-enduring proterties such as fecundity is good, and bald sharp degree is little.421.3 kilograms of single No. 16 average yield per mus of 12 one-tenth that statistics is suffered from drought contrast 352.4 kilograms of volume increase 19.55% of agricultural university's 65 average yield per mus.

4. grain quality is excellent: become single No. 16 seed true yellows, middle hard partially, endosperm cutin starch is many, the unit weight height, and food mouthful property is better, and is excellent as feed quality; The seed dehydration is fast, is easy to storage, and it is less to damage by worms.

5. easy crossbreeding: become single No. 16 production of hybrid seeds, father, female parent are broadcast the same period, and male parent is than the high 35-40 of maternal plant centimetre, and pollen amount is big, seed farm 6: 1 (maternal 6 go, male parent 1 row), alternate plantation, ripening rate height.Breed maternal younger sister and plant 7239-1 * 7239-2, broadcast the same period, and row was than alternate plantation in 4: 1, and is solid good.Crossbreeding need not transferred and broadcast, paternal pollen amount foot, and high slightly than female parent, spontaneous pollination is solid good.

6. be fit to existing cultivation level: become single No. 16 narrower and upper punches of upper blade, the middle and lower part blade is open and flat to be desirable " pagoda shape ", suitable planting density 3200-3400 strain is produced mu and is planted about 3000 strains on the basis in present corn land for growing field crops, Sichuan, only need slightly increase planting density and get final product; Performance little, solid good, the stable yield of bald point of position, different cultivation contour cultivations on the same stage not in production test; In the different sowing dates production test, spring sowing, the easy high yield of non-irrigated summer sowing, the summer sowing seedling raising and transplanting is controlled at three leaves and wholeheartedly plants, equally also can high yield.Note saving from damage seedling in cultivation, send out short morning, opens up the heavy dressing of leaf 10-11 leaf entirely and attack ear manuer, gathers in the crops behind the wax ripeness.

Fig. 1 becomes the production of hybrid seeds programme diagram of single No. 16 parents for inbred line;

Fig. 2 is the crossbreeding programme diagram that becomes single No. 16 female parents to plant for younger sister.

Introduce the present invention below in detail:

1.7239 and the source and the characteristic characteristic of younger sister system:

Source: on the basis that 21 parts of U.S.'s crossbreed adaptability, yielding ability and coordinate force are identified, from 78607, selected the excellent continuous selfing three generations that involves in a criminal case, and isolated 7239-1 in 1987,-2, Deng, continue selfing to seven generation more respectively, cultivate through output approval test and combining ability test test and form.

Feature: ripe in 7239, solids type, the seedling growing way is stronger, and the leaf look just green, becomes strain blade width moderate, bottle green, plant and leaf shape is better, the plant type compactness, about 160 centimetres of plant heights, the fringe position is high about 60 centimetres, and tassel branch 3-6, female Honoka silk amount is many.7239-1 sterile lemma greenbelt purple, flower pesticide purple, filigree purple; 7239-2 tree characteristics is with the 7239-1 plant and leaf shape, and color and luster etc. are similar substantially, sterile lemma green only, and the flower pesticide yellow, filigree is all aubergine.Fruit ear tubular, fringe point have the male small ear of degeneration, and spike length 14-16 centimetre, tassel row number 12-14 is capable, cob white, and the seed yellow, the solids type, about 100-grain weight 25 grams, it is long slightly that younger sister plants fringe, and 100-grain weight is slightly high.The time of infertility, Chengdu spring sowing 110-115 days, as on April 9th, 1996 sowing, 7239-1 takes out male June 24, loose powder June 27, weaves silk June 29; 7239-2 takes out female June 26, loose powder June 30, weaves silk July 2.With 7239-1 *-7239-2 joins younger sister's kind, broadcasts flower synchronization the same period.Do not have northern and southern leaf blight, head smut, bacterial wilt and virus disease under the natural conditions, disease resistance is better, and drought-enduring power is stronger.

Output performance and suitable area: Yichuan is broadcast, the suitable flat mound of our province, hills and the better-than-average field of fertility level, area, mountain valley piece crossbreeding, planting density mu is planted about 5000 strains, the area that sunshine is long, amount of radiation is big can suitably increase planting density, about 200 kilograms of the general per mu yields of inbred line (younger sister system), younger sister plants general per mu yield more than 250 kilograms.

2.7331 source and feature:

The source: 1986 from basic material (short wide by 10 * interior 6-2) * (oh43 * friendships 705), and the local germplasm of its blood relationship comprises that Guangan is golden yellow, inland river two gingivals cyst of mucous gland in the newborn, Guizhou hand over 705, the short total in Wuzhi accounts for 3/4, and introduction U.S. germplasm accounts for 1/4.Select excellent seven generations of continuous selfing of involving in a criminal case, cultivate through output approval test and combining ability test test and form.

Feature: the seedling growing way is medium, and the blade light green color is elongated, becomes the wide weak point of strain blade; positive green, plant type is looser, about 200 centimetres of plant heights, and the fringe position is high about 80 centimetres; well developed root system, aerial root is many, and is bigger than normal in the tassel, branch 8-14; the little purple of sterile lemma flower pesticide, the most advanced and sophisticated small ear of branch stalk is slightly degenerated, and pollen amount is big, the filigree light red; the filigree amount is many, the fruit ear tubular, and spike length 15-18 centimetre, about tassel row number 14 row; cob white, the seed yellow, middle hard partially, 100-grain weight 24-25 gram.

In the time of infertility, Chengdu spring sowing 113-118 days as on April 9th, 1998 sowing, is taken out male June 28, loose powder July 4, weaves silk July 6.Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political College's helminthosporium maydis, head smut and bacterial wilt, then virus disease under field conditions (factors).

Output performance and suitable area: Yichuan is broadcast, suitable our province Pingba, hills and the regional preferably crossbreeding of area, river valley, mountain area fertilizer and water condition, and planting density mu is planted the 3500-4000 strain, general per mu yield 200-250 kilogram.

3. crossbreed becomes single No. 16 preparation:

Become single No. 16 preparation to carry out according to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 schematic diagram.When the parent was inbred line, father, the maternal same period were broadcast, by (maternal 6 row, male parent 1 row) alternate plantation of ratio in 6: 1.When female parent is planted for the inbred line younger sister, prepare 7239-1 * 7239-2 earlier, father and mother broadcast this same period, press 4: 1 row than alternate plantation.Crossbreeding need not transferred and broadcast, paternal pollen amount foot, and high slightly than female parent, spontaneous pollination is solid good.

The crossbreed that preparation is produced becomes single No. 16 its principal character characteristics:

Become single 16 to be corn new hybrids that have important breakthrough at aspects such as output, resistance, adaptability of seed selection in recent years, its outstanding feature is the big spike length of fringe, does not have bald point, and yield heterosis is strong, wide adaptability.1994-1995 participates in the provinces and regions examination, 432.9 kilograms of 34 average yield per mus, comparison is according to volume increase 13.0%, rank the corn provinces and regions and try ripe group of output first place in the flat mound, wherein pilot amounts of increase in production such as Fuling, Leshan, Nanchong, Qu County, Muchuan, Qianjiang are up to 24.4-46.4%, the pilot per mu yield that has reaches the 509.3-565.5 kilogram, shows great yield potential, and hybrid seed yield generally can reach more than 200 kilograms.This crossbreed is about the 120 days time of infertility, about 240 centimetres of plant heights, and the fringe position is high about 95 centimetres, about 21 centimetres of spike lengths; bald sharp 0.7 centimetre, tassel row number 14 row, 38 of every row, the yellow osculant of seed; quality better, high resistance to bacterial wilt, head smut, middle Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political College helminthosporium maydis, anti-short mosaic disease.

Claims (1)

1, a kind of method of hybrid maize seed production, comprise and adopt two inbred lines to hybridize, (7239-1 * 7239-2), the inbred line of male parent is selected the selfing 7 generations (7331) of (short wide by 10 * interior 6-2) * (oh43 * 705) for use to it is characterized in that maternal inbred line selecting the selfing 7 generations (7239) of american corn crossbreed 78607 or the sibling species in 3 generations of this crossbreed selfing for use.

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