CN107279978A - 一种适用于肿瘤病人的特殊医学用途配方食品 - Google Patents
一种适用于肿瘤病人的特殊医学用途配方食品 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种适用于肿瘤病人的特殊医学用途配方食品，其由中药多糖、碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪、益生元、牛磺酸、复合维生素和复合矿物质组成。本发明采用现代理论的营养物质低聚肽、维生素、益生元和矿物质等与中草药中的天然成分多糖配伍使用，组方比例合理，符合肿瘤患者的代谢特点，能够满足患者的代谢与营养需求，改善其营养状况和免疫状态，有利于肿瘤患者的康复。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种特殊医学用途配方食品，尤其是涉及一种能够补充肿瘤病人所需营养，有利于满足机体营养需要的配方食品。
背景技术
肿瘤是机体在各种致癌因子作用下，引起细胞遗传物质改变(包括原癌基因突变、扩增和(或)抑癌基因丢失、失活等)，导致基因表达失常，细胞异常增殖而形成的新生物。肿瘤细胞失去正常生长调节功能，具有自主或相对自主生长能力，异型性小，说明分化程度高，异型性大，说明分化程度低。区别这种异型性的大小是诊断肿瘤，确定其良、恶性的主要组织学依据。目前肿瘤的发病率正在不断地上升，已成为严重危害人类健康的常见疾病。据世界卫生组织报道，在2000年全球癌症的发病人数达1000万，死亡人数达620万，并预测到2020年，癌症的发病人数将增加50％，给医疗带来了很大的压力。
肿瘤的治疗方式一般有手术治疗、放射治疗和化学治疗。手术对身体产生很大的损伤，而放疗和化疗会产生很大的毒副作用，而且容易复发。不少研究表明，中药能诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡、抑制肿瘤血管的生长、诱导肿瘤细胞分化、逆转肿瘤细胞多药耐药性和提高机体免疫力的作用。同时中药作为天然产物，还具有作用时间持久、多靶点、多途径、毒副作用低、与人体组织相容性好等优点，对于提高肿瘤患者的治疗成功率及改善肿瘤病人的生存质量、延长生命方面都有显著效果，因此在抗肿瘤的研究中越来越受到人们的重视。
肿瘤患者由于放化疗的毒副作用，破坏了肠道吸收与免疫屏障功能，造成肝脏蛋白合成等代谢功能受损，临床表现为厌食、恶心、呕吐、腹泻、黏膜炎、肠道菌群失调等，营养摄入减少，加剧代谢紊乱。同时由于肿瘤自身对营养的消耗以及患者精神抑郁等因素，患者体重下降明显，营养不良发生率相当高。而营养不良会加重患者放化疗的不良反应、免疫力下降和治疗顺应性下降，再次入院和长时间住院的风险也更高，严重时还会导致死亡率的升高。因此，针对肿瘤患者的营养需求与代谢特殊性，开发出适合肿瘤病人食用的特殊医学用途配方食品，及时为肿瘤患者补充营养，对于肿瘤患者的治疗及康复具有重要意义。
本发明中的中药多糖包括枸杞多糖、灵芝多糖、黄芪多糖、茯苓多糖和香菇多糖。枸杞多糖是枸杞中的主要活性成分，其不仅具有免疫调节和促进造血的功能，还具有降血脂、降血糖、抗肿瘤和抗衰老作用。研究发现枸杞多糖对肝癌、胃癌、***等多种癌症均有抑制作用。灵芝多糖是灵芝中最有效的成分之一，能提高机体免疫力，消除自由基，抑制肿瘤、抗辐射，具有刺激免疫特异反应及抑制移植肿瘤生理活性的特性。抗肿瘤机制如下：通过提高机体免疫力，使免疫细胞能在肿瘤发生早期把其杀死、吞噬；提高血小板纤维蛋白的形成能力，大量的纤维蛋白能将早期的肿瘤肿块紧紧包裹，使其与外界隔绝，杜绝肿瘤的营养，从而使其长期处在休眠潜伏状态；降低肿瘤细胞表面电荷，抑制肿瘤的无限、快速***能力。黄芪多糖是从黄芪中提取的主要成分之一，广泛参与人体内各生理调节，具有抗肿瘤、抗衰老、调节免疫、降血糖、降血脂和抗病毒等作用。其中黄芪多糖抗肿瘤作用机制是多个方面的，主要包括激活NK细胞、激活巨噬细胞、促进细胞因子分泌、活化淋巴细胞、促进树突状细胞的合成和增强红细胞免疫等。茯苓多糖的抗肿瘤机制具有多靶点性，不但能提高机体免疫监视清除功能，增强机体对肿瘤细胞的杀伤能力，还可以打破机体免疫耐受，逆转肿瘤细胞免疫逃逸，增强机体的抗肿瘤免疫功能。香菇多糖是从优质香菇子实体中提取的有效活性成分，是香菇的主要有效成分，药理研究表明，香菇多糖具有抗病毒、抗肿瘤、调节免疫功能和刺激干扰素形成等作用。现代临床研究表明，香菇多糖与抗肿瘤药物联合应用对肿瘤具有良好的疗效，可增强化疗疗效、减少化疗毒副反应、改善患者生存质量。
本发明应用低聚肽代替一般的蛋白质，使其更容易被人体所吸收和利用。低聚肽一般由2-10个氨基酸组成，在动物体内，低聚肽比蛋白质更易消化，吸收速度也快于氨基酸，具有独特的生理功能和理化性质，是原蛋白质或组成氨基酸所不具备的。低聚肽的稳定性远远优于普通蛋白分子，且不需要经过胃肠道消化分解而能直接为人体吸收，减轻肾脏代谢负担。现代研究表明低聚肽具有抗氧化、降血压、抗疲劳和增强免疫力的功能。本发明采用了海洋鱼胶原低聚肽粉、小麦低聚肽粉和鹰嘴豆肽粉，为肿瘤患者提供更容易吸收的营养。
本发明脂肪中所含的中链甘油三酯是由6-12个碳原子组成碳链的脂肪酸，因其饱和度高和脂肪酸碳链短，故氧化稳定性和亲水性好，通常可作为手术后、感染和皮肤烧伤病人的专用食品，还可用于那些患有脂肪吸收不良、癌症病人和糖尿病人等的食品。而且其他几种油都含有对人体有益的成分，为病人提供营养的同时也有助于促进胃肠功能的快速恢复，达到快速康复的目的。
本发明中含有的益生元为低聚果糖和低聚半乳糖，它们不能被人体所吸收，但能被肠道菌群吸收利用，促进有益菌群增殖的同时能抑制有害菌群的生长，减少肠道负担。能预防并减轻便秘，调节菌群平衡，调节血脂浓度，增强免疫力和预防肠癌的发生，适合肿瘤患者的身体特点。
本发明是一种适用于肿瘤病人的特殊医学用途配方食品，将中药与现代营养物质有机结合起来，即在含有中药多糖成分的基础上添加低聚肽、碳水化合物、脂肪、益生元、牛磺酸、复合维生素和复合矿物质等物质，配方合理，各种成分各自发挥作用又相互融合，为肿瘤患者提供所需营养的同时也能增强机体免疫能力，有利于身体情况的改善与康复。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对肿瘤病人的营养需求，提供了一种包含中药多糖、低聚肽、碳水化合物、脂肪、益生元、牛磺酸、复合维生素和复合矿物质的特殊医学用途配方食品，可以为肿瘤患者提供所需营养，起到增强机体免疫能力的作用。
本发明是以如下技术方案实现的：一种适用于肿瘤病人的特殊医学用途配方食品，由枸杞多糖2-4份、灵芝多糖2-4份、黄芪多糖2-4份、茯苓多糖2-4份、香菇多糖2-4份、碳水化合物25-35份、低聚肽30-40份、脂肪18-25份、益生元8-12份、牛磺酸0.02-0.1份、复合维生素0.01-0.5份和复合矿物质0.01-0.5份组成。
一种适用于肿瘤病人的特殊医学用途配方食品，所述的碳水化合物为大米粉、麦芽糖醇、麦芽糊精中的两种或两种以上混合。
一种适用于肿瘤病人的特殊医学用途配方食品，所述的低聚肽为小麦低聚肽粉、海洋胶原低聚肽粉和鹰嘴豆低聚肽粉中的两种或两种以上混合。
一种适用于肿瘤病人的特殊医学用途配方食品，所述的脂肪为中链甘油三酯(MCT)、亚麻籽油、玉米油、椰子油、鱼油中的两种或两种以上混合。
一种适用于肿瘤病人的特殊医学用途配方食品，所述的益生元为低聚果糖和低聚半乳糖其中的一种或全部混合。
一种适用于肿瘤病人的特殊医学用途配方食品，所述的复合维生素为β-胡萝卜素、抗坏血酸钠、烟酰胺、泛酸钙、维生素A、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12、维生素C、生物素、叶酸中的几种或全部混合。
一种适用于肿瘤病人的特殊医学用途配方食品，所述的复合矿物质为钠、钾、铜、镁、铁、锌、锰、钙、氯、磷、碘中的几种或全部混合
本发明是将现代的营养学理论与传统养生保健理论相结合，研制出的一种适用于肿瘤病人的特殊医学用途配方食品。通过各种配料的有机组合，发挥各自的功能，并通过有效成分之间的协同作用，增强作用效果。按本发明配方制作的特殊医学用途配方食品不仅可以为肿瘤病人提供所需营养成分，对肿瘤产生一定的抑制，还可以增强患者的抵抗力与吸收能力，有利于肿瘤患者的康复，且口感良好、生产工艺简单，适宜工厂规模化生产。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例，进一步说明本发明的技术方案。
实施例1
枸杞多糖2份、灵芝多糖2份、黄芪多糖2份、茯苓多糖2份、香菇多糖2份、大米粉10份、麦芽糖醇5份、麦芽糊精10份、小麦低聚肽粉10份、海洋胶原低聚肽粉10份、鹰嘴豆低聚肽粉10份、中链甘油三酯5份、亚麻籽油4份、玉米油3份、椰子油3份、鱼油3份、低聚果糖4份、低聚半乳糖4份、牛磺酸0.02份、复合维生素0.175份(β-胡萝卜素0.02份、抗坏血酸钠0.02份、烟酰胺0.01份、维生素E 0.02份、维生素A 0.01份、泛酸钙0.02份、维生素D30.01份、维生素B10.01份、维生素B60.01份、维生素B20.006份、维生素K10.002份、叶酸0.02份、生物素0.01份、维生素B120.007份)和复合矿物质0.098份(钾0.01份、镁0.02份、钙0.02份、钠0.02份、铁0.002份、锌0.01份、铜0.004份、锰0.002份、硒0.01份)组成。
将上述原料混合，搅拌均匀，经过干燥，制成粉状食品。用一定量温开水冲调后，可直接食用。
实施例2
枸杞多糖3份、灵芝多糖3份、黄芪多糖3份、茯苓多糖3份、香菇多糖3份、大米粉12、麦芽糖醇7份、麦芽糊精11份、小麦低聚肽粉12份、海洋胶原低聚肽粉11份、鹰嘴豆低聚肽粉12份、中链甘油三酯6份、亚麻籽油5份、玉米油4份、椰子油5份、鱼油3份、低聚果糖5份、低聚半乳糖5份、牛磺酸0.06份、复合维生素0.271份(β-胡萝卜素0.04份、抗坏血酸钠0.02份、烟酰胺0.02份、维生素E 0.03份、维生素A 0.02份、泛酸钙0.02份、维生素D30.01份、维生素B10.02份、维生素B60.02份、维生素B20.008份、维生素K10.004份、叶酸0.03份、生物素0.02份、维生素B120.009份)和复合矿物质0.195份(钾0.03份、镁0.03份、钙0.04份、钠0.03份、铁0.012份、锌0.02份、铜0.006份、锰0.007份、硒0.02份)组成。
将上述原料混合，搅拌均匀，经过干燥，制成粉状食品。用一定量温开水冲调后，可直接食用。
实施例3
枸杞多糖4份、灵芝多糖4份、黄芪多糖4份、茯苓多糖4份、香菇多糖4份、大米粉15、麦芽糖醇8份、麦芽糊精12份、小麦低聚肽粉14份、海洋胶原低聚肽粉13份、鹰嘴豆低聚肽粉13份、中链甘油三酯7份、亚麻籽油5份、玉米油4份、椰子油6份、鱼油3份、低聚果糖6份、低聚半乳糖6份、牛磺酸0.1份、复合维生素0.429份(β-胡萝卜素0.05份、抗坏血酸钠0.03份、烟酰胺0.03份、维生素E 0.05份、维生素A 0.03份、泛酸钙0.04份、维生素D30.02份、维生素B10.04份、维生素B60.03份、维生素B20.013份、维生素K10.012份、叶酸0.04份、生物素0.03份、维生素B120.014份)和复合矿物质0.316份(钾0.04份、镁0.04份、钙0.06份、钠0.06份、铁0.021份、锌0.04份、铜0.013份、锰0.012份、硒0.03份)组成。
将上述原料混合，搅拌均匀，经过干燥，制成粉状食品。用一定量温开水冲调后，可直接食用。
应用例1
将40例肺癌化疗病人分为治疗组和对照组，每组各20例。两组病人除给予正常饮食、抗感染、吸氧、解痉平喘、化痰、纠正酸碱失衡和电解质紊乱等治疗外，对照组病人按平时饮食习惯进食，每日外周静脉输注20％脂肪乳250ml、8.5％复方氨基酸250ml、10％葡萄糖注射液500ml和维生素等一般营养支持治疗；治疗组将实施例2制得的产品给患者口服营养支持治疗：每日分四次服用总量为800mL的实施例2制得的产品，不能经口进食的病人，给予经鼻胃管服用。两组患者支持治疗2周后，分别对两组病人治疗前后进行营养评估、生化指标监测以及不良反应的观察。对照结果如下表1所示：
表1
| 组别 | 白细胞下降发生率 | 不良反应发生率 | 化疗依从率 |
| 治疗组 | 45.0％ | 32.5％ | 95.0％ |
| 对照组 | 77.5％ | 67.5％ | 80.0％ |
对照结果如表1所示：治疗组与对照组比较，白细胞下降发生率和不良反应发生率明显降低，且化疗依从率有所增加。结论：该特殊医学用途配方食品可明显改善肺癌病人的营养状况，提高病人的免疫功能及对化疗的耐受力。
应用例2
将38例胃肠道肿瘤病人随机分为治疗组和对照组，治疗组20例，采用实施例2制备的产品进行肠内营养支持，通过鼻/胃/肠管每日滴注25mL/kg的实施例2制得的产品，即每日注入营养配方食品的体积(mL)为患者体重(kg)的25倍；对照组18例，采用普通肠外营养支持：通过鼻/胃/肠管每天滴注3L由葡萄糖、复方氨基酸、脂肪乳及多种维生素和微量元素配制的营养物。对照结果如表2所示：
表2
| 组别 | 例数 | 并发症 | 发热时间(天) | 住院时间(天) |
| 治疗组 | 20 | 1(5.0％)* | 4.8±1.7* | 6.3±5.4* |
| 对照组 | 18 | 6(33.3％) | 7.3±2.1 | 33.2±6.5 |
注：与对照组比较，*P＜0.05。
从表2对照结果可以看出：治疗组发生并发症的患者为1位，发生率为5.0％，而对照组发生并发症的患者为6位，发生率为33.3％，治疗组的并发症发生率明显低于对照组，发热时间及住院时间明显缩短于对照组，组间差异具有明显的统计学意义(P＜0.05)。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种适用于肿瘤病人的特殊医学用途配方食品，其特征在于：由枸杞多糖2-4份、灵芝多糖2-4份、黄芪多糖2-4份、茯苓多糖2-4份、香菇多糖2-4份、碳水化合物25-35份、低聚肽30-40份、脂肪18-25份、益生元8-12份、牛磺酸0.02-0.1份、复合维生素0.01-0.5份和复合矿物质0.01-0.5份组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于肿瘤病人的特殊医学用途配方食品，其特征在于：所述的碳水化合物为大米粉、麦芽糖醇、麦芽糊精中的两种或两种以上混合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于肿瘤病人的特殊医学用途配方食品，其特征在于：所述的低聚肽为小麦低聚肽粉、海洋胶原低聚肽粉和鹰嘴豆低聚肽粉中的两种或两种以上混合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种肿瘤病人的特殊医学用途配方食品，其特征在于：所述的脂肪为中链甘油三酯(MCT)、亚麻籽油、玉米油、椰子油、鱼油中的两种或两种以上混合。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于肿瘤病人的特殊医学用途配方食品，其特征在于：所述的益生元为低聚果糖、低聚半乳糖中的一种或全部混合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于肿瘤病人的特殊医学用途配方食品，其特征在于：所述的复合维生素为β-胡萝卜素、抗坏血酸钠、烟酰胺、泛酸钙、维生素A、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12、维生素C、生物素、叶酸中的几种或全部混合。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于肿瘤病人的特殊医学用途配方食品，其特征在于：所述的复合矿物质为钠、钾、铜、镁、铁、锌、锰、钙、氯、磷、碘中的几种或全部混合。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任意一项所述的一种适用于肿瘤病人的特殊医学用途配方食品，其特征在于：所述的营养配方食品为粉状或颗粒状，加适量温开水调和食用。
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Application publication date: 20171024 |