CN107271938A - A kind of frequency mixer vectorial property measuring method - Google Patents

A kind of frequency mixer vectorial property measuring method Download PDF

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CN107271938A
CN107271938A CN201710473375.3A CN201710473375A CN107271938A CN 107271938 A CN107271938 A CN 107271938A CN 201710473375 A CN201710473375 A CN 201710473375A CN 107271938 A CN107271938 A CN 107271938A
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CN107271938B (en
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魏连成
李文军
姜信诚
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CETC 41 Institute
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R35/00Testing or calibrating of apparatus covered by the other groups of this subclass
    • G01R35/005Calibrating; Standards or reference devices, e.g. voltage or resistance standards, "golden" references

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Abstract

The present invention proposes a kind of frequency mixer vectorial property measuring method, an attenuator is added in medium frequency reception port, the medium frequency output end mouthful of the attenuator and tested frequency mixer is directly connected to, effect is to improve the matching of vector network analyzer medium frequency reception port, by this with postponing and can regard the medium frequency reception port of vector network analyzer as perfect match, it is unidirectional device that frequency mixer is no longer required in error model, improve matching by connecting attenuator in medium frequency reception port simultaneously, it is considered that port is perfect match, the load matched error of receiving port need not be considered further that in error model.Because the receiving port of the present invention is perfect match, be transferred to the useful intermediate-freuqncy signal and various wanted parasitic intermediate-freuqncy signals and leakage signal of vector network analyzer receiving port all can receiving end mouthful absorb, the intermediate frequency port of frequency mixer will not be reflected back again, therefore without measurement error caused by consideration various parasitic intermediate-freuqncy signals and leakage signal in error model.

Description

A kind of frequency mixer vectorial property measuring method
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of measurement and test, more particularly to a kind of frequency mixer vectorial property measuring method.
Background technology
Frequency mixer is widely used in various civil and military receive-transmit systems, as various advanced digital vectors modulate skill Art is widely used in such as broadband digital communication system, and in order to reduce the bit error rate of system, designer not only needs to close The amplitude versus frequency characte of heart frequency mixer, is measured while also requiring that to its phase-frequency characteristic, that is, to carry out frequency mixer full vector spy The measurement of property, and the scalar measurement on amplitude characteristic was only carried out when carrying out mixer conversion loss measurement in the past.
Vector network analyzer is a kind of general microwave and millimeter wave measuring instrument, for making extensively in radio-frequency system Such as so-called same frequency part of amplifier, wave filter, duplexer input and output frequency identical, it is possible to achieve to its amplitude-frequency and The accurate measurement of phase frequency vectorial property.And for frequency conversion devices such as such as frequency mixers, because its input and output frequency is different, it is passed The measurement of defeated characteristic phase and group delay property is always a difficult point, because vector network analyzer measurement is to be based on two The ratio measurement of individual homogenous frequency signal, the ratio of amplitude measurements two signal amplitudes of correspondence, phase measurement correspondence two The difference of signal phase.It is not a definite value and two phase difference values existed between frequency difference signal are always change, therefore such as Fruit will carry out the amplitude-frequency of frequency mixer transmission characteristic and the full vector measurement of phase-frequency characteristic, it is necessary to take different hardware configuration and survey Amount method.
At present, the most popular method that frequency mixer vectorial property measurement is carried out using vector network analyzer, is referred to as " calibration of vector frequency mixer " measuring method, as shown in figure 1, used vector network analyzer is four port network analyzers, Two independent signal sources and a parametric mixer switch are internally integrated, two sources are respectively used in frequency mixer measurement process RF excited and local oscillator driving;Or, used vector network analyzer can also be two-port vector network analyzer, this When local oscillation signal pass through the independent signal source in outside one and power splitter and provide.Above-mentioned whole measuring system constitutes corresponding error Model is as shown in Fig. 2 wherein, ED1RFFor directional error of the source port 1 at frequency mixer radio frequency incoming frequency, which depict source Size of the reference channel of port 1 to Measurement channel leakage errors signal at frequency mixer radio frequency incoming frequency;ER1RFFor source port 1 Skin tracking error, which depict the receiving channel of source port 1 and frequency response of the reference channel at frequency mixer radio frequency incoming frequency Deviation;Es1RFFor the source matching error of source port 1, which depict 1 at frequency mixer radio frequency incoming frequency of source output terminal mouthful With situation, the signal a for actually entering frequency mixer prevention at radio-frequency port is also illustrated1RFIn, except parametric excitation signal a1mRFOutside, due to The size of extra incoming signal produced by source port mismatch;EL2IFIt is receiving port 2 at mixer intermediate-frequency output frequency Load matched error, equal to a2IF/b2IF;ETReferred to as transmission tracking error, describes the Measurement channel of receiving port 2 and source port 1 Frequency response deviation of the reference channel at mixer intermediate-frequency output frequency.In addition for error term in extraction model, in addition it is also necessary to use The same frequency dual-port error model shown in single port error model and Fig. 4 shown in Fig. 3, in error model shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 In, EDiFor source port i directional error, which depict source port i reference channels to the big of Measurement channel leakage errors signal It is small;ERiFor source port i skin tracking error, which depict source port i receiving channels and the frequency response deviation of reference channel;Esi For source port i source matching error, which depict source output terminal mouthful i matching state, source output terminal mouthful i reality is also illustrated Incoming signal aiIn, except parametric excitation signal aimOutside, due to the size of the extra incoming signal produced by source port mismatch;ELij For load matched error, port i load matched state, anti-equal to port when being in excitation state which depict source port j Penetrate the ratio of signal and incoming signal;ETijFor transmission tracking error, which depict when port j is in source output state, receive The frequency response deviation of port i Measurement channels and source output terminal mouthful j reference channels.
Entirely the calibration process of " calibration of vector frequency mixer " measuring method calibrated for error including two-port, source calibration and transmission Tracking system calibrates for error 3 stages:
Stage 1:Calibrated for error with frequency two-port.The now parametric mixer switch bypass of vector network analyzer port 1 Front panel path, using inner track, the source reference signal of port 1 is directly inputted to port 1 and refers to receiving channel.Used during calibration Mechanically or electrically calibrating device carries out the single port calibration of rf frequency and IF-FRE in port 1 respectively, and intermediate frequency is carried out in port 2 The single port calibration of frequency, carries out the thru calibration of IF-FRE, the arrow according to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 between port 1 and port 2 S parameter Measuring error model under Network Analyzer common frequency measurement state is measured, error mould shown in Fig. 2 can be solved by above step E in typeD1RF、ES1RF、ER1RFAnd EL2IFTotally 4 errors.
Stage 2:Correct source power and the local oscillation power calibration of mismatch error.The characterisitic parameter of frequency mixer and source and local oscillator work( Rate is directly related, and power meter combination two-port, which calibrates for error, can be achieved the source for removing system mismatch error and local oscillation signal power electricity Flat calibration.
Stage 3:Extract transmission tracking error ET.Now the parametric mixer switch of port 1 is set to front panel output State, the reference that the intermediate-freuqncy signal that the reference signal that port 1 is exported is mixed generation with parametric mixer is input to port 1 receives logical Road.A calibration frequency mixer calibrated is connected in port 1 and port 2, E can be solvedTError term.
The influence for each error term that above-mentioned calibration process is determined is removed by using error correcting technology when measuring, It can be obtained by the full vector characterisitic parameter of measured piece.
But " calibration of vector frequency mixer " measuring method is primarily present the shortcoming of two aspects:
(1) VEC is inaccurate.Modeling to frequency mixer characteristic and the actual characteristic of frequency mixer in error model Exist and require that tested frequency mixer must be preferable unidirectional device in larger gap, error model, only exist prevention at radio-frequency port in The forward direction mixing transmission of frequency port, in the absence of the reverse mixing transmission of intermediate frequency port to prevention at radio-frequency port, reverse intermediate frequency port is to penetrating The conversion loss of frequency port is infinitely great, in radio-frequency head after the signal that mixer intermediate-frequency port is inputted will not be mixed with local oscillation signal Mouth output.
Anti- both direction before the various frequency mixers with balanced structure for using diode fabrication, its radio frequency/intermediate frequency Circuit structure be almost symmetrical, therefore both direction mixed frequency characteristic be also it is approximate, under many circumstances it is considered that It is reciprocity, i.e., the technical indicator that radio frequency is mixed to intermediate frequency port and if-to-rf port may be considered identical. When carrying out the measurement of frequency mixer performance indications using vector network analyzer, the receiving port of vector network analyzer is not preferable Matching, the signal of mixer intermediate-frequency port output is transferred to after vector network analyzer receiving port, and part signal can be anti- The intermediate frequency port of frequency mixer is emitted back towards, because many actual frequency mixers are not preferable unidirectional device, these are reflected back Signal can be mixed with local oscillation signal after prevention at radio-frequency port export.Because the actual characteristic and measurement model of tested frequency mixer are deposited In larger gap, very big measurement error will necessarily be introduced.
(2) only mismatch error amendment has been carried out in radio frequency incoming frequency and intermediate frequency output frequency.Mixer intermediate-frequency signal Frequency can include the optional frequency combination of the fundamental wave and each harmonic of radiofrequency signal and local oscillation signal, if the frequency of radiofrequency signal Rate is fRF, the frequency of local oscillation signal is fLO, the frequency of intermediate-freuqncy signal is represented by:|m×fRF±n×fLO|, m and n can use and be more than Any integer value equal to 1, it can be seen that the output signal of frequency mixer is a wide spectrum signal.
In addition, also there is the leakage signal of radio frequency and local oscillator in the intermediate frequency port of actual frequency mixer.Now widely used In " calibration of vector frequency mixer " measuring method, only exist in input port to rf frequency, in output port to IF-FRE Mismatch is corrected, and does not carry out related error to error caused by leakage signal to other various parasitic intermediate-freuqncy signals Amendment, this can also cause the big measurement error of non-difference.
The content of the invention
The shortcoming that is previously mentioned for now widely used " calibration of vector frequency mixer " measuring method and accurately it is mixed The measurement of device vectorial property in the urgent need to the present invention proposes a kind of brand-new frequency mixer vectorial property measuring method, establishes survey Error model is measured, the calibration method of error term and the error correcting method of removal error term influence in extraction model is given, gram Two shortcomings above-mentioned are taken, accurate frequency mixer full vector feature measurement is realized.
The technical proposal of the invention is realized in this way:
A kind of frequency mixer vectorial property measuring method, an attenuator, the attenuator and quilt are increased in medium frequency reception port The medium frequency output end mouthful for surveying frequency mixer is directly connected to, including following measuring process:
Measuring process 1:The source reference signal of port 1 is directly inputted to the reference channel of port 1, the prevention at radio-frequency port of frequency mixer Match S11RFDetermined by error correction formula (6):
In equation (6), ED1RFFor directional error of the source port 1 at frequency mixer radio frequency incoming frequency, ER1RFFor source port 1 skin tracking error, Es1RFFor the source matching error of source port 1, S11RFMFor measured piece of the direct measurement without error correction The prevention at radio-frequency port matching of frequency mixer, is defined as follows:
In equation (7), a1mRFFor parametric excitation signal measurements, b1mRFTo be tested frequency mixer prevention at radio-frequency port output signal Measured value;
Measuring process 2:The source reference signal that port 1 is exported is mixed the intermediate-freuqncy signal produced with parametric mixer and is input to end The reference channel of mouth 1, removes the vector transmission conversion loss C of the frequency mixer of error term influence21By error correction formula (8) really It is fixed:
In equation (8), Es1RFFor the source matching error of source port 1, ETFor transmission tracking error, C21MFor direct measurement without The forward direction vector converter loss of the measured piece frequency mixer of error correction, is defined as follows:
In equation (9), a1mRFFor parametric excitation signal measurements, b2mIFTo be tested mixer intermediate-frequency port output signal Measured value;
Completed by above step before frequency mixer to matching S11RFC is lost with vector converter21Measurement.
Alternatively, before step is measured, calibrated for error first, determine each error term in error model, school Quasi- process comprises the following steps:
Calibration steps 1, the single port in frequency mixer radio frequency input respective frequencies is carried out in the port 1 of vector network analyzer Calibration, the parametric mixer by-pass switch of port 1 is set to inner track state, and the source reference signal of port 1 is directly inputted to The reference receiving channel of internal port 1;Carry out, with the measurement of frequency S parameter, 3 different reflections being connected in port 1 respectively during calibration Standard, if given value of 3 reflectance standards on rf frequency is respectively Γ1、Γ2And Γ3, corresponding measured value is respectively M1、 M2And M3, determine following 3 errors in error model:
Calibration steps 2, is transmitted calibration, and the parametric mixer switch of vector network analyzer is set to front panel output State, the reference that the intermediate-freuqncy signal that the reference signal that port 1 is exported is mixed generation with parametric mixer is input to port 1 receives logical Road, the error term in frequency mixer, error model is calibrated known to the port 1 of vector network analyzer and the connection performance of port 2 ETDetermined by following equation:
In equation (4), MRFAnd TFTo calibrate the known features scaled values of frequency mixer, TFMFor calibration frequency mixer direct measurement institute The forward direction conversion loss obtained, is defined as follows:
In equation (5), a1mRFFor parametric excitation signal measurements, b2mIFFor calibration mixer intermediate-frequency port output signal Measured value;
Alternatively, after being calibrated for error described in completing, in addition to the calibration of power of source and local oscillator is carried out.
Alternatively, the increased attenuator reflection coefficient of port loss is better than 35dB, pad value 20dB.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) adaptability of measurement is good:Reduce the requirement to being tested frequency mixer, it is adaptable to the measurement of various frequency mixers, no Require that tested frequency mixer must be unidirectional device again.
(2) measurement accuracy is high:The various spurious frequency com-ponents and leakage signal of frequency mixer mixing generation are eliminated in measurement The shadow of various measurement errors between port and between measurement port and tested mixer ports produced by roundtrip to measurement accuracy Ring, the measurement accuracy and the uniformity of measurement result greatly improved.
(3) calibration process is simple:Now widely used " calibration of vector frequency mixer " measuring method is at least needed in calibration 3 single port calibration measurements are carried out, is once measured with frequency thru calibration and once school is transmitted in the frequency conversion of connection calibration frequency mixer Locating tab assembly;Measuring method proposed by the present invention is only needed to carry out a single port calibration measurement when being calibrated and once connected The frequency conversion transmission measurement of frequency mixer is calibrated, calibration process is enormously simplify.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing There is the accompanying drawing used required in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only this Some embodiments of invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, can be with Other accompanying drawings are obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the system block diagram of existing vector frequency mixer calibration measurement method;
Fig. 2 is existing vector frequency mixer calibration measurement method error model figure;
Fig. 3 is existing same frequency single port S parameter Measuring error model figure;
Fig. 4 is existing same frequency dual-port S parameter Measuring error model figure;
Fig. 5 is the system block diagram of the frequency mixer vectorial property measuring method of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the Measuring error model figure of measuring method of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the calibration frequency mixer and characteristic model figure of measuring method of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete Site preparation is described, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than whole embodiments.It is based on Embodiment in the present invention, it is every other that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made Embodiment, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
Measurement connection configuration method proposed by the invention and the composition of measuring system as shown in figure 5, with shown in Fig. 1 The contrast of " calibration of vector frequency mixer " measuring method is as can be seen that measurement connection method proposed by the invention is in medium frequency reception port An attenuator is added, the attenuator must be directly connected to the medium frequency output end mouthful of tested frequency mixer, and main function is to change The matching of kind vector network analyzer medium frequency reception port, it is desirable to which the loss of attenuator reflection coefficient of port is better than 35dB, pad value 20dB Left and right, by this with postponing and can regard the medium frequency reception port of vector network analyzer as perfect match.
Measuring error model proposed by the invention is as shown in fig. 6, it is isolator that frequency mixer is no longer required in error model Part, while improving matching by connecting attenuator in medium frequency reception port, it is believed that port is perfect match, in error mould The load matched error E of receiving port need not be considered further that in typeL2IF, it is believed that it is equal to 0.Because the receiving port of the present invention is reason Think matching, be transferred to the useful intermediate-freuqncy signal and various wanted parasitic intermediate-freuqncy signals of vector network analyzer receiving port and let out Reveal signal all can receiving end mouthful absorb, will not be reflected back the intermediate frequency port of frequency mixer again, therefore without examining in error model Consider measurement error caused by various parasitic intermediate-freuqncy signals and leakage signal.
Before measurements, first have to be calibrated for error, determine each error term in error model shown in Fig. 6, it is determined that The calibration process of error term includes two steps:
Calibration steps 1, the single port in frequency mixer radio frequency input respective frequencies is carried out in the port 1 of vector network analyzer Calibration.Now the parametric mixer by-pass switch of port 1 is set to inner track state, and the source reference signal of port 1 is directly defeated Enter the reference receiving channel to internal port 1.Now carry out same frequency S parameter to measure, the error model according to Fig. 6, now only The error related to port 1 need to be considered, 3 different reflectance standards are connected in port 1 respectively during calibration, if 3 reflectance standards Given value on rf frequency is respectively Γ1、Γ2And Γ3, corresponding measured value is respectively M1、M2And M3, it may be determined that Fig. 6 Following 3 errors in error model.
Calibration steps 2, is transmitted calibration, and now the parametric mixer switch of vector network analyzer, which is set, arrives front panel Output state, the reference that the intermediate-freuqncy signal that the reference signal that port 1 is exported is mixed generation with parametric mixer is input to port 1 connects Passage is received, in frequency mixer, Fig. 6 error models are calibrated known to the port 1 of vector network analyzer and the connection performance of port 2 Error term ETDetermined by following equation:
In equation (4), TFMFor the forward direction conversion loss obtained by calibration frequency mixer direct measurement, the error mould according to Fig. 6 The signal of type, is defined as follows:
MRFAnd TFTo calibrate the known features scaled values of frequency mixer, the producer that specific value calibrates frequency mixer by providing carries For.
After completion calibrates for error, the calibration of power of source and local oscillator can be carried out, with the source of improving and the power level of local oscillation signal Precision.
So far, present invention determine that whole error terms in error model shown in Fig. 6.When carrying out frequency mixer measurement, Tested frequency mixer is connected between port 1 and port 2, by following measuring process and the mistake as shown in equation (6) and equation (8) Poor correction formula, it is possible to remove the influence of each error term, obtains the accurate vectorial property measured value of tested frequency mixer:
Measuring process 1:The parametric mixer switch of port 1 sets the source reference signal to internal path state, i.e. port 1 It is directly inputted to the reference channel of port 1, removes the prevention at radio-frequency port matching S of the frequency mixer of error term influence11RFRepaiied by error Positive formula (6) is determined:
In equation (6), S11RFMThe prevention at radio-frequency port matching for the measured piece frequency mixer without error correction that is direct measurement, according to Signal definition shown in Fig. 6 is as follows:
Measuring process 2:The parametric mixer switch of port 1, which is set, arrives front panel output state, the source reference that port 1 is exported Signal is mixed the reference channel that the intermediate-freuqncy signal produced is input to port 1 with parametric mixer, removes the mixing of error term influence The vector transmission conversion loss C of device21Determined by error correction formula (8):
In equation (8), C21MThe forward direction vector converter loss for the measured piece frequency mixer without error correction that is direct measurement, Signal definition according to Fig. 6 is as follows:
Completed by above step before frequency mixer to matching S11RFC is lost with vector converter21Measurement.
Advantages of the present invention mainly includes following aspect:
(1) adaptability of measurement is good.Reduce the requirement to being tested frequency mixer, it is adaptable to the measurement of various frequency mixers, no Require that tested frequency mixer must be unidirectional device again.
(2) measurement accuracy is high.The various spurious frequency com-ponents and leakage signal of frequency mixer mixing generation are eliminated in measurement The shadow of various measurement errors between port and between measurement port and tested mixer ports produced by roundtrip to measurement accuracy Ring, the measurement accuracy and the uniformity of measurement result greatly improved.
(3) calibration process is simple.Now widely used " calibration of vector frequency mixer " measuring method is at least needed in calibration 3 single port calibration measurements are carried out, is once measured with frequency thru calibration and once school is transmitted in the frequency conversion of connection calibration frequency mixer Locating tab assembly.Measuring method proposed by the present invention is only needed to carry out a single port calibration measurement when being calibrated and once connected The frequency conversion transmission measurement of frequency mixer is calibrated, calibration process is enormously simplify.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention God is with principle, and any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc. should be included in the scope of the protection.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of frequency mixer vectorial property measuring method, it is characterised in that increase an attenuator in medium frequency reception port, this declines The medium frequency output end mouthful for subtracting device and tested frequency mixer is directly connected to, including following measuring process:
Measuring process 1:The source reference signal of port 1 is directly inputted to the reference channel of port 1, the prevention at radio-frequency port matching of frequency mixer S11RFDetermined by error correction formula (6):
<mrow> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow> <mn>11</mn> <mi>R</mi> <mi>F</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow> <mn>11</mn> <mi>R</mi> <mi>F</mi> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mn>1</mn> <mi>R</mi> <mi>F</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow> <mn>11</mn> <mi>R</mi> <mi>F</mi> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mi>S</mi> <mn>1</mn> <mi>R</mi> <mi>F</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mn>1</mn> <mi>R</mi> <mi>F</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mi>S</mi> <mn>1</mn> <mi>R</mi> <mi>F</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mn>1</mn> <mi>R</mi> <mi>F</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
In equation (6), ED1RFFor directional error of the source port 1 at frequency mixer radio frequency incoming frequency, ER1RFFor source port 1 Skin tracking error, Es1RFFor the source matching error of source port 1, S11RFMBeing direct measurement, the measured piece without error correction is mixed The prevention at radio-frequency port matching of device, is defined as follows:
<mrow> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow> <mn>11</mn> <mi>R</mi> <mi>F</mi> <mi>M</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>b</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mi>m</mi> <mi>R</mi> <mi>F</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mi>m</mi> <mi>R</mi> <mi>F</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>7</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
In equation (7), a1mRFFor parametric excitation signal measurements, b1mRFTo be tested the measurement of frequency mixer prevention at radio-frequency port output signal Value.
Measuring process 2:The source reference signal that port 1 is exported is mixed the intermediate-freuqncy signal produced with parametric mixer and is input to port 1 Reference channel, remove error term influence frequency mixer vector transmission conversion loss C21Determined by error correction formula (8):
<mrow> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mn>21</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mrow> <mn>21</mn> <mi>M</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow> <mn>11</mn> <mi>R</mi> <mi>F</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mi>S</mi> <mn>1</mn> <mi>R</mi> <mi>F</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mi>T</mi> </msub> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>8</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
In equation (8), Es1RFFor the source matching error of source port 1, ETFor transmission tracking error, C21MIt is direct measurement without error The forward direction vector converter loss of the measured piece frequency mixer of amendment, is defined as follows:
<mrow> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mrow> <mn>21</mn> <mi>M</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>b</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>m</mi> <mi>I</mi> <mi>F</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mi>m</mi> <mi>R</mi> <mi>F</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>9</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
In equation (9), a1mRFFor parametric excitation signal measurements, b2mIFTo be tested the measurement of mixer intermediate-frequency port output signal Value.
Completed by above step before frequency mixer to matching S11RFC is lost with vector converter21Measurement.
2. a kind of frequency mixer vectorial property measuring method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that
Before step is measured, calibrated for error first, determine each error term in error model, calibration process include with Lower step:
Calibration steps 1, the single port school in frequency mixer radio frequency input respective frequencies is carried out in the port 1 of vector network analyzer Standard, the parametric mixer by-pass switch of port 1 is set to inner track state, in the source reference signal of port 1 is directly inputted to The reference receiving channel of portion port 1;Carry out, with the measurement of frequency S parameter, 3 different reflection marks being connected in port 1 respectively during calibration Standard, if given value of 3 reflectance standards on rf frequency is respectively Γ1、Γ2And Γ3, corresponding measured value is respectively M1、M2 And M3, determine following 3 errors in error model:
<mrow> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mn>1</mn> <mi>R</mi> <mi>F</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&amp;Gamma;</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>&amp;Gamma;</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;Gamma;</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>&amp;Gamma;</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;Gamma;</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>&amp;Gamma;</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&amp;Gamma;</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>&amp;Gamma;</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;Gamma;</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>&amp;Gamma;</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;Gamma;</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>&amp;Gamma;</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
<mrow> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mi>S</mi> <mn>1</mn> <mi>R</mi> <mi>F</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&amp;Gamma;</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;Gamma;</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;Gamma;</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&amp;Gamma;</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>&amp;Gamma;</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;Gamma;</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>&amp;Gamma;</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;Gamma;</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>&amp;Gamma;</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> 1
<mrow> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mn>1</mn> <mi>R</mi> <mi>F</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mn>1</mn> <mi>R</mi> <mi>F</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mi>S</mi> <mn>1</mn> <mi>R</mi> <mi>F</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&amp;Gamma;</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;Gamma;</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;Gamma;</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&amp;Gamma;</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>&amp;Gamma;</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;Gamma;</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>&amp;Gamma;</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;Gamma;</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>&amp;Gamma;</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
Calibration steps 2, is transmitted calibration, and the parametric mixer switch of vector network analyzer, which is set to front panel, exports shape State, the reference that the intermediate-freuqncy signal that the reference signal that port 1 is exported is mixed generation with parametric mixer is input to port 1 receives logical Road, the error term in frequency mixer, error model is calibrated known to the port 1 of vector network analyzer and the connection performance of port 2 ETDetermined by following equation:
<mrow> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mi>T</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow> <mi>F</mi> <mi>M</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mi>F</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mi>S</mi> <mn>1</mn> <mi>R</mi> <mi>F</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mi>F</mi> </msub> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
In equation (4), MRFAnd TFTo calibrate the known features scaled values of frequency mixer, TFMObtained by calibration frequency mixer direct measurement Forward direction conversion loss, is defined as follows:
<mrow> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow> <mi>F</mi> <mi>M</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>b</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>m</mi> <mi>I</mi> <mi>F</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mi>m</mi> <mi>R</mi> <mi>F</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
a1mRFFor parametric excitation signal measurements, b2mIFTo calibrate the measured value of mixer intermediate-frequency port output signal.
3. a kind of frequency mixer vectorial property measuring method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that calibrated for error described in completing Afterwards, the calibration of power of progress source and local oscillator is included.
4. a kind of frequency mixer vectorial property measuring method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that
The increased attenuator reflection coefficient of port loss is better than 35dB, pad value 20dB.
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