CN107271121A - A kind of multiple spot distribution type fiber-optic sound wave builds building body crack detection system - Google Patents
A kind of multiple spot distribution type fiber-optic sound wave builds building body crack detection system Download PDFInfo
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- CN107271121A CN107271121A CN201710501713.XA CN201710501713A CN107271121A CN 107271121 A CN107271121 A CN 107271121A CN 201710501713 A CN201710501713 A CN 201710501713A CN 107271121 A CN107271121 A CN 107271121A
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- transmission fibers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
- G01M5/0033—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining damage, crack or wear
Abstract
Building body crack detection system, including generating laser, optical splitter, circulator, vibration acoustic detection probe, phase detectors, data collecting card, signal transacting main frame and Transmission Fibers are built the invention discloses a kind of multiple spot distribution type fiber-optic sound wave；Wherein generating laser is connected by Transmission Fibers with optical splitter, and optical splitter connects 1 port of multiple circulators by Transmission Fibers, and 2 ports of circulator connect vibration acoustic detection probe by Transmission Fibers；3 ports of circulator connect phase detectors by Transmission Fibers, and multiple phase detectors access data collecting card, and data collecting card is connected with signal transacting main frame.The laser of transmitting obtains the continuous light of multichannel through optical splitter, 1 port, 2 port transmissions through circulator are to vibration acoustic detection probe, graphene film thereon can be reflected the light and vibration acoustic of reception, signal transacting main frame is by contrasting the phase place change of regular reflection light, so as to detect whether building building body produces crack in real time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Fibre Optical Sensor and signal processing technology field, specially a kind of distributed vibration acoustic sensor-based system
And its application, it is related to Fibre Optical Sensor, acoustics sensor and signal processing technology.
Background technology
With China's rapid economic development, the also fast development therewith of China's skyscraper.The reinforced concrete in skyscraper
Soil structure is widely used.Yet with the difference of the design of skyscraper, the durability of reinforced concrete structure turns into
One problem.With the effect of the aging for the wall that partial high-level is built, and temperature, load and such as earthquake of part natural calamity
Under, wall easily produces some disguised cracks, badly influences the durability of skyscraper, and resident to skyscraper and
Practitioner causes very big potential safety hazard.
At present, conventional fracture monitoring technology mainly has ocular estimate, New Instrument for Crack Width detection, ultrasound examination etc..Ocular estimate
It is that tester whether there is crack using the tested works of eyes observation.Time-consuming for this single artificial visual method, work
Amount is big, and is affected by human factors larger, and measurement result is not accurate enough.New Instrument for Crack Width detection is that patrol officer utilizes hand-held
New Instrument for Crack Width is measured to works.This method used test instrument is simple, can reach degree of precision, but need to know
Crack position.Ultrasonic Detection Method is the non-destructive testing technology being most widely used at present.Supercritical ultrasonics technology detection crack
General principle is to be led to when ultrasonic wave is propagated in measured material by influenceing that the acoustic characteristic and interior tissue of material change
Cross the degree of injury that the detection to ultrasonic wave institute degree of susceptibility understands detection material.Surveyed because ultrasound examination needs to lay
Point, if institute's cloth measuring point can not be covered by geodesic structure comprehensively, easily occurs detection leakage phenomenon, and can not be detected in real time.
Therefore, traditional building body crack detection method can not adapt to present skyscraper completely, it is impossible to comprehensive without dead
Angle to building body crack examinations, easily occur test leakage situation.It can not be detected in time simultaneously for occurent crack, no
It can realize and building body situation is monitored in real time.The measurement accuracy of simultaneously traditional building body detecting method is not high, it is impossible to completion pair
The accurate measurement of building body crack situation.
The content of the invention
The goal of the invention of the present invention is：For above-mentioned problem, propose that a kind of multiple spot distribution type fiber-optic sound wave is high
Floor building building body crack detection system.The crack that the system can be likely to occur to the wall of high-rise is due to vibrations, phase
Mutually the acoustic vibration signal of extruding or generation of ftractureing is caught.
The multiple spot distribution type fiber-optic sound wave building building body crack detection system of the present invention, including generating laser L, optical splitter
P, circulator C, vibration acoustic detection probe A, phase detectors D, data collecting card Q, signal transacting main frame N and Transmission Fibers.
Wherein generating laser L is used to export continuous laser and inject in Transmission Fibers B0, the preferred 1550nm of its centre wavelength.To realize
Detected while multiple signals, be divided into n (n correspondence vibration acoustic detection spies via optical splitter P into the continuous light in Transmission Fibers
The number of head) the continuous light in road, what is be divided into all continues onwards transmission per light continuous all the way via the corresponding B1 of Transmission Fibers all the way.
A port (usual circulator C includes 3 ports) per the corresponding circulator C of Transmission Fibers B1 connections all the way,
Circulator C in the present invention is used to launch light, the coupled transfer of reflected light, for the ease of distinguishing circulator C 3 ports, will
The port definition being connected with Transmission Fibers B1 is 1 port, is 2 ports by the port definition being connected with Transmission Fibers B2, will be with biography
The port definition for losing fine B3 connections is 3 ports.Continuous laser in Transmission Fibers B1 is coupled by circulator C 1 port to pass through
By 2 port transmissions into Transmission Fibers B2.Transmission Fibers B2 connections are arranged on the vibration acoustic in the wall of building to be detected
Detection probe A.
Vibration acoustic detection probe A is that it includes one section of Transmission Fibers with highly sensitive vibration acoustic detection probe
B4, glass bushing E and graphene film G, Transmission Fibers B4 one end are fixed in glass bushing E, and one end is used for and transmission light
Fine B2 weldings, graphene film G is fixed on a glass bushing E end face, and with the Transmission Fibers in glass bushing E
B4 end face constitutes a FP chamber (Fa-Po cavity).So that the continuous light in Transmission Fibers B2 can be detected by vibration acoustic and visited
Graphene film G reflections on head A, obtain reflected light.
2 port transmissions of the reflected light through circulator C are to 3 ports, then are coupled into Transmission Fibers B3.Transmission Fibers B3 connects
Meet phase detectors D.The detection of the phase place change via the Transmission Fibers B3 reflected lights transmitted is completed in phase detectors D.
Phase detectors D signal output part is connected with data collecting card Q signal input part, according to capture card Q to phase
Detector D output signal carries out data acquisition, and gathered data is input into signal transacting main frame N, signal transacting main frame N bases
The processing of building body Crack Detection is carried out in each phase detectors D of correspondence gathered data：If phase detectors D gathered data is deposited
There is crack and output display at phase place change, the then set location for judging corresponding vibration acoustic detection probe A.
Wherein, data collecting card Q frequency acquisition can freely be set, full in acquisition channel for the ease of the system integration
, can be defeated by all phase detectors D output signal on the premise of foot (i.e. acquisition channel number m >=n of data collecting card Q)
Enter same data collecting card Q different acquisition passage, complete to gather the data of bit detector D output signal.If one
Data collecting card Q acquisition channel number m is less than n, then needs multiple data collecting card Q to complete the collection to n roads signal jointly.
Meanwhile, in the system, data collecting card Q both can be single device, can also be integrated in signal transacting main frame N,
I.e. data collecting card Q signal input part is connected with phase detectors D signal output part, data collecting card Q signal output
End connection signal transacting main frame N processing units, body Crack Detection processing in building is carried out to gathered data by the processing unit.
Further, vibration acoustic detection probe A is embedded in the wall of skyscraper when building skyscraper wall.Can
Vibration acoustic detection probe A quantity needed for being calculated according to wall area ratio, to ensure vibration acoustic detection probe A quantity foot
To cover all walls of whole building.So as to realize wall body structure damage, the real-time monitoring in crack and essence to skyscraper
It is determined that position.
In summary, by adopting the above-described technical solution, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：In the present invention, whole system
Altogether with a lasing light emitter, system cost has been saved.Laser it will be divided into all the way in multiple light paths, and each light path by optical splitter
There is a highly sensitive vibration acoustic signal detection probe, the wall of whole skyscraper can be covered, to realize full side
Wall to building of the position without dead angle is detected.Meanwhile, the vibration acoustic detection of the special construction made of graphene film
Probe, can catch for very small vibration signal, greatly improve the sensitivity of whole system.Multiple light paths
By same data acquisition device, the data collected are handled through same signal transacting main frame, to a certain extent
Cost is saved.By the way that the system is inserted inside wall when building construction wall, it is possible to achieve to wall body structure and split
Seam situation is detected in real time.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is system structure diagram of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the vibration acoustic detection probe of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the operation principle schematic diagram of single vibration acoustic detection probe in systems；
Fig. 4 is that detection probe chamber length in the presence of vibration acoustic signal changes schematic diagram；
When Fig. 5 is that Data Detection passage is opened, construction wall is intact, is not detected by crack vibration signal；
When Fig. 6 is that Data Detection passage is opened, crack occurs for construction wall, detects crack vibration signal.
Reference：A- vibration acoustic detection probes；E- probe glass bushings；Graphene film on G- probes；I-FP
The cavity length of chamber (Fa-Po cavity)；B0, B1, B2, B3, B4- Transmission Fibers；J- fusion points；C- circulators；, 1st, 2 3- circulators
1st, 2,3 port；D- phase detectors；L- narrow linewidth lasers；P- optical splitters；Q- multi-channel data acquisition boards；N- signal transactings
Main frame；Fl transmission light in a1, a2, a3- Transmission Fibers；R1- reflected lights；Transmission light in r2- Transmission Fibers B3；S- cracks
Vibration signal.
Embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to embodiment and accompanying drawing, to this hair
It is bright to be described in further detail.
Referring to Fig. 1, multiple spot distribution type fiber-optic sound wave building building body crack detection system of the invention includes generating laser
L, optical splitter P, circulator C, vibration acoustic detection probe A, phase detectors D, data collecting card Q, signal transacting main frame N and biography
Fibre is lost, its annexation is：Generating laser L signal output part is inputted by Transmission Fibers B0 and optical splitter P signal
End connection；Optical splitter P includes n roads signal output part, and it passes through Transmission Fibers B1 all the way and one respectively per road signal output part
Circulator C port 1 is connected, and the port 2 of the circulator C is visited by one vibration acoustic detection of Transmission Fibers B2 connections all the way
Head A, while the port 3 of the circulator C is connected by Transmission Fibers B3 all the way and a phase detectors D signal input part
Connect, phase detectors D signal output part is connected with data collecting card Q signal input part, data collecting card Q signal output
End connection signal transacting main frame N.
In this embodiment, the laser of generating laser L transmittings is preferably that centre wavelength continuously swashs for 1550nm
Light.Optical splitter P uses 1:64 types, are divided into 64 road laser, circulator C, vibration acoustic detection probe A, phase by the laser of generation
Detector D quantity is 64.
64 highly sensitive vibration acoustic detection probe A, its structure are made first as shown in Fig. 2 including one section of transmission
Optical fiber B4, glass bushing E and graphene film G, Transmission Fibers B4 one end are fixed in glass bushing E, the other end be used for
Transmission Fibers B2 weldings (the point J shown in Fig. 1 is then corresponding fusion point), graphene film G is fixed on the one of glass bushing E
On individual end face, and a FP chamber (Fa-Po cavity) is constituted with the end face of the Transmission Fibers B3 in glass bushing E.Wherein vibrate
The specific preparation process that sonic detection visits A is as follows：
(1) graphene oxide solution for being 0.5mg/ml with graphene oxide powder and deionized water configuration concentration, will match somebody with somebody
The solution made is placed in ultrasonic cleaner about 10 minutes, removes the oxonium ion in solution；
(2) about 0.25ml graphene oxide solution is taken to be placed in size for 1cm2Copper foil on, obtain dripping aerobic fossil
The copper foil 1 of black alkene solution.Copper foil 1 is placed on warm table and carries out drying and processing.Warm table drying temperature is 40~50
DEG C, drying time is about 3-4 hour.Until graphene oxide solution is oven-dried, the copper with drying graphene oxide is obtained
Paillon foil 2；
(4) the small square sheets that copper foil 2 is cut into 5mm*5mm are placed in the FeCl that concentration is 0.2g/ml3It is right in solution
Copper sheet is corroded, and copper foil will be corroded disappearance after 2 hours, and graphene oxide film will swim in solution surface；
(5) fritter graphene oxide film is gently picked up with sheet glass to be placed in deionized water and cleaned 2 times, obtaining can be with
For making the clean graphene oxide film that A is visited in vibration acoustic detection, i.e. graphene film G.
(6) glass bushing E (can use glass capillary) is put into ultrasonic cleaner and cleaned.Cleaning is completed
Afterwards, it is placed in temperature to the glass bushing E heating, dryings after cleaning to be adjusted to dry 3-5min on 100 DEG C of warm table, obtains drying
Glass bushing E；
(7) obtained graphene film G films are covered in glass bushing E one end；
(8) again stretching into one section of Transmission Fibers B4 (naked fibre) for peelling off coat (can in the glass bushing E after heating, drying
To determine that Transmission Fibers B4 stretches into glass bushing E depth by observing the interference fringe picture of connection spectrometer), finally carry out
Encapsulation process obtains vibration acoustic detection and visits A.
Then make 64 vibration acoustic detection probe A are evenly distributed on to the wall of building building body to be detected again
In structure.When making vibration acoustic detection probe A, vibration acoustic detection probe A Transmission Fibers B4 length is set
It is long a little to constitute the detection probe structure with one section of Transmission Fibers B4, in order to the introduced details with Transmission Fibers B2, example
Transmission Fibers B4 length is such as arranged on 2m or so, with the thick wall body structures of general 60cm, then vibration acoustic detection probe A
Wall 30cm or so should be submerged, the long Transmission Fibers B4 of 1.7m or so are only spilt outside wall.All vibration acoustics are detected
Probe A is placed on according to diverse location in the different walls of building building to be detected body, and wall is completely covered for realization.Will be all
, can be using fusion techniques are by the Transmission Fibers B4 being exposed at outside wall and transmit after vibration acoustic detection probe A placements are finished
Optical fiber B2 carries out welding, constitutes complete Transmission Fibers.
In the present invention, the length of the Transmission Fibers B2 for connecting vibration acoustic detection probe A should be according to specific position
Flexibly setting length is put, but the overall length for Transmission Fibers B1 and B3 is longer.With common buildings such as high-rise building
It is highly reference, if building height is 100m, Transmission Fibers B2 maximum length answers >=100m.This is disposed in building building body
During system, the vibration acoustic detection probe A that Transmission Fibers B4 is preferably just will be connected to when building building inserts the wall of building
Among body, it is easy to probe A with more agreeing with inside wall, while the destruction to wall can also be reduced.
In this implementation example, whole system can gather the wall body slit vibration signal of n=64 position simultaneously.It is actual to answer
Vibration acoustic detection probe A quantity and data acquisition channel number, volume of the concrete condition according to building can be increased in
Determined with scale.After all fused fiber splices are finished according to the structure shown in Fig. 1, a complete multiple spot is just constituted distributed
Optical fiber sound wave builds building body crack detection system.After electricity in whole system, structure can be carried out to the wall of whole building thing
The detection in crack.
Referring to Fig. 3, the workflow of multiple spot distribution type fiber-optic sound wave building building body crack detection system of the invention is as follows：
(1) the continuous laser a1 (fl transmission light) of generating laser L transmittings, enters optical splitter P via Transmission Fibers B0,
The continuous laser a1 in Transmission Fibers is divided into 64 road continuous laser a2 (fl transmission light) through optical splitter P.Per road continuous laser
A2 enters circulator C, and the coupling of 2 ports through circulator C respectively through Transmission Fibers B1 all the way by circulator C 1 port
Optical signal a3 (fl transmission light) is obtained, a3 enters vibration acoustic detection probe A through Transmission Fibers B2.
(2) the optical signal a3 transmitted in vibration acoustic detection probe A first passes around Transmission Fibers B4 end face and enters B4
In the FP chambers that end face is constituted with graphene film G, graphene film G can be reflected optical signal a3, obtain reflected light r1, then
Returned to via FP chambers in Transmission Fibers B2.(can not be said to be FP chambers here r1 is transmitted into Transmission Fibers B2)
Reflected light r1 is coupled into circulator C by circulator C 2 ports, and the coupling of 3 ports through circulator C is obtained
Reflected light r2 (i.e. transmission light in Transmission Fibers B3), r2 enter phase detectors D through Transmission Fibers B3.Via corresponding phase
Detector D carries out phase-detection to the reflected light r2 in B3.
When building interior wall body slit produces crack vibration signal S, then it can cause corresponding vibration acoustic detection probe A
Graphene film G produce vibration (even faint vibration acoustic signal), and then cause the long I of chamber of FP chambers to change.
The long I of chamber length change frequency is identical with crack vibration signal S frequency, and the long I of chamber length change degree is vibrated with crack to be believed
Number S intensity is into positive correlation.The long I of chamber change can cause reflective phase to produce change, can be detected instead through phase detectors D
Penetrate the change of light phase.I.e. when phase detectors D has testing result, then it represents that vibration acoustic detection probe A investigative range
Inside there is crack vibration signal S；If without testing result, then it represents that in the absence of crack vibration signal S.Accordingly, based on being shaken to each
Dynamic acoustic detection probe A monitorings can realize that whether producing crack to the wall where it detects.
Step 3：Multi-channel data acquisition board Q each passage one phase detectors D of correspondence, to multiple phase-detections
Device D carries out data acquisition simultaneously.The data input collected carries out signal processing analysis and display into signal transacting main frame N.
Fig. 5 is when being not detected by crack vibration signal S, signal transacting main frame N is to the gathered data of input (to one of phase-detection
Device D gathered data) real-time display；Fig. 6 is then that signal transacting main frame N is to input when detecting crack vibration signal S
The real-time display of gathered data (to one of phase detectors D gathered data).
Step 4：In signal transacting main frame N, the data message that each light path is collected can be recorded, to detection
To the frequency and intensity of vibration signal analyzed, and then the structure situation of wall where obtaining each probe.If collection
The vibration signal produced to crack, can be perceived in the very first time.That is signal transacting main frame N is in real time to each phase detectors
D output is detected, when phase detectors D gathered data has phase place change, then judges corresponding vibration acoustic inspection
There is crack and output display at the set location for surveying probe A.
Whole system can be powered always to be detected in real time to building, it is done so that electric cost it is higher.Can
And have it is intermittent analysis is monitored to whole building thing every one section of regular time, carried out to detecting problematic wall
Processing, the potential safety hazard of high-rise can be eliminated well in time.
In summary, by analyzing and processing the crack vibration signal of the building masonry wall detected, the present invention can be to height
The wall body slit damage of layer building is used for quickly detecting and is accurately positioned.The high-sensitivity vibration acoustic detection probe used can be with
Ensure that whole system has very high sensitivity.Meanwhile, whole building thing can be completely covered in the distributed frame of multiple spot detection
All walls, will not occur test leakage situation.Simultaneity factor is simple to operate, and optical fiber has considerably long service life in itself, can
That time that building is demolished is used initial stage with the construction in building always.By the system regularly to whole building
Thing is detected, can largely eliminate the potential safety hazard on fabric structure.
The foregoing is only a specific embodiment of the invention, any feature disclosed in this specification, except non-specifically
Narration, can alternative features equivalent by other or with similar purpose replaced；Disclosed all features or all sides
Method or during the step of, in addition to mutually exclusive feature and/or step, can be combined in any way.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of multiple spot distribution type fiber-optic sound wave builds building body crack detection system, it is characterised in that including generating laser L,
Optical splitter P, circulator C, vibration acoustic detection probe A, phase detectors D, data collecting card Q and signal transacting main frame N；
Wherein, vibration acoustic detection probe A is arranged in the wall of building building body, and vibration acoustic detection probe A is by one section of biography
Lose fine B4, glass bushing E and graphene film G is constituted, one end of the Transmission Fibers B4 is fixed in glass bushing E, one
Hold for Transmission Fibers B2 weldings, graphene film G is fixed on a glass bushing E end face, and with positioned at glass sock
The end face of Transmission Fibers B4 in pipe E constitutes Fa-Po cavity；
Optical splitter P includes n roads signal output part, wherein n correspondence vibration acoustic detection probes A number；
Generating laser L signal output part is connected by Transmission Fibers B0 with optical splitter P signal input part；Optical splitter P's
It is connected respectively by Transmission Fibers B1 all the way with circulator C port 1 per road signal output part, the end of the circulator C
Mouth 2 is by one optical fiber acoustic detection probe A of Transmission Fibers B2 connections all the way, while the port 3 of the circulator C is by all the way
Transmission Fibers B3 is connected with phase detectors D signal input part, and each phase detectors D is used to detect chatter
The phase place change frequency for the reflected light that ripple detection probe A graphene film G is reflected；
Phase detectors D signal output part is connected with data collecting card Q signal input part, according to capture card Q to phase-detection
Device D output signal carries out data acquisition, and gathered data is input into signal transacting main frame N, and signal transacting main frame N is based on pair
Each phase detectors D gathered data is answered to carry out the processing of building body Crack Detection：If there is phase in phase detectors D gathered data
There is crack and output display at position change, the then set location for judging corresponding vibration acoustic detection probe A.
2. the system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that when building floor construction body, vibration acoustic detection probe A is set
Put in the wall of building building body, and vibration acoustic detection probe A Transmission Fibers B4 one end is reserved in outside wall.
3. the system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the data collecting card Q is built in signal transacting main frame N,
Data collecting card Q signal input part is connected with phase detectors D signal output part, data collecting card Q signal output part
Signal transacting main frame N processing units are connected, being based on gathered data by the processing unit carries out the processing of building body Crack Detection.
4. the system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that vibration acoustic detection probe A graphene film G making
Cheng Wei：
(1) graphene oxide solution for being 0.5mg/ml with graphene oxide powder and deionized water configuration concentration, to oxidation stone
Black alkene solution is cleaned, and removes the oxonium ion in graphene oxide solution；
(2) take the graphene oxide solution after cleaning to be placed on the copper foil of rectangle, obtain dripping the copper for having graphene oxide solution
The unit coverage density of paillon foil 1, wherein copper foil 1 is 0.25ml/cm2；
Copper foil 1 is placed on warm table again and carries out drying and processing, until graphene oxide solution is oven-dried, is obtained with baking
The copper foil 2 of dry oxidation graphene；Wherein warm table drying temperature is 40~50 DEG C, and drying time is 3-4 hour；
(3) copper foil 2 is cut into 5mm*5mm square sheets, the FeCl that concentration is 0.2g/ml is placed in3To carrying out in solution
Corrosion, obtains graphene oxide film；
(4) graphene oxide film is placed in deionized water and cleaned, the graphene for obtaining vibration acoustic detection probe A is thin
Film G.
5. system as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that the process for making vibration acoustic detection probe A is as follows：
(1) glass bushing E is put into ultrasonic cleaner and cleaned, and heating baking is carried out to the glass bushing E after cleaning
It is dry, obtain dry glass bushing E；Wherein heating-up temperature is 100 DEG C, and the heat time is 3-5min；
(2) the graphene film G films obtained based on manufacturing process described in claim 3 are covered in glass bushing E one end；
(3) one section of Transmission Fibers B4 for peelling off coat is stretched into dry glass bushing E again, is finally packaged and handles
To vibration acoustic detection probe A.
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| CN108916659A (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2018-11-30 | 青岛厚科信息工程有限公司 | Building safeguard information interactive managing system |
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