CN107258224A - Watermelon harvester and its harvesting method - Google Patents
Watermelon harvester and its harvesting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107258224A CN107258224A CN201710502824.2A CN201710502824A CN107258224A CN 107258224 A CN107258224 A CN 107258224A CN 201710502824 A CN201710502824 A CN 201710502824A CN 107258224 A CN107258224 A CN 107258224A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D46/00—Picking of fruits, vegetables, hops, or the like; Devices for shaking trees or shrubs
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of watermelon harvester, including drive mechanism, frame body and transport mechanism, wherein, frame body includes the compartment, the wheel positioned at car bottom and the weight screening plant being installed on the compartment for being used to place watermelon；Transport mechanism includes the secondary conveyer for being located at two main conveyers of weight screening plant both sides and being connected with the main conveyer, and main conveyer and time conveyer are conveyer belt conveyer；Drive mechanism is connected with wheel and main conveyer.Watermelon harvester proposed by the present invention, improves the efficiency of harvest watermelon.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural machinery technological field, more particularly to a kind of watermelon harvester and its harvesting method.
Background technology
At present, in agricultural production at home and abroad, the harvest of watermelon does not realize mechanization also, especially uses at home
Basic or traditional harvesting of watermelon field and field based on manpower is transported, and watermelon in all parts of the country is harvested by inquiry
Mode, as a result finds that the harvesting approach of different regions is similar, the harvest pattern that many melon growers use is generally：Artificial sieve
Choosing-artificial field collection-people's fixture vehicle-artificial stacking-artificial field transport.Not only program is cumbersome for this process, inefficiency
And substantial amounts of manual labor can be consumed.
The content of the invention
It is a primary object of the present invention to provide a kind of watermelon harvester and its harvesting method, it is intended to improve harvest watermelon
Efficiency.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a kind of watermelon harvester, including drive mechanism, frame body and transmission
Mechanism, wherein,
The frame body includes for the compartment for placing watermelon, the wheel positioned at car bottom and is installed on the compartment
Weight screening plant；
The transport mechanism includes being located at two main conveyers of weight screening plant both sides and is connected with the main conveyer
Secondary conveyer, the main conveyer and time conveyer are conveyer belt conveyer；
The drive mechanism is connected with wheel and main conveyer.
Preferably, each main conveyer is correspondingly arranged conveyer twice, and the belt pulley of the main conveyer passes through
Straight bevel gear is connected to be driven with time conveyer.
Preferably, the bottom in the compartment is provided with central shaft, and central shaft is connected by straight-tooth gear mechanism with motor,
The central shaft is connected by chain and sprocket driving device with wheel, the central shaft by straight bevel gear be connected with main conveyer with
Transmission.
Preferably, the central shaft is flexibly connected by chain and sprocket driving device with wheel.
Preferably, the belt pulley both sides of main conveyer described in one are provided with straight bevel gear and are connected to pass with central shaft
It is dynamic.
Preferably, the weight screening plant includes Screening Platform and push rod and spiral bullet for supporting Screening Platform
Spring, wherein,
Multiple push rods support the side of Screening Platform, and multiple helical springs support the opposite side of Screening Platform, screening
The initial position of platform is that the side supported to push rod is tilted.
Preferably, the initial position of the Screening Platform is that the side supported to push rod tilts 10 ° ~ 15 °.
Preferably, the helical spring is equipped with the thin bar for avoiding spring from collapsing under pressure, and the length of the thin bar is spiral
0.6 ~ 0.8 times of its length.
Preferably, the Screening Platform is provided with multiple guiding channels for watermelon to be separately oriented to, described to draw
Pathway is provided with carpet covering.
Present invention further propose that a kind of harvesting method based on above-mentioned watermelon harvester, comprises the following steps：
Watermelon is positioned on time conveyer, watermelon is sent on main conveyer by secondary conveyer；
Watermelon is sent to progress gravity screening at weight screening plant by main conveyer, and the watermelon more than preset weight is sent to
The side in compartment, the watermelon no more than preset weight is sent to the opposite side in compartment；
After piling watermelon after compartment, driving mechanisms control vehicle wheel rotation is so that watermelon is transported to appointed place.
Watermelon harvester proposed by the present invention, whole watermelon harvest only needs manpower field to pluck a process, and remaining is all
What machinery was completed, watermelon harvest process can be greatly simplified, efficiency of crop is substantially increased, the manual labor of people is reduced.Separately
Outer watermelon harvester also has the advantages that simple in construction, easy realization and reliable operation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation at the visual angle of watermelon harvester one of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation at another visual angle of watermelon harvester of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the structure diagram that watermelon harvester of the present invention sees transport mechanism；
Fig. 4 is the partial structural diagram at the visual angle of watermelon harvester one of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the partial structural diagram at another visual angle of watermelon harvester of the present invention.
In figure, 10- frame bodies, 11- compartments, 12- wheels, 13- weight screening plants, 131- Screening Platforms, 132- tops
Bar, 133- helical springs, 20- transport mechanisms, the main conveyers of 21-, the belt pulleys of 211- first, 212- main belts, 213- master
Transmit tape frame, 22- conveyer, 31- central shafts, 32- motor.
The realization, functional characteristics and advantage of the object of the invention will be described further referring to the drawings in conjunction with the embodiments.
Embodiment
It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not intended to limit the present invention.
It should be noted that in the description of the invention, term " transverse direction ", " longitudinal direction ", " on ", " under ", "front", "rear",
The orientation or position relationship of the instruction such as "left", "right", " vertical ", " level ", " top ", " bottom ", " interior ", " outer " is based on accompanying drawing institutes
The orientation or position relationship shown, is for only for ease of the description present invention and simplifies description, is not instruction or implies signified dress
Put or element there must be specific orientation, with specific azimuth configuration and operation, therefore it is not intended that to the limit of the present invention
System.In addition, term " first ", " second " etc. are only used for describing purpose, and it is not intended that indicating or implying relative importance.
Referring to figs. 1 to Fig. 5, in this preferred embodiment, a kind of watermelon harvester, including drive mechanism, frame body 10 with
And transport mechanism 20, wherein,
Frame body 10 includes for the compartment 11 for placing watermelon, the wheel 12 positioned at the bottom of compartment 11 and is installed on the compartment
Weight screening plant 13 on 11；
Transport mechanism 20 include positioned at the both sides of weight screening plant 13 two main conveyers 21 and with the main conveyer 21
The secondary conveyer 22 of connection, main conveyer 21 and time conveyer 22 are conveyer belt conveyer；
Drive mechanism is connected with wheel 12 and main conveyer 21.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, each main conveyer 21 is correspondingly arranged conveyer 22 twice, main conveyer 21
Belt pulley be connected by straight bevel gear with time conveyer 22 to be driven, it is achieved thereby that driven by a drive mechanism simultaneously
Move main conveyer 21 and time conveyer 22.
Reference picture 4 and Fig. 5, main conveyer 21 include two first belt pulleys 211, are placed on first belt pulley 211
Main belt 212 and the main belt framework 213 for supporting the first belt pulley 211.Secondary conveyer 22 includes two second
Belt pulley, the secondary conveyer belt being placed on second belt pulley and the secondary transmission tape frame for supporting the second belt pulley.First
The two ends of belt pulley 211 are connected with while driving conveyer belt rotation twice by straight bevel gear with two second belt pulleys.It is main to pass
Tape frame 213 is sent to be fixed by gripping mechanism with frame body 10.Secondary transmission tape frame passes through gripping mechanism and main belt frame
Frame 213 is fixed.
Main belt 212 and two conveyer belts are all demountable, are in addition guarantee main belt 212 and vehicle frame sheet
Cooperation between body 10, secondary conveyer belt and main belt 212 is compact, and bolt is tightened above gripping mechanism and is fastened.
The present embodiment is used to be driven with lower drive mechanism：The bottom in compartment 11 is provided with central shaft 31, and central shaft 31 passes through
Straight-tooth gear mechanism is connected with motor 32, and central shaft 31 is connected by chain and sprocket driving device with wheel 12, and central shaft 31 is by straight
Bevel gear is connected to be driven with main conveyer 21.
Mainly moved forward and backward in the fields in view of watermelon harvester, therefore rate request is now designed as than relatively low
1m/s（Adult's normal gait speed）Compare rationally, but watermelon harvester will have a certain distance with ground, to prevent from encountering
Watermelon, therefore tire radius are designed as 0.4m ~ 0.5m.Inspection information is learnt：The coefficient of rolling resistance for the gaseous state wheel of ploughing newly ploughed is about
For 0.16, the coefficient of rolling resistance for the arable land gaseous state wheel for having become real is about 0.12.With reference to reality, watermelon harvester is now taken in field
In coefficient of rolling resistance be 0.14, for ensure watermelon harvester conevying efficiency, it is proposed that design watermelon harvester full load weight
Measure as 1000kg or so, the load that each tire is born is 250kg, so the resistance that the single tire of watermelon harvester full load is subject to
Power F=mgf=250 × 9.8 × 0.14=343N, required torque is：T=F×r=343×0.4=137.2N*m.
Therefore the rated power of motor 32 is about 1800 ~ 2000W.
Because the speed of full load watermelon harvester is 1m/s, the rated speed of motor 32 is about wheel in 56r/s, the design
12 radiuses are fixed tentatively as 0.4m, by formula：
Ɯ=v/r=1/0.4(rad/s)=2.5rad/s；
N=Ɯ/2π=2.5/(2×3.14)=0.93r/s。
So, it is about from motor 32 to the total speed reducing ratio of wheel 12：56/0.93=60, watermelon harvester is before field
Enter or retreat transmission device be designed as double reduction：The first order is that the speed reducing ratio of motor 32 to central shaft 31 is 1:6, with one
It is 1 to cover gearratio:6 straight-tooth gear engaged transmission；Axle 31 arrives the deceleration of the drive shaft of wheel 12 centered on the second level is slowed down, and slows down
Than for 1:10, it is driven with a set of chain and sprocket driving device.The design drawing of transmission device is as shown in Figure 3.
Because watermelon harvester is to be driven advance by a motor 32 or retreated, and also to drive main conveyer 21
Operating, when main conveyer 21 is operated, watermelon harvester must be parked in as you were, and now motor 32 will continue
Operate to drive main conveyer 21.Therefore, in reference picture 3, the present embodiment, central shaft 31 passes through chain and sprocket driving device and wheel 12
It is flexibly connected.Flexible connection is that the chain pitch wheel of the double reduction on central shaft 31 is not fixedly connected with central shaft 31, can
Design chain pitch wheel is enclosed on central shaft 31 by combined cover, alignment pin is designed with central shaft 31, combined cover is provided with fixed
Position pin opening, when needing interruption motor 32 to be transmitted to the power between driving wheel, only need to stir one and be connected with combined cover
Shift fork, combined cover is moved left and right along central shaft 31, realize alignment pin opening on combined cover and alignment pin connection and
Separation, so as to realize the transmission and interruption of power.
Further, the belt pulley both sides of each main conveyer 21 are provided with straight bevel gear and are connected with central shaft 31
To be driven.
Because watermelon is easily broken, therefore conveyer belt, when transmitting watermelon, proper speed is about 0.4 ~ 0.6m/s, again
The radial design of conveyer belt belt wheel is 0.1m, and line speed takes 0.5m/s;
By formula：Ɯ=v/r=0.5/0.1(rad/s)=5rad/s；
N=Ɯ/2π=5/(2×3.14)=1.86r/s；
So, total reduction ratio is 56/1.86=30.
The direction of rotation of main belt 212 is vertical with the direction of rotation of central shaft 31 90 °, therefore by central shaft 31 to conveyer belt
Power transmission using a pair of Straight Bevel Gear Drives, in order to prevent it is unilateral using bevel-gear sett when the vibration that produces,
Therefore there is bevel gear to engage in the both sides of one end bevel gear of central shaft 31, balance unilateral cone by increasing a bevel gear
The vibration that gear is produced.In order to ensure the degree of engagement of bevel gear, bevel gear, which is designed to often to engage bevel gear, i.e. bevel gear, to be passed through
Bearing is fixed on vehicle frame, and the other end of two bevel gears respectively has a belt pulley, and belt pulley passes through belt and main belt 212
First belt pulley 211 at two ends is connected, so as to drive the operating of main belt 212.Have one again in the opposite side of main belt 212
Straight bevel gear is connected, so that the secondary conveyer belt for driving both sides by main belt 212 again is operated, the field fortune of watermelon is realized
It is defeated.
Specifically, reference picture 4 and Fig. 5, weight screening plant 13 include Screening Platform 131 and for supporting Screening Platform
131 push rod 132 and helical spring 133, wherein,
Multiple push rods 132 support the side of Screening Platform 131（The connection side at that end that Screening Platform 131 is supported with push rod 132
Formula is to be hinged）, multiple helical springs 133 support the opposite side of Screening Platform 131, the initial position of Screening Platform 131（Initially
Position refers to position when not placing watermelon）It is that the side supported to push rod 132 is tilted.
The initial position of Screening Platform 131 is that the side supported to push rod 132 tilts 10 ° ~ 15 °（I.e. push rod 132 is supported
The side that side is highly supported less than helical spring 133）.
Now it is designed as when the weight born on Screening Platform 131 is equal to 40N, the position of Screening Platform 131 is in level, this
The side for being due to Screening Platform 131 is supported by many incompressible push rods 132, therefore the side that push rod 132 is supported is not
It can move down, opposite side is supported by many helical springs 133, and helical spring 133 will be compressed downwardly under gravity, sieve
Gravity suffered by selecting on platform 131 is bigger, and the downward displacement of helical spring 133 is bigger, when power downward on Screening Platform 131 is
During 45N, the decrement of helical spring 133 is that 500mm × sin10 °, the i.e. decrement of helical spring 133 are 86.8mm.Due to sieve
Component of the gravity along vertical filtering platform 131 less, is ignored in the angle of inclination for selecting platform 131, and watermelon is from main belt 212
On transport above Screening Platform 131, centre position of the main belt 212 just to Screening Platform 131, thus watermelon reach sieve
Centre in Screening Platform 131 when selecting platform 131, thus the compression stress that every helical spring 133 is received is 10N, can by Hu
Law：F=kx, tries to achieve coefficient of elasticity k=0.12N/mm of helical spring 133.
Assuming that watermelon weight is 4kg when Screening Platform 131 is in poised state, when the weight of watermelon is less than 4kg, due to
The initial position of Screening Platform 131 is exactly that the side supported to push rod 132 is tilted, and now the weight of watermelon is insufficient to allow screening
Platform 131 reach horizontal level, therefore Screening Platform 131 still to the side of push rod 132 inclination, watermelon can along design guiding
Passage flows to the side in compartment 11；When watermelon weight is more than 4kg, because the compression displacement of helical spring 133 has passed over water
Prosposition is put, and Screening Platform 131 tilts the side supported to helical spring 133, and watermelon also can guide to passage stream along design
To the other side in compartment 11；It is equal to 4kg or the watermelon in above and below 4kg small ranges for weight, due to now Screening Platform 131
It is generally horizontal, at this moment because the initial position of Screening Platform 131 is exactly inclined towards the side of push rod 132, watermelon is firm
Reach Screening Platform 131 to arrive in static course this period of Screening Platform 131, watermelon has towards the side of push rod 132
Initial velocity, even if last Screening Platform 131 is horizontal, watermelon is also due to inertia flows to the side of push rod 132.Also
Exactly because the initial position of Screening Platform 131 is inclined towards the side of push rod 132, similarly, the watermelon that quality is more than 4kg is just arrived
During up to Screening Platform 131, it is certain to producing an initial velocity towards the side of push rod 132, but because helical spring 133 compresses
Process time it is very short, when watermelon also has little time the lateral movement of push rod 132 1 or the moving displacement very little to Screening Platform 131,
Side of the Screening Platform 131 towards helical spring 133 is tilted, thus it is guaranteed that the watermelon flow direction that quality is more than 4kg is leaned on
The compartment 11 of the side of 131 helical spring of nearly Screening Platform 133.
Further, helical spring 133 is equipped with the thin bar for avoiding spring from collapsing under pressure, and the length of the thin bar is spiral
0.6 ~ 0.8 times of the length of spring 133, so as to ensure that spring compresses straight down in downward compression along vertical thin bar.
Further, Screening Platform 131 is provided with multiple guiding channels for watermelon to be separately oriented to, and guiding is logical
Road is provided with carpet covering.Now, watermelon is on the one hand avoided to collide and damage with guiding channel inwall, on the other hand, carpet covering
The rolling resistance of watermelon is added, the optimization design of the guiding channel gradient is added, and combine some decelerations in guiding channel
Band（The similar car deceleration plate with road）It can smooth out watermelon and the slow circulation in guiding channel, and then more enter one
Step avoids the damage of watermelon.The coefficient of rolling resistance of carpet covering and the Preliminary design of flap：It is sliding if watermelon weight is m
Kinetic frictional resistances coefficient is u, and carrying out force analysis to watermelon can obtain：Mg × sin (i)=umgcos (i), substitutes into i=18.4 °, obtains u
≈0.338.I.e. as u=0.338, watermelon does not have to be still on guiding channel during initial velocity, it is contemplated that watermelon is transported to roll
It is dynamic, therefore the coefficient of sliding friction of the carpet covering used should be between 0.6 ~ 0.8 preferably.Furthermore, it is contemplated that the vibration in compartment 11
The reason for Deng the influence moved to watermelon, a number of arc flap is set in guiding channel, to slow down watermelon
Speed.
In view of the influence of physical dimension, the length in half of compartment 11 is about 1500mm, has from transmission and takes the bottom of compartment 11 to
The height in portion is 500mm, so the design of the gradient is fixed tentatively as 18.4 ° of i=arctan (500/1500) ≈.It is in addition guarantee watermelon
Roll, should be turned to the inside in the design of guiding channel about 3 ~ 5 °, to ensure that watermelon is drawing along the inward flange of guiding channel
The corner of pathway smoothes out along bend and turned.
The application method of this watermelon harvester is as follows：Watermelon is positioned on time conveyer 22, secondary conveyer 22 will
Watermelon is sent on main conveyer 21；Watermelon is sent to progress gravity sieve at weight screening plant 13 by main conveyer 21
Choosing, the watermelon more than preset weight is sent to the side in compartment 11, and the watermelon no more than preset weight is sent to the another of compartment 11
Side；After piling watermelon after compartment 11, driving mechanisms control wheel 12 rotates to transport watermelon to appointed place.
Watermelon harvester proposed by the present invention, whole watermelon harvest only needs manpower field to pluck a process, and remaining is all
What machinery was completed, watermelon harvest process can be greatly simplified, efficiency of crop is substantially increased, the manual labor of people is reduced.Separately
Outer watermelon harvester also has the advantages that simple in construction, easy realization and reliable operation.
Present invention further propose that a kind of harvesting method of watermelon harvester.
In this preferred embodiment, a kind of harvesting method based on above-mentioned watermelon harvester comprises the following steps：
Watermelon is positioned on time conveyer, watermelon is sent on main conveyer by secondary conveyer；
Watermelon is sent to progress gravity screening at weight screening plant by main conveyer, and the watermelon more than preset weight is sent to
The side in compartment, the watermelon no more than preset weight is sent to the opposite side in compartment；
After piling watermelon after compartment, driving mechanisms control vehicle wheel rotation is so that watermelon is transported to appointed place.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are these are only, are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, it is every to utilize this hair
The equivalent structure transformation that bright specification and accompanying drawing content are made, or other related technical fields are directly or indirectly used in,
Similarly it is included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of watermelon harvester, it is characterised in that including drive mechanism, frame body and transport mechanism, wherein,
The frame body includes for the compartment for placing watermelon, the wheel positioned at car bottom and is installed on the compartment
Weight screening plant；
The transport mechanism includes being located at two main conveyers of weight screening plant both sides and is connected with the main conveyer
Secondary conveyer, the main conveyer and time conveyer are conveyer belt conveyer；
The drive mechanism is connected with wheel and main conveyer.
2. watermelon harvester as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that each main conveyer is correspondingly arranged transmission dress twice
Put, the belt pulley of the main conveyer is connected to be driven by straight bevel gear with time conveyer.
3. watermelon harvester as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the bottom in the compartment is provided with central shaft, center
Axle is connected by straight-tooth gear mechanism with motor, and the central shaft is connected by chain and sprocket driving device with wheel, the central shaft
It is connected to be driven with main conveyer by straight bevel gear.
4. watermelon harvester as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that the central shaft is lived by chain and sprocket driving device and wheel
Dynamic connection.
5. watermelon harvester as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that the belt pulley both sides of each main conveyer are equal
Straight bevel gear is provided with to be connected to be driven with central shaft.
6. watermelon harvester as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the weight screening plant include Screening Platform and
Push rod and helical spring for supporting Screening Platform, wherein,
Multiple push rods support the side of Screening Platform, and multiple helical springs support the opposite side of Screening Platform, screening
The initial position of platform is that the side supported to push rod is tilted.
7. watermelon harvester as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that the initial position of the Screening Platform is to push rod branch
The side of support tilts 10 ° ~ 15 °.
8. watermelon harvester as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that the helical spring is equipped with for avoiding spring quilt
The thin bar crushed, the length of the thin bar is 0.6 ~ 0.8 times of helical spring length.
9. watermelon harvester as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that the Screening Platform is used for watermelon provided with multiple
The guiding channel being separately oriented to, the guiding channel is provided with carpet covering.
10. a kind of harvesting method of the watermelon harvester based on described in any one in claim 1 to 9, it is characterised in that bag
Include following steps：
Watermelon is positioned on time conveyer, watermelon is sent on main conveyer by secondary conveyer；
Watermelon is sent to progress gravity screening at weight screening plant by main conveyer, and the watermelon more than preset weight is sent to
The side in compartment, the watermelon no more than preset weight is sent to the opposite side in compartment；
After piling watermelon after compartment, driving mechanisms control vehicle wheel rotation is so that watermelon is transported to appointed place.
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| CN110803333A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-02-18 | 杨达全 | Semi-automatic watermelon batch packaging harvester |
| CN113661828A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-11-19 | 中以集知(广州)科技有限公司 | Classifiable watermelon harvesting and transporting machine based on machine vision |
| CN114342655A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-15 | 江苏大学 | Encircling type field watermelon harvester |
| CN114902870A (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-08-16 | 宁夏农林科学院园艺研究所(宁夏设施农业工程技术研究中心) | Open-field watermelon track picking and collecting and packaging equipment |
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| CN114902870A (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-08-16 | 宁夏农林科学院园艺研究所(宁夏设施农业工程技术研究中心) | Open-field watermelon track picking and collecting and packaging equipment |
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| CN107258224B (en) | 2020-02-18 |
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