CN107230780A - A kind of lithium titanate composite electrode material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of lithium titanate composite electrode material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/626—Metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/628—Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention belongs to battery material technical field, and in particular to a kind of lithium titanate electrode material and preparation method thereof.It is coated with coating layer in the outside of lithium titanate anode material, and the clad is ferrocene.It is prepared by the method for the present invention obtained lithium titanate electrode material, good rate capability, can effectively suppresses material aerogenesis, first discharge specific capacity value is 170mAh/g, almost close to the theoretical specific capacity 175mAh/g of material.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to battery material technical field, and in particular to a kind of lithium titanate composite electrode material and its preparation side
Method.
Background technology
Negative material is one of critical material of lithium ion battery, at present, and the negative material used in lithium ion battery is most
For lithium intercalated graphite carbon material, still, this kind of material there are problems that in actual applications, e.g., first charge-discharge efficiency compared with
Low, charge and discharge process volume changes, and easily forms Li dendrite and causes short circuit, electrolyte decomposition is there is potential safety hazard etc..
By contrast, the lithium titanate with spinel structure, its theoretical capacity is 175mAh/g, and lithium ion is inserted in charge and discharge process
Material structure is had little to no effect with deintercalation, is referred to as " zero strain " material, charge and discharge platform is well and platform capacity is reachable puts
More than the 90% of capacitance, good cycle is not reacted with electrolyte, and preparation method is simple, and cost is relatively low.Therefore, point is brilliant at present
Stone-type lithium titanate with its excellent security feature and long circulation life have become commercial applications prospect extremely wide lithium from
Sub- cell negative electrode material.
Although lithium titanate has many outstanding advantages as lithium ion battery negative material, moreover, lithium ion at normal temperatures
Electrochemical diffusion coefficient be 2 × 10-8cm2/ s, more order of magnitude greater than Carbon anode, still, its intrinsic conductivity is relatively low, is only
10-9S/cm, belongs to typical insulator, poorly conductive, so as to cause poor-performing and special capacity fade during high power charging-discharging
Comparatively fast, heavy-current discharge performance is undesirable.The electric conductivity of material can be improved by doping, to obtain preferably quick charge and discharge
Electrical property and cycle performance.Chinese invention patent " the lithium titanate anode material extremely preparation method that a kind of yttrium is modified "
（CN102780005A）, the patent is prepared for the lithium titanate anode material that a kind of yttrium is modified using solid phase method, with good electricity
Chemical property and higher coulombic efficiency.Chinese invention patent " a kind of lithium titanate anode material of doped lanthanum extremely preparation method "
（CN 102637864A）, the patent is prepared for the lithium titanate anode material of La doped using solid phase method, passes through the Trace La that adulterates
Crystal grain has been refined, the chemical property of lithium titanate is improved.The mode of the single metal ion of above two doping has been achieved
The effect of benefit, but it is uneven so as to influence asking for chemical property that raw material mixing is easily produced when being prepared using solid phase method
Topic.Chinese invention patent " a kind of three-dimensional porous graphene doping and the preparation method of cladding lithium titanate composite anode material "
（CN102646810A）, a kind of three-dimensional porous graphene doping and the preparation method of cladding lithium titanate composite material are disclosed, is led to
Overdoping carbon material effectively improves the high magnification chemical property of lithium titanate anode material.But, three described in the patent
Dimension porous graphene material is handled by hydro-thermal method, and the lamella that still can not effectively suppress graphene is stacked and sintered
Agglomeration in journey, and in actual applications can aerogenesis, cycle performance can be caused to decay, this is limited to a certain extent
The performance of its performance.
Therefore, a kind of preparation method of exploitation is simple, excellent electric conductivity, excellent electrochemical performance under high magnification, can have again
Effect suppresses lithium titanate anode material aerogenesis, and the Lithium-titanate composite negative pole with good electrochemical cycle stability is institute
Belong to art problem.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solve above-mentioned technical problem there is provided a kind of good rate capability, can effectively suppress material production
The lithium titanate anode material of gas；Present invention also offers a kind of preparation method of lithium titanate anode material.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：
A kind of lithium titanate composite electrode material, it is coated with coating layer in the outside of lithium titanate anode material, and the clad is
The mixture of carbon and iron oxide.
Further, the clad accounts for the 1-3% of lithium titanate anode material gross weight.
Further, the composition of the lithium titanate anode material is：Li4Ti5-xNbxO12-YBrY.The wherein ＜ of 0 ＜ X ＜ 1,0
Y ＜ 1.4.
A kind of preparation method of above-mentioned electrode material, comprises the following steps：
（1）According to the composition of lithium titanate anode material, the lithium acetate, butyl titanate and niobium hydroxide of needs are calculated and weigh,
By lithium acetate, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide according to mol ratio be 0.3-0.5：0.02-0.2:1 ratio is dissolved in absolute ethyl alcohol
In, it is uniformly mixed to obtain mixture A；
（2）Mixture A is warming up to 70-90 DEG C, niobium hydroxide is slowly added dropwise under agitation into wherein, time for adding is
1-3h；
（3）By butyl titanate according to mol ratio be 0.2-0.5：1 ratio is dissolved in absolute ethyl alcohol, then in stirring condition
Under, by step（2）The reactant mixture of gained is added in the ethanol solution of butyl titanate, and gained mixing liquid exists
Evaporation is stirred under conditions of 80-90 DEG C and obtains gel；
（4）Ferrocene is added in above-mentioned gel, shake ball mill using three-dimensional high-speed carries out ball milling mixing, ball milling to raw material
Time is 1-2 hours, and shimmy frequency is 800 ~ 1100 revs/min, and then at 600-800 DEG C, 24- is calcined under inert gas shielding
36h, cools down to obtain the composite lithium titanate electrode material.
Further, step（1）Middle lithium acetate, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide it is molten according to mol ratio be 0.3:0.1:1
Ratio be dissolved in absolute ethyl alcohol.
Further, step（3）The mol ratio of middle butyl titanate and absolute ethyl alcohol is 0.3.
Further, step（4）Middle use dual temperature area rotary furnace is calcined, and setting boiler tube rotating speed is less than 3 revs/min,
Intermittent time is 1 minute.
The present invention has the advantages and positive effects of：
（1）Pass through metal ion Nb5+With nonmetallic ion Br-Codope mode, it is more more effective than single ion doping to improve lithium titanate
The electric conductivity of bulk material, has more significant facilitation for the raising of charging and discharging capacity and cycle performance..
（2）By the way of carbon and metal oxide are coated altogether, the advantage that carbon coating improves electric conductivity is on the one hand taken into account, separately
One side metal oxide cladding reinforces the effect of clad, can not influence or even can improve lithium titanate bulk material conduction
Property while, additionally it is possible to passing through firm mixing clad obstructs electrolyte contact with lithium titanate bulk material, suppresses to be electrolysed
The decomposition of liquid, reduces gas and produces.Carbon and the single carbon coating of metal oxide mixing cladding ratio and single metal oxide cladding
Become apparent from for improving lithium titanate anode material chemical property advantage.
（3）Raw material is sintered using dual temperature area rotary furnace, the electrode material prepared has more preferable homogeneity, material
The particle diameter of material is more homogeneous, it is to avoid agglomeration.
（4）A small amount of cetyl trimethylammonium bromide is added in preparation process, lithium titanate anode material can be improved
Cycle performance and first discharge specific capacity, electrode material produced by the present invention, first discharge specific capacity value is 170mAh/g, almost
Close to the theoretical specific capacity of material.
Brief description of the drawings
Electrode material uncoated Fig. 1（Comparative example 1）Electron microscope；
The electron microscope of the resulting materials of Fig. 2 embodiments 1；
The electron microscope of the resulting materials of Fig. 3 embodiments 2；
The electron microscope of the resulting materials of Fig. 4 embodiments 3.
Embodiment
The present invention is specifically described and illustrated below by embodiment：
Embodiment 1
A kind of lithium titanate composite electrode material, the clad is ferrocene, and clad accounts for the 1% of lithium titanate anode material gross weight,
The composition of lithium titanate anode material is：Li4Ti4.9Nb0.1O11.97Br0.03。
The preparation method of the material comprises the following steps：
（1）According to the composition of lithium titanate anode material, the lithium acetate, butyl titanate and niobium hydroxide of needs are calculated and weigh,
By lithium acetate, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide according to mol ratio be 0.3： 0.02:1 ratio is dissolved in absolute ethyl alcohol, stirring
It is well mixed to obtain mixture A；
（2）Mixture A is warming up to 70 DEG C, niobium hydroxide is slowly added dropwise under agitation into wherein, time for adding is 3h；
（3）By butyl titanate according to mol ratio be 0.2:1 ratio is dissolved in absolute ethyl alcohol, then under agitation, will
Step（2）The reactant mixture of gained is added in the ethanol solution of butyl titanate, and gained mixing liquid is at 90 DEG C
Under the conditions of stirring evaporation obtain gel；
（4）Ferrocene is added in above-mentioned gel, shake ball mill using three-dimensional high-speed carries out ball milling mixing, ball milling to raw material
Time is 1 hour, and shimmy frequency is 1100 revs/min, then calcines 36h under 600 DEG C, inert gas shielding, cools down to obtain institute
State lithium titanate electrode material.
Lithium ion battery is prepared using lithium titanate material made from the present embodiment as active material.With 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE
(NMP) it is solvent, by lithium titanate material made from embodiment 2 and conductive agent acetylene black and binding agent Kynoar (PVDF)
In mass ratio 8: 1: 1 be uniformly mixed after prepare slurry, be then coated on Al paper tinsels, be cold-pressed after drying and be washed into 14mm diameters
Sequin.Using obtained sequin as negative electrode, metal lithium sheet be to electrode, the microporous polypropylene membranes of Celgard 2400 be every
Film, 1M LiPF6/ (EC+DEC) (1: 1, volume ratio) solution is assembled into 2032 button half-cells for electrolyte.
Cyclic voltammetry and constant current charge-discharge test are then carried out, as a result first discharge specific capacity reaches 169mAh/g,
The chemical property of material is substantially undamped after being circulated 500 times under 1C multiplying powers, and stability is preferable.
Embodiment 2
A kind of lithium titanate composite electrode material, the clad is ferrocene, and clad accounts for the 3% of lithium titanate anode material gross weight,
The composition of lithium titanate anode material is：Li4Ti4.1Nb0.9O10.4Br1.6。
The preparation method of the material comprises the following steps：
（1）According to the composition of lithium titanate anode material, the lithium acetate, butyl titanate and niobium hydroxide of needs are calculated and weigh,
By lithium acetate, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide it is molten according to mol ratio be 0.5：0.2:1 ratio is dissolved in absolute ethyl alcohol, stirring
It is well mixed to obtain mixture A；
（2）Mixture A is warming up to 90 DEG C, niobium hydroxide is slowly added dropwise under agitation into wherein, time for adding is 1h；
（3）By butyl titanate according to mol ratio be 0.5:1 ratio is dissolved in absolute ethyl alcohol, then under agitation, will
Step（2）The reactant mixture of gained is added in the ethanol solution of butyl titanate, and gained mixing liquid is at 80 DEG C
Under the conditions of stirring evaporation obtain gel；
（4）Ferrocene is added in above-mentioned gel, shake ball mill using three-dimensional high-speed carries out ball milling mixing, ball milling to raw material
Time is 2 hours, and shimmy frequency is 800 revs/min, then calcines 24h under 800 DEG C, inert gas shielding, cools down described
Lithium titanate electrode material.
Lithium ion battery is prepared using lithium titanate material made from the present embodiment as active material.Preparation method be the same as Example 1.
Cyclic voltammetry and constant current charge-discharge test are then carried out, as a result first discharge specific capacity reaches 168mAh/g,
The chemical property of material is substantially undamped after being circulated 500 times under 1C multiplying powers, and stability is preferable.
Embodiment 3
A kind of lithium titanate composite electrode material, the clad is ferrocene, and clad accounts for the 2% of lithium titanate anode material gross weight,
The composition of lithium titanate anode material is：Li4Ti4.5Nb0.5O11Br1。
The preparation method of the material comprises the following steps：
（1）According to the composition of lithium titanate anode material, the lithium acetate, butyl titanate and niobium hydroxide of needs are calculated and weigh,
By lithium acetate, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide according to mol ratio be 0.4:0.1:1 ratio is dissolved in absolute ethyl alcohol, and stirring is mixed
Conjunction is uniform to obtain mixture A；
（2）Mixture A is warming up to 80 DEG C, niobium hydroxide is slowly added dropwise under agitation into wherein, time for adding is 2h；
（3）By butyl titanate according to mol ratio be 0.4:1 ratio is dissolved in absolute ethyl alcohol, then under agitation, will
Step（2）The reactant mixture of gained is added in the ethanol solution of butyl titanate, and gained mixing liquid is at 85 DEG C
Under the conditions of stirring evaporation obtain gel；
（4）Ferrocene is added in above-mentioned gel, shake ball mill using three-dimensional high-speed carries out ball milling mixing, ball milling to raw material
Time is 1.5 hours, and shimmy frequency is 1000 revs/min, then calcines 32h under 750 DEG C, inert gas shielding, cools down
The lithium titanate electrode material.
Lithium ion battery is prepared using lithium titanate material made from the present embodiment as active material.Preparation method be the same as Example 1.
Cyclic voltammetry and constant current charge-discharge test are then carried out, as a result first discharge specific capacity reaches 170mAh/g,
The chemical property of material is substantially undamped after being circulated 500 times under 1C multiplying powers, and stability is preferable.
Comparative example 1
Without removing corresponding steps in preparation process, other steps are same as Example 3 with constituting.
Lithium ion battery is prepared using lithium titanate material made from the present embodiment as active material.Preparation method be the same as Example 1.
Cyclic voltammetry and constant current charge-discharge test are then carried out, as a result first discharge specific capacity reaches 151mAh/g,
The capability retention of material is 77% after being circulated 500 times under 1C multiplying powers.
Comparative example 2
Adulterated without niobium, corresponding steps are removed in preparation process, other steps are same as Example 3 with constituting.
Lithium ion battery is prepared using lithium titanate material made from the present embodiment as active material.Preparation method be the same as Example 1.
Cyclic voltammetry and constant current charge-discharge test are then carried out, as a result first discharge specific capacity reaches 155mAh/g,
The capability retention of material is 68% after being circulated 500 times under 1C multiplying powers.
Comparative example 3
Without using cetyl trimethylammonium bromide in preparation process, it is constituted and preparation process is same as Example 3.
Lithium ion battery is prepared using lithium titanate material made from the present embodiment as active material.Preparation method be the same as Example 1.
Cyclic voltammetry and constant current charge-discharge test are then carried out, as a result first discharge specific capacity reaches 158mAh/g,
The capability retention of material is 70% after being circulated 500 times under 1C multiplying powers.
Can be seen that the preparation-obtained material surfaces of 1-3 of the embodiment of the present invention from Fig. 1-Fig. 4 has one layer of uniform cladding
Layer.
Flatulence is tested：Negative pole is used as by the use of above-described embodiment 1-3 and comparative example the 1-3 lithium titanate anode material prepared
Material, commercialization ternary electrode material is positive electrode, and the both positive and negative polarity pole piece of battery is respectively prepared, then above-mentioned both positive and negative polarity electricity
Pole piece, into battery core, injects electrolyte, soft-package battery is assembled into, to investigate its flatulence behavior and chemical property with membrane winding.
As a result show, after 5C high rate charge-discharges 2000 times, the flatulence of the soft-package battery prepared using embodiment 1-3 material
Phenomenon is significantly suppressed, and the thickness swelling of soft-package battery is averagely about 5%, hence it is evident that be used as negative material group less than comparative example 1-3
The 20% of the soft-package battery dressed up.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of lithium titanate composite electrode material, it is characterised in that be coated with coating layer in the outside of lithium titanate anode material, institute
It is carbon and the mixture of iron oxide to state clad.
2. electrode material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the clad accounts for lithium titanate anode material gross weight
1-3%。
3. electrode material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the composition of the lithium titanate anode material is：
Li4Ti5-xNbxO12-yBry。
4. the preparation method of any one of a kind of claim 1-3 electrode material, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
（1）According to the composition of lithium titanate anode material, the lithium acetate, butyl titanate and niobium hydroxide of needs are calculated and weigh,
By lithium acetate, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide according to mol ratio be 0.3-0.5：0.02-0.2:1 ratio is dissolved in absolute ethyl alcohol
In, it is uniformly mixed to obtain mixture A；
（2）Mixture A is warming up to 70-90 DEG C, niobium hydroxide is slowly added dropwise under agitation into wherein, time for adding is
1-3h；
（3）By butyl titanate according to mol ratio be 0.2-0.5:1 ratio is dissolved in absolute ethyl alcohol, then in stirring condition
Under, by step（2）The reactant mixture of gained is added in the ethanol solution of butyl titanate, and gained mixing liquid exists
Evaporation is stirred under conditions of 80-90 DEG C and obtains gel；
（4）Ferrocene is added in above-mentioned gel, shake ball mill using three-dimensional high-speed carries out ball milling mixing, ball milling to raw material
Time is 1-2 hours, and shimmy frequency is 800 ~ 1100 revs/min, and then at 600-800 DEG C, 24- is calcined under inert gas shielding
36h, cools down to obtain the lithium titanate composite electrode material.
5. method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that step（1）Middle lithium acetate, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide
Molten is 0.3 according to mol ratio:0.1:1 ratio is dissolved in absolute ethyl alcohol.
6. method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that step（3）Mole of middle butyl titanate and absolute ethyl alcohol
Than for 0.3.
7. method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that step（4）Middle use dual temperature area rotary furnace is calcined, if
Boiler tube rotating speed is determined less than 3 revs/min, and the intermittent time is 1 minute.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108232172A (en) * | 2018-01-27 | 2018-06-29 | 景德镇陶瓷大学 | A kind of preparation method and applications of di-iron trioxide/lithium titanate composite material |
| CN109546126A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-03-29 | 东北大学 | A kind of transition metal element doped carbon coating lithium titanate, preparation method and application |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102694154A (en) * | 2012-05-30 | 2012-09-26 | 中国科学技术大学 | Modified lithium ion battery cathode material and preparation method thereof |
| CN104577090A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-04-29 | 山东精工电子科技有限公司 | Method for preparing carbon and oxide composite modified lithium titanate material |
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2017
- 2017-05-27 CN CN201710387627.0A patent/CN107230780B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102694154A (en) * | 2012-05-30 | 2012-09-26 | 中国科学技术大学 | Modified lithium ion battery cathode material and preparation method thereof |
| CN104577090A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-04-29 | 山东精工电子科技有限公司 | Method for preparing carbon and oxide composite modified lithium titanate material |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108232172A (en) * | 2018-01-27 | 2018-06-29 | 景德镇陶瓷大学 | A kind of preparation method and applications of di-iron trioxide/lithium titanate composite material |
| CN108232172B (en) * | 2018-01-27 | 2019-12-06 | 景德镇陶瓷大学 | Preparation method and application of ferric oxide/lithium titanate composite material |
| CN109546126A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-03-29 | 东北大学 | A kind of transition metal element doped carbon coating lithium titanate, preparation method and application |
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