CN107226792B - 一种用于有机电致发光材料的有机化合物 - Google Patents

一种用于有机电致发光材料的有机化合物 Download PDF

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CN107226792B
CN107226792B CN201610176147.5A CN201610176147A CN107226792B CN 107226792 B CN107226792 B CN 107226792B CN 201610176147 A CN201610176147 A CN 201610176147A CN 107226792 B CN107226792 B CN 107226792B
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柏书周
刘刚
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EverDisplay Optronics Shanghai Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于有机电致发光材料的有机化合物,结构如通式(I)所示:
Figure DDA0000949616980000011
其中,A为C或N;R1,R2,R3各自独立地选自:C1‑C18的烷基,有取代或无取代的C1‑C26的芳烃基,有取代或无取代的C1‑C26的杂芳烃基。本发明设计的有机化合物可用于OLED器件的制作,具体可作为OLED发光层主体材料、发光层客体材料、电子传输层材料、空穴传输层材料,表现出不易结晶、宽能带、高Tg、且具有优异的溶解性和热稳定性等优异特性,具有应用于AMOLED产业的前景。

Description

一种用于有机电致发光材料的有机化合物
技术领域
本发明涉及一种有机电致发光材料,尤其涉及一种用于有机电致发光材料的有机化合物。
背景技术
目前,显示屏以TFT(Thin Film Transistor,薄膜场效应晶体管)-LCD为主,由于其为非自发光之显示器,因此必须透过背光源投射光线,并依序穿透TFT-LCD面板中之偏光板、玻璃基板、液晶层、彩色滤光片、玻璃基板、偏光板等相关零组件,最后进入人之眼睛成像,才能达到显示之功能。正是由于上述复杂的显示过程,其显示屏在实际应用过程中出现了反应速率慢、耗电、视角窄等缺点,不足以成为完美的显示屏。
有机电致发光被产业界和学术界誉为最有潜力的下一代平板显示技术,具有低功耗、宽视角、响应快、更轻更薄以及可柔性显示等优点。而有机电致发光材料据发光机理的不同可分为荧光材料和磷光材料。根据自旋量子统计理论,电子和空穴复合后形成的单线态和三线态激子的比例为1:3,因此,由单重态激子辐射衰减发射的荧光最大内量子效率为25%。而磷光材料能够通过系间窜越,实现混合了单重态和三重态的磷光发射,使得PHOLED在理论上的内量子效率为100%。
为了实现磷光器件的高效率,目前有机发光二极管器件中的发光层,大都使用主客发光体***地结构即将客发光体材料掺杂于主体材料中,这可以大大降低激子浓度过大引起的淬灭,尤其是磷光发光材料的三线态-三线态湮灭效应。因此,一般要求主体材料的能隙应该大于客发光体材料的能隙,否则容易发生能量从客发光体回转到主体材料而降低器件的效率,除此之外,还对主体材料在结晶性能以及玻璃化温度上有较高的要求。
然而,现有技术中的有机电致发光材料往往存在着易于结晶、Tg偏低、溶解性和热稳定性不理想的缺点。因此,寻求一种克服以上缺点的有机电致发光材料,是OLED材料研究工作中的重点与今后的研发趋势。
发明内容
为了能够更好地体现出OLED相对于TFT-LCD的跨时代技术优势,而且能够解决OLED材料现有技术在实际应用过程中出现的问题,本发明旨在提供一种不易结晶、宽能带、高Tg、且具有优异的溶解性和热稳定性的有机电致发光材料。
本发明的第一方面,提供了一种有机化合物,其为喹啉或喹唑啉衍生物,用于有机电致发光材料,其特征在于,其结构如通式(I)所示:
Figure BDA0000949616970000021
其中,A为C或N;R1,R2,R3各自独立地选自:C1-C18的烷基,有取代或无取代的C1-C26的芳烃基,有取代或无取代的C1-C26的杂芳烃基。
优选地,上述有机化合物中,所述R1选自以下任一种:
Figure BDA0000949616970000031
优选地,上述有机化合物中,所述R2选自以下任一种:
Figure BDA0000949616970000032
优选地,上述有机化合物中,所述R3选自以下任一种:
Figure BDA0000949616970000041
进一步优选地,所述有机化合物选自以下任一种:
Figure BDA0000949616970000051
Figure BDA0000949616970000061
本发明的第二方面,提供了一种OLED发光层客体材料,其特征在于,所述OLED发光层客体材料含有上述有机化合物。
本发明的第三方面,提供了一种OLED发光层主体材料,其特征在于,所述OLED发光层主体材料含有上述有机化合物。
本发明的第四方面,提供了一种OLED电子传输层材料,其特征在于,所述OLED电子传输层材料含有上述有机化合物。
本发明的第五方面,提供了一种OLED空穴传输层材料,其特征在于,所述OLED空穴传输层材料含有上述有机化合物。
本发明的第六方面,提供了一种OLED器件,其特征在于,所述OLED器件含有上述有机化合物。
有机电致发光材料的玻璃化转变温度对于器件的稳定性有极大的影响,一般而言,相对大的分子尺寸会带来玻璃化转变温度的提升,同时,分子间的空间效应也会有一定的增强作用。基于此,我们进行了以下设计:以喹啉或喹唑啉为母核,并设置C=C键,使得与C=C键相连的芳香环存在一定的二面角而不是完全共轭,即以具有上面所示通式(I)结构的喹啉或喹唑啉衍生物作为有机电致发光材料。这类结构的分子由于苯环和苯环之间以及苯环与C=C键之间的不完全共轭带来了2个优点:1)HOMO(最高占据分子轨道)和LUMO(最低空分子轨道)的能级差较大,不易产生能量回转;2)分子的不共平面使得不容易产生堆积作用而发生浓度淬灭效应。此外,通过引入具有电子传输性能或空穴传输性能的单元,可以提升材料的电子或空穴传输性能。因而,以本发明所提供的有机化合物作为有机电致发光材料,展示出以下优点:不易结晶、宽能带、高Tg、且具有优异的溶解性和热稳定性,浓度猝灭效应小,具有应用于AMOLED产业的前景。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步阐述,但本发明并不限于以下实施方式。
本发明的第一方面,提供了一种有机化合物,用于有机电致发光材料,其特征在于,其结构如通式(I)所示:
Figure BDA0000949616970000071
其中,A为C或N;R1,R2,R3各自独立地选自:C1-C18的烷基,有取代或无取代的C1-C26的芳烃基,有取代或无取代的C1-C26的杂芳烃基。
在一个优选实施例中,上述有机化合物中,所述R1选自以下任一种:
Figure BDA0000949616970000081
在一个优选实施例中,上述有机化合物中,所述R2选自以下任一种:
Figure BDA0000949616970000091
在一个优选实施例中,上述有机化合物中,所述R3选自以下任一种:
Figure BDA0000949616970000092
Figure BDA0000949616970000101
在一个进一步优选的实施例中,所述有机化合物选自以下任一种:
Figure BDA0000949616970000102
Figure BDA0000949616970000111
Figure BDA0000949616970000121
本发明的第二方面,提供了一种OLED发光层客体材料,其特征在于,所述OLED发光层客体材料含有上述有机化合物。
本发明的第三方面,提供了一种OLED发光层主体材料,其特征在于,所述OLED发光层主体材料含有上述有机化合物。
本发明的第四方面,提供了一种OLED电子传输层材料,其特征在于,所述OLED电子传输层材料含有上述有机化合物。
本发明的第五方面,提供了一种OLED空穴传输层材料,其特征在于,所述OLED空穴传输层材料含有上述有机化合物。
本发明的第六方面,提供了一种OLED器件,其特征在于,所述OLED器件含有上述有机化合物。
此外,如通式(Ⅰ)所示的有机化合物的合成方法,如下所示:
实施例1化合物2的合成
Figure BDA0000949616970000122
在此实施例中,以化合物2为例,从而详细说明如通式(Ⅰ)所示的有机化合物的合成方法;其中,化合物2的合成总路线如下:
Figure BDA0000949616970000131
(1)合成SM-2
将SM-1(12.7g,100mmol)和(17.1g,120mmol)溶解在干燥的甲醇(10ml)中,在氮气保护的状态下,回流24小时。过滤得固体,80℃烘烤2小时得到固体白色粗品23.5g,向粗品中加入Dowtherm A(100ml),回流30分钟,降温到40℃,倒入200ml石油醚,搅拌至室温,过滤得到SM-2白色固体19.8g,HPLC测定含量=99.8%,收率=83.5%。
(2)合成SM-3
将SM-2(10.0g,42.1mmol)加入至甲苯(100ml)中,并加入三氯氧磷(12.9g,84.2mmol),接着回流1小时,浓缩得到SM-3黄色固体10.8g,HPLC测定含量=99.6%,收率=100%。
(3)合成SM-4
将SM-3(10.8g,42.1mmol),甲基硼酸(3.0g,50.5mmol),碳酸钾(17.4g,126.3mmol)和Pd(dppf)Cl2(307mg,0.42mmol)加入至甲苯(150ml)中,回流12小时;然后冷却至室温,待大量固体析出,过滤,水洗,干燥得到白色固体5.1g,HPLC测定含量=96%,收率=51%。
(4)合成SM-5
将SM-4(5.1g,21.7mmol)、乙酸亚铁(6.6g,43.4mmol)和三氟乙酸(4.9g,43.4mmol)加入到甲苯(100ml)中,在氮气保护下100℃搅拌24小时,冷却至室温,过滤,浓缩,过硅胶柱(200-300目),洗脱剂为(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=1:1),浓缩得到白色固体4.3g,HPLC测定含量=98%,收率=58%。
(5)合成SM-6
将SM-5(4.3g,12.7mmol)和LiOH(916mg,38.1mmol)加入至四氢呋喃(50ml)和水(20ml)中,室温搅拌6小时;然后浓缩,用6N盐酸调节PH=8,待大量固体析出,过滤得固体,水洗(100ml*3),烘干得到白色固体3.9g,HPLC测定含量=99%,收率=94.5%。
(6)合成SM-7
将SM-6(3.9g,12mmol)和三乙胺(3.4g,36mmol)加入至甲苯中(100ml),加热回流;分批加入叠氮磷酸二苯酯(6.6g,24mmol),接着回流12小时,然后冷却至室温,待大量固体析出,过滤得固体,石油醚洗涤(20ml*3),烘干得到白色固体2.9g,HPLC测定含量=97.1%,收率=83%。
(7)合成SM-8
将SM-7(5.0g,17mmol)悬浮在48%氢溴酸水溶液(80ml)中,降温到0℃,慢慢滴加NaNO2(2.3g,34mmol)的水溶液,并维持在0℃下搅拌3小时;之后倒入冰水中,用乙酸乙酯萃取(100ml*2),水洗(30ml*3),无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,过硅胶柱,洗脱剂用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=1/1,浓缩得到3.1g白色固体,HPLC测定含量=97.1%,收率=50.6%。
(8)合成SM-9
将SM-8(3.0g,8.4mmol),苯硼酸(1.1g,9.2mmol),碳酸钾(3.5g,25.3mmol)和Pd(PPh3)4(971mg,0.84mmol)加入至甲苯(80ml)和水(10ml)中,回流2小时,然后冷却至室温,待大量固体析出,过滤,水洗,干燥得到白色固体2.8g,HPLC测定含量=95%,收率=92%。
(9)合成目标产物
将SM-9(2.8g,7.9mmol),9,9-二甲基芴-2-硼酸(2.3g,9.5mmol),碳酸钾(3.3g,23.7mmol)和Pd(PPh3)4(913mg,0.79mmol)加入至甲苯(80ml)和水(10ml)中,回流2小时,然后冷却至室温,待大量固体析出,过滤,水洗,甲苯重结晶2次,升华1次,得到黄色固体化合物2,即目标产物,1.2g,HPLC测定含量=99.5%,收率=29.1%。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,δ(ppm)=8.27(1H),7.99-7.9(3H),7.88-7.51(8H),7.38-7.00(9H),6.8(1H),2.35(3H),1.67(6H)。
实施例2含化合物1、2、5、8、14、19、20、24的OLED器件制备
OLED器件S1
将透明阳极电极ITO基板在异丙醇中超声清洗5~10分钟,并暴露在紫外光下20~30分钟,随后用等离子体处理5~10分钟,之后将处理后的ITO基板放入蒸镀设备。首先,蒸镀一层30~50nm的NPB作为空穴传输层;然后混合蒸镀化合物1(客体材料)以及5~10%的TBPe作为发光层;随后蒸镀20~40nm的Alq3;再蒸镀0.5~2nm LiF;最后蒸镀100~200nm的金属Al,获得OLED器件S1:ITO/NPB/化合物1:TBPe/Alq3/LiF/Al。
OLED器件S2-S8
OLED器件S2-S8的制备方法与OLED器件S1相同,其中:化合物2和5分别在S2和S3中作为客体材料制备发光层;化合物8、14和19分别在S4、S5、S6中作为电子传输层材料;化合物20在S7中作为主体材料制备发光层;化合物24在S8中作为空穴传输层材料;所述OLED器件S2至S8的结构简式表示如下:
S2:ITO/NPB/化合物2:TBPe/Alq3/LiF/Al;
S3:ITO/NPB/化合物5:TBPe/Alq3/LiF/Al;
S4:ITO/NPB/CBP:TBPe/化合物8/LiF/Al;
S5:ITO/NPB/CBP:TBPe/化合物14/LiF/Al;
S6:ITO/NPB/CBP:TBPe/化合物19/LiF/Al;
S7:ITO/NPB/化合物20:TBPe/Alq3/LiF/Al;
S8:ITO/化合物24/CBP:TBPe/Alq3/LiF/Al。
其中,所使用的化合物CBP、NPB、TBPe的结构式如下:
Figure BDA0000949616970000161
实施例3OLED器件制备对比例
将透明阳极电极ITO基板在异丙醇中超声清洗5~10分钟,并暴露在紫外光下20~30分钟,随后用等离子体处理5~10分钟。随后将处理后的ITO基板放入蒸镀设备。首先,蒸镀一层30~50nm的NPB作为空穴传输层;然后混合蒸镀CBP以及5~10%的Ir(ppy)3作为空穴传输层;随后蒸镀20~40nm的Alq3作为电子传输层;再蒸镀0.5~2nm LiF;最后蒸镀100~200nm的金属Al,获得OLED器件D:ITO/NPB/CBP:TBPe/Alq3/LiF/Al。
在1000nits条件下,检测上述OLED器件S1-S8以及D,所得检测数据见下表1;其中,Driver Voltage表示驱动电压,Cd表示电流效率,CIEx、CIEy代表色坐标。
器件 Cd/A Driver Voltage CIEx CIEy
D 8cd/A 4.6V 0.13 0.64
S1 7.3cd/A 4.1V 0.13 0.64
S2 6.8cd/A 4.2V 0.13 0.64
S3 6.6cd/A 3.8V 0.13 0.64
S4 7.5cd/A 4.0V 0.13 0.64
S5 6.9cd/A 4.3V 0.13 0.64
S6 7.2cd/A 4.2V 0.13 0.64
S7 7.3cd/A 4.4V 0.13 0.64
S8 7.4cd/A 4.1V 0.13 0.64
表1
由表1可知,相较于OLED器件D,包含本发明所提供的有机化合物的OLED器件S1-S8所需的驱动电压更低、发光效率更高、色坐标更好。
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了详细描述,但其只是作为范例,本发明并不限制于以上描述的具体实施例。对于本领域技术人员而言,任何对本发明进行的等同修改和替代也都在本发明的范畴之中。因此,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围下所作的均等变换和修改,都应涵盖在本发明的范围内。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于有机电致发光材料的有机化合物,其特征在于,结构式为:
Figure FDA0002488903000000011
2.一种OLED发光层客体材料,其特征在于,所述OLED发光层客体材料含有权利要求1中所述的有机化合物。
3.一种OLED发光层主体材料,其特征在于,所述OLED发光层主体材料含有权利要求1中所述的有机化合物。
4.一种OLED电子传输层材料,其特征在于,所述OLED电子传输层材料含有权利要求1中所述的有机化合物。
5.一种OLED空穴传输层材料,其特征在于,所述OLED空穴传输层材料含有权利要求1中所述的有机化合物。
6.一种OLED器件,其特征在于,所述OLED器件含有权利要求1中所述的有机化合物。
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