CN107206750B - 复合材料构造体 - Google Patents

复合材料构造体 Download PDF

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CN107206750B
CN107206750B CN201580075221.8A CN201580075221A CN107206750B CN 107206750 B CN107206750 B CN 107206750B CN 201580075221 A CN201580075221 A CN 201580075221A CN 107206750 B CN107206750 B CN 107206750B
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metal component
composite material
material structure
structure body
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CN107206750A (zh
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滨田幸宏
大久保洋志
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D29/00—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof
    • B62D29/001—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof characterised by combining metal and synthetic material
    • B62D29/005—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof characterised by combining metal and synthetic material preformed metal and synthetic material elements being joined together, e.g. by adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
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    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/266—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/28—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer comprising a deformed thin sheet, i.e. the layer having its entire thickness deformed out of the plane, e.g. corrugated, crumpled
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/028—Net structure, e.g. spaced apart filaments bonded at the crossing points
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/14—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts, e.g. denser near its faces
    • B32B5/142—Variation across the area of the layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
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    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
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    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
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    • B62D25/20—Floors or bottom sub-units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2250/03—3 layers
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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

复合材料构造体(1)具备：金属构件(2)，其由金属形成，以沿着主面的第1方向(X)上的热膨胀率比沿着主面且与第1方向(X)正交的第2方向(Y)上的热膨胀率大的方式形成为平板状；树脂构件(4)，其由纤维强化树脂形成，粘贴于金属构件(2)的主面，以沿着第2方向(Y)的纤维的量比沿着第1方向(X)的纤维的量多的方式形成。

Description

复合材料构造体
技术领域
本发明涉及使用了金属和纤维强化树脂的复合材料构造体。
背景技术
公开了一种如下技术：为了效率良好地吸收来自外部的输入载荷，在铝、铝合金、镁、镁合金等轻金属的载荷承接零部件粘贴有碳纤维强化塑料(CFRP)(参照专利文献1)。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：国际公开第99/10168号
发明内容
然而，专利文献1所记载的技术由于热膨胀率在轻金属与CFRP之间不同，因此，为了吸收粘贴后的由热导致的伸长变形量之差，需要特别的粘接剂，或难以利用CFRP的基体树脂在轻金属上进行模制。
本发明基于上述问题点，目的在于提供一种可减少由金属与纤维强化树脂之间的热膨胀率之差造成的影响的复合材料构造体。
复合材料构造体具备金属构件和树脂构件。金属构件由金属形成，以沿着主面的第1方向上的热膨胀率比沿着主面且与第1方向正交的第2方向上的热膨胀率大的方式形成为平板状。树脂构件由纤维强化树脂形成，粘贴于金属构件的主面，以沿着第2方向的纤维的量比沿着第1方向的纤维的量多的方式形成。
附图说明
图1是说明具备本发明的实施方式的复合材料构造体的汽车的车底板的立体图。
图2是从图1的A-A方向观察的局部剖视图。
图3是说明本发明的实施方式的复合材料构造体的剖视图。
图4是说明本发明的实施方式的复合材料构造体所具备的树脂材料的俯视图。
图5是说明本发明的实施方式的复合材料构造体所具备的金属材料产生了热膨胀的状态的剖视图。
图6是说明本发明的实施方式的复合材料构造体的变形例的剖视图。
图7是说明本发明的另一实施方式的复合材料构造体的剖视图。
具体实施方式
参照附图来说明本发明的实施方式。在附图的记载中，对相同或类似的部分标注相同或类似的附图标记，省略重复的说明。此外，附图是示意性的，存在各尺寸的关系、比例等与实际的各尺寸的关系、比例不同的情况。
(复合材料构造体)
例如，如图1和图2所示，本发明的实施方式的复合材料构造体1用作汽车的车身前部10所具备的车底板11。此外，复合材料构造体1既可以适用于车身的前围板、车顶板等，也可以适用于车身前部10所具备的侧外板12、车底板通道13、横梁14等。
如图3所示，复合材料构造体1具备：金属构件2，其由金属形成，形成为平板状；片状的树脂构件4，其由纤维强化树脂形成，粘贴到金属构件2的两主面。金属构件2由例如铝、铝合金、镁、镁合金等轻金属形成。树脂构件4由热膨胀率比金属构件2的材料的热膨胀率小的纤维强化树脂形成，例如由碳纤维强化塑料(CFRP)形成。
金属构件2以沿着主面的第1方向(X轴方向)上的热膨胀率比沿着主面且与第1方向正交的第2方向(Y轴方向)上的热膨胀率大的方式形成。金属构件2是通过例如以第1方向为金属的挤压方向的挤压成形形成的。金属构件2也可以通过弯曲加工、铸造等其他加工法形成。
金属构件2以从第1方向观察的截面形状恒定的方式形成。金属构件2具有：外侧的表面构成金属构件2的主面的多个主面部21；以及，通过在主面部21的第2方向的各端部22弯曲而与另一面侧的主面部21的各端部22连结的多个连结部23。主面部21和连结部23分别是平板状。主面部21和连结部23通过以在端部22处被弯曲的方式进行连结，能够提高金属构件2的与第1方向以及第2方向正交的第3方向(Z轴方向)上的强度。
主面部21以端部22与相邻的另一主面部21的端部22具有间隙部20地分开的方式分别在金属构件2的在第3方向上的两面侧配置有多个。即、金属构件2以各主面在第1方向上连续、在第2方向上不连续的方式形成。
金属构件2的两主面与树脂构件4利用粘接剂3彼此粘贴。粘接剂3具有厚度形成得比其他部位的厚度薄的薄壁部31。薄壁部31形成于主面部21的外侧的表面，是由厚度形成得比其他部位的厚度厚的厚壁部24形成的。厚壁部24和薄壁部31在第2方向上周期性地定位。厚壁部24位于例如各主面部21的第2方向的中央部。
粘接剂3具有通过进入被相对的两个端部22夹着的间隙部20而形成的、向内侧方向突出的锚固部32。粘接剂3通过具有被相对的两个端部22夹着的锚固部32，产生锚固效果，能够使相对于金属构件2的粘接力提高。
如图4所示，树脂构件4以沿着第2方向的纤维42的量比沿着第1方向的纤维41的量多的方式形成。即、树脂构件4以第2方向上的热膨胀率比第1方向上的热膨胀率小的方式形成。
若复合材料构造体1被加热，则如图5所示，金属构件2产生热膨胀。在图5中，热膨胀前的金属构件2以双点划线表示，热膨胀后的金属构件2以实线表示。若主面部21热膨胀，则沿着第2方向伸长，被相对的两个端部22夹着的间隙部20变窄。间隙部20作为热膨胀时的余量发挥功能，从而金属构件2的第2方向上的热膨胀率比第1方向上的热膨胀率小。
粘接剂3在薄壁部31处将金属构件2与树脂构件4牢固地粘接。若复合材料构造体1被加热，则由于金属构件2的热膨胀率比树脂构件4的热膨胀率大，因此粘接剂3的形成得较厚的、除了薄壁部31之外的区域在主面部21与树脂构件4之间产生比薄壁部31的剪切变形大的剪切变形。由于粘接剂3产生剪切变形，作为对由金属构件2与树脂构件4之间的热膨胀导致的位移量之差进行吸收的缓冲层发挥功能。薄壁部31在第2方向上位于各主面部21的中央部，因此，剪切变形较小，损伤较小。
间隙部20形成为粘接剂3和树脂构件4的基体树脂40(参照图4)不进入超过金属构件2的主面部21的区域(被连结部23夹着的区域)的程度的宽度。间隙部20的宽度是例如几毫米左右，在各主面部21的第2方向上的宽度是20mm～30mm左右时，能够设为1mm～2mm左右。间隙部20在将基体树脂40在配置有纤维41、42的金属构件2上进行模制之际防止基体树脂40向金属构件2的内侧方向流入。
根据本发明的实施方式的复合材料构造体1，以较多地取向的纤维42沿着金属构件2的热膨胀率较小的方向的方式粘贴金属构件2和树脂构件4，因此，能够减少由金属与纤维强化树脂之间的热膨胀率之差造成的影响。因而，在使用粘接剂的情况下除了不需要特殊的粘接剂之外，容易相对于金属构件2进行基体树脂40的模制(树脂传递成型：RTM)。
另外，根据复合材料构造体1，金属构件2的主面以在第1方向连续、第2方向不连续的方式形成，因此，能够利用挤压成形等容易地形成第2方向上的热膨胀率较小的金属构件2。
另外，根据复合材料构造体1，通过粘接剂3具有薄壁部31，能够将金属构件2和树脂构件4在薄壁部31处牢固地粘接。而且，通过薄壁部31在第2方向上周期性地定位，能够作为在粘接剂3硬化之际的锚固部发挥功能，减少复合材料构造体1的翘曲。
(变形例)
在上述的实施方式中，对在端部22处两面侧的主面部21被连结部23连结的金属构件2进行了说明，但即使金属构件2的截面形状是其他形状，也能够起到与复合材料构造体1的作用和效果同样的作用和效果。
如图6所示，本发明的实施方式的变形例的复合材料构造体1A具备利用在与主面部21A的端部22A分开的部位连结的连结部23A将第3方向上的两侧的主面部21A彼此连结的金属构件2A。主面部21A以端部22A与相邻的另一主面部21A的端部22A具有间隙部20A地分开的方式分别在金属构件2A的第3方向上的两面侧配置多个。连结部23A以沿着例如第3方向的方式形成。
与金属构件2同样地，金属构件2A以第1方向上的热膨胀率比第2方向上的热膨胀率大的方式形成。另外，金属构件2A以从第1方向观察的截面形状恒定的方式形成。
在图6中，图示连结部23沿着第3方向的情况，但是，其是例示，各连结部23也可以设为相对于第3方向具有倾斜。在该情况下，期望的是，与图3等同样地，各连结部23的倾斜的方向在第2方向上互不相同。
(其他的实施方式)
如上所述，利用上述的实施方式记载了本发明，但不应该理解构成该公开的一部分的叙述和附图用于限定本发明。根据该公开本领域技术人员能够得出各种代替实施方式、实施例和运用技术是显而易见的。
例如，在已经叙述的实施方式中，如图7所示，厚壁部24也可以是相对于第2方向上的各主面部21的中央部偏离地配置。另外，如图7所示，厚壁部24和薄壁部31的第2方向配置的周期(间距)未必需要与主面部21的周期一致，在第2方向上周期性地定位即可。
除了上述之外，本发明当然包括相互地应用上述的各构成而成的构成等在此没有记载的各种实施方式等。因而，本发明的保护范围仅由根据上述的说明恰当的权利要求书涉及的发明特定技术特征而确定。
产业上的可利用性
根据本发明，能够提供一种通过以沿着金属构件的热膨胀率较小的方向的方式使纤维强化树脂的纤维优先取向、能够减少由金属与纤维强化树脂之间的热膨胀率之差造成的影响的复合材料构造体。
附图标记说明
1、1A、复合材料构造体；2、2A、金属构件；3、粘接剂；4、树脂构件；20、间隙部；21、21A、主面部(主面)；31、薄壁部；41、42、纤维。

Claims (3)

1.一种复合材料构造体，其特征在于，
该复合材料构造体具备：
金属构件，其由金属形成，以沿着主面的第1方向上的热膨胀率比沿着所述主面且与所述第1方向正交的第2方向上的热膨胀率大的方式形成为平板状；
树脂构件，其由纤维强化树脂形成，粘贴于所述金属构件的主面，以沿着所述第2方向的纤维的量比沿着所述第1方向的纤维的量多的方式形成，
所述金属构件以主面在所述第1方向上连续、在所述第2方向上不连续的方式形成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料构造体，其特征在于，
所述金属构件的主面与所述树脂构件利用粘接剂彼此粘贴，
所述粘接剂具有厚度形成比其他部位的厚度薄的薄壁部。
3.根据权利要求2所述的复合材料构造体，其特征在于，
所述薄壁部在所述第2方向上周期性地定位。
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