CN107198519B - Novel sweat-absorbing fabric electrode - Google Patents

Novel sweat-absorbing fabric electrode Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107198519B
CN107198519B CN201710527136.1A CN201710527136A CN107198519B CN 107198519 B CN107198519 B CN 107198519B CN 201710527136 A CN201710527136 A CN 201710527136A CN 107198519 B CN107198519 B CN 107198519B
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China
Prior art keywords
conductive
fabric electrode
sweat
cloth
conductive cloth
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CN201710527136.1A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN107198519A (en
Inventor
舒琳
徐向民
陈灿
徐天源
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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Priority to CN201710527136.1A priority Critical patent/CN107198519B/en
Publication of CN107198519A publication Critical patent/CN107198519A/en
Priority to PCT/CN2017/111894 priority patent/WO2019000808A1/en
Priority to US16/490,505 priority patent/US11191472B2/en
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Abstract

The invention relates to a novel sweat-absorbent fabric electrode, which comprises a fabric electrode body and an electric coupling piece, wherein the fabric electrode body comprises conductive foam and conductive cloth wrapped outside the conductive foam, and the electric coupling piece is fixed on the conductive cloth; the conductive cloth contacted with the skin of the human body is provided with through holes. The fabric electrode has the advantages of light weight, small volume, soft texture, good air permeability, good skin adhesion, sweat absorption capacity, and capability of preventing the phenomenon of short circuit between electrodes caused by sweat when a human body sweats, is suitable for acquiring bioelectric signals under the condition of the human body sweats, and can be applied to bioelectric signal monitoring in high-temperature and high-humidity environments and daily sports occasions.

Description

Novel sweat-absorbing fabric electrode
Technical Field
The invention relates to wearable electronic and sensor technology, in particular to a fabric electrode for acquiring bioelectric signals.
Background
With the development of science and technology, people are increasingly concerned about physical and psychological health conditions. Various bioelectric signals of the human body, such as brain electricity, heart electricity, myoelectricity, etc., can reflect physiological or psychological characteristics of the human body. Through some signal acquisition means, these signals of human body are acquired and analyzed and processed, so that effective human body data information can be obtained, and further the health degree or emotion state of the human body can be analyzed.
The electrode is a medium for directly connecting the signal acquisition equipment with human skin, and the quality of the signal acquisition is greatly influenced by the contact quality and the contact impedance of the electrode with the human skin. When multi-point bioelectric signal monitoring is performed in environments such as movement of a human body, hot weather, high temperature and high humidity, etc., regions such as forehead, arms, etc. are liable to cause short-circuiting between electrodes due to much sweat, because of the moisture in sweat and the conductivity of NaCl electrolyte. In this case the effect of a conventional wet electrode or some conductive silicone dry electrode would be affected. Therefore, in order to dynamically monitor bioelectric signals of a human body during exercise or under solar exposure, an electrode capable of effectively absorbing sweat needs to be designed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides the sweat-absorbing fabric electrode which can quickly and effectively absorb sweat discharged by a human body, avoid the occurrence of an inter-electrode short circuit phenomenon in a sweat area and is used for monitoring bioelectric signals in a non-hair or less-hair area when the sweat of the human body is more.
The technical scheme for solving the problems is as follows: the novel sweat-absorbent fabric electrode comprises a fabric electrode body and an electric coupling piece, wherein the fabric electrode body comprises conductive foam and conductive cloth wrapped outside the conductive foam, and the electric coupling piece is fixed on the conductive cloth; the conductive cloth contacted with the skin of the human body is provided with through holes.
Preferably, the fabric electrode body further comprises a sweat absorbing layer between the conductive foam and the conductive cloth.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the fabric electrode provided by the invention is wrapped by conductive sponge by adopting conductive cloth, has soft, light and comfortable texture, is rich in elasticity, can bear certain pressure, has good conductivity and lower contact resistance, and is tightly attached to skin.
2. Because the sponge has good water absorption performance, the conductive sponge is applied to the collection of bioelectric signals in a region with more human sweat, and the sweat contains a certain proportion of NaCl (300 mg/100 ml) which is a strong electrolyte, so that the sweat has stronger conductivity. When sweat is immersed into the conductive foam, naCl solution is filled in the conductive foam, the conductivity of the electrode is obviously enhanced, the contact impedance of the skin and the electrode is reduced, a better signal acquisition effect is achieved, and inter-electrode short circuit or crosstalk caused by sweat is avoided.
3. The electrode has simple structure and low cost, and is suitable for monitoring bioelectric signals in forehead, arms and other areas.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of an embodiment of the present invention, in which (a) is a front view of an electrode, (b) is a side view of the electrode, and (c) is a rear view of the electrode;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an electrode structure according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the electrode of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1 (a), (b) and (c), the sweat-absorbent fabric electrode of the present invention comprises a fabric electrode body and an electrical connector 4, wherein the fabric electrode body comprises a conductive fabric 1, a conductive foam 2 and a sweat-absorbent layer 3, the conductive fabric 1 is wrapped on the outer layers of the conductive foam 2 and the sweat-absorbent layer 3, and the sweat-absorbent layer is located between the conductive foam and the conductive fabric to form the fabric electrode body. The electric connector is a metal conductive snap fastener 4 which is fixed on the conductive cloth 1 and is used for being connected with the signal acquisition device.
The conductive cloth is made by electroplating a metal material or coating a conductive material layer on the cloth, wherein the metal material can be gold, silver, nickel or copper, and the conductive material can be graphene or PEDOT. The conductive foam is made of polymer composite material through foaming technology, and is subjected to PVD conductive treatment, so that the conductive foam has omnibearing conductivity. The conductive foam is cuboid or other shapes, the thickness of the conductive foam is 3mm-8mm, and the area of the conductive foam with the length multiplied by the width is adjustable. The sweat absorbing layer is a cloth with strong sweat absorbing capability, and can be conductive cloth or insulating cloth. Because the conductive foam itself has sweat absorbing performance, the sweat absorbing layer is not necessary in the technical scheme of the invention, but is preferable; if there is no sweat-absorbing layer, the electrode body contains only conductive cloth and conductive foam.
The inner surface of the conductive cloth is provided with a layer of adhesive layer used for bonding the conductive cloth, the conductive foam and the sweat absorbing layer, and the adhesive layer can be conductive adhesive or other adhesive layers. The fixed connection of the conductive cloth, the conductive foam and the sweat absorbing layer can also adopt a mode of stitching and fixing conductive wires.
In order to make the fabric electrode obtain better ventilation and sweat absorption effects, the invention is provided with a plurality of through holes on the conductive cloth contacted with the skin of the human body, so that the skin can be directly contacted with the sweat absorption layer or the conductive foam; the shape of the through hole can be round, and other shapes can be selected. The present invention may also provide a larger prismatic through hole directly in the conductive cloth, as shown in fig. 2, so that the sweat absorbing layer is more fully in direct contact with the skin through the prismatic hole area. The sweat absorbing region of the fabric electrode with the structure shown in fig. 2 is concentrated, and the sweat absorbing performance is good. The invention can also be additionally provided with a layer of conductive cloth with the knitting density smaller than that of the conductive cloth at the through holes in the figure 1 or the figure 2, and the speed of absorbing sweat by the conductive foam is increased due to the smaller knitting density, thereby playing a role similar to that of the through holes.
The electric coupling piece is a metal conductive snap fastener, and the metal material of the electric coupling piece is gold, silver, copper or platinum. The electric connector can be connected and fixed with the fabric electrode body through snap fasteners and riveting.
The resistance of a material can be calculated by the resistance formula r=ρl/S, where ρ is the resistivity of the material, L is the length of the material, and S is the cross-sectional area of the material. The cross-sectional area S of the fabric electrode body designed in the present invention should be the area of the surface parallel to the skin-contacting surface, and the length L is the thickness of the fabric electrode body. Therefore, the thickness of the conductive foam of the fabric electrode body should not be too thick, and the surface area in contact with the skin should be as large as possible, in view of the impedance of the electrode itself. Meanwhile, from the aspects of wearing comfort and miniaturized wearable electronic technology, particularly when the signals of the electroencephalogram signal 32 leads or the electroencephalogram signal 64 leads are acquired, the electrodes are not required to be excessively large. In the implementation process, various designs and experiments are carried out on the size of the electrode, in order to ensure that the impedance of the fabric electrode is smaller than 10KΩ at 10Hz (the bioelectric signal collecting effect of the electrode is almost not different from that of the traditional wet electrode at the resistance value), the thickness of the conductive foam is preferably kept between 3mm and 8mm, and the cross-sectional area of the fabric electrode body is preferably 100mm 2 -1600mm 2 For example, conductive foam having a length and width of 10mm×10mm to 40mm×40mm is selected. When the electrode is designed, the setting of the cross-sectional area of the electrode can be automatically determined according to the measured impedance value.
As shown in FIG. 3, the resistivity of the conductive foam is 10 in the equivalent circuit diagram of the electrode of the present invention 5 The sweat-absorbing layer cloth can be insulating material and conductive cloth with about omega-m differenceThe resistivity of the metal coating or conductive material layer is 10 -6 -10 -8 The resistivity of the conductive cloth is obviously lower than that of the conductive foam and sweat absorbing layer cloth. In the structure of the invention, the conductive cloth can be regarded as a resistor with a resistance value of R1, the conductive foam and the sweat absorbing layer cloth can be regarded as two resistors connected in series, namely R2 and R3, and the conductive cloth and the conductive foam can be regarded as two resistors connected in parallel, as shown in figure 3. When the surface area of the conductive cloth is large, the resistance of the fabric electrode is mainly determined by the resistance of the conductive cloth.
The conductive cloth on the side contacted with the skin is provided with the through holes, so that the surface area of the conductive cloth on the side is reduced, the impedance of the whole conductive cloth is increased, the impedance of the fabric electrode is increased, and the conductivity of the electrode is reduced. When the impedance is too large, the collection effect of bioelectric signals can be seriously affected. The number and size of the through holes are limited, and the through holes with different sizes and numbers can be arranged according to the surface area of the electrode. At a given electrode thickness, if the skin-electrode contact resistance at 10Hz for a given electrode is less than 10kΩ, the total area of the through holes (e.g. the sum of the areas of several small through holes, or the area of a single large through hole) should be between 30% -70% of the surface area of the side conductive cloth, i.e. the total area of the through holes is between 30% -70% of the cross-sectional area of the textile electrode body.
The foregoing describes specific embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be suggested to one skilled in the art, but that all modifications and substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of this disclosure and scope of this disclosure as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (6)

1. The novel sweat-absorbing fabric electrode is characterized by comprising a fabric electrode body and an electric connector, wherein the fabric electrode body comprises conductive foam and conductive cloth wrapped outside the conductive foam, and the electric connector is fixed on the conductive cloth; the conductive cloth on one side contacted with the skin of the human body is provided with through holes, and the through holes enable the skin to be directly contacted with the sweat absorbing layer or the conductive foam; the total area of the through holes accounts for 30% -70% of the cross section area of the fabric electrode body; a layer of conductive cloth with the weaving density smaller than that of the conductive cloth is additionally arranged on the through hole;
the fabric electrode body further comprises a sweat absorbing layer positioned between the conductive foam and the conductive cloth; the inner surface of the conductive cloth is provided with a layer of adhesive layer for bonding the conductive cloth, the conductive foam and the sweat absorbing layer;
the conductive cloth is made by electroplating metal series materials or coating conductive material layers on the cloth.
2. The novel sweat-absorbent fabric electrode of claim 1, wherein the conductive foam has a thickness of between 3mm and 8mm, and the fabric electrode body has a cross-sectional area of 100mm 2 -1600mm 2 Between them.
3. The novel sweat-absorbent fabric electrode according to claim 1, wherein the conductive foam has length and width dimensions of 10mm x 10mm to 40mm x 40mm.
4. The novel sweat-absorbent fabric electrode of claim 1, wherein the electrical coupling is a metal conductive snap fastener, and the electrical coupling is connected and fixed with the fabric electrode body by means of snap fastener riveting.
5. The novel sweat-absorbent fabric electrode of claim 1, wherein the metallic material is gold, silver, nickel or copper; the conductive material is graphene or PEDOT.
6. The novel sweat-absorbent fabric electrode of claim 1 wherein the electrically conductive foam has a resistivity of 10 5 The resistivity of the metal coating or conductive material layer on the conductive cloth is 10 -6 -10 -8 Ω·m。
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