CN107179062B - A kind of water-bed topographical observation method of experiment - Google Patents
A kind of water-bed topographical observation method of experiment Download PDFInfo
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- CN107179062B CN107179062B CN201710254619.9A CN201710254619A CN107179062B CN 107179062 B CN107179062 B CN 107179062B CN 201710254619 A CN201710254619 A CN 201710254619A CN 107179062 B CN107179062 B CN 107179062B
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
- G01B17/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations for measuring contours or curvatures
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Abstract
This patent is related to a kind of water-bed topographical observation method of experiment, stops water flow during the experiment, water body can be made gradually to clarify, convenient for measuring and recording topographic profile in the middle part of sink；After finding out the transformation matrix between two groups of base vectors, it can put at any time, topographic profile in the middle part of effluent trough is calculated according to the topographic profile observed from basin sidewall, realize the indirect operation to the topographic profile in the middle part of sink, because topographic profile is convenient for observing and recording at basin sidewall, and the topographic profile in the middle part of sink is difficult to be measured because there is the silt of suspension in water flow, therefore this patent, by topographic profile indirect operation sink middle part topographic profile at basin sidewall, experimental efficiency is high.
Description
Technical field
This patent is related to water flow-silt experimental field, and in particular to a kind of water-bed topographical observation method of experiment.
Background technique
In order to study water flow by local erosion and siltation the variation caused by water-bed landform, often in laboratory sink into
Row experiment.Because the silt in the middle part of sink is influenced smaller by other irrelevant variables, such as basin sidewall has convolution or anti-to water flow
The effects of bullet, and the influence of these effects of portion can minimize in the sink, therefore, experimental study is often based on the landform in the middle part of sink
Measurement data carries out.Landform can be measured by ultra-sonic depth finder in the middle part of sink, but the lesser silt of partial size in experimentation
It can be suspended in water body as water flow is started from the bottom, supersonic sounding is made to be difficult to accurately real-time measurement bottom topographic profile
Change procedure, although laboratory sink side wall is often equipped with high-definition glass, even if water body muddiness can also pass through the high definition glass of side wall
Glass observational record bottom landform side wall section, but basin sidewall to the wall effect that water flow generates can make water flow present one
Fixed three-dismensional effect, and then make water-bed landform also there is certain three-dimensional configuration, therefore, pass through the side-walls that basin sidewall records
There are certain differences between topographic profile in the middle part of topographic profile and the sink measured with ultra-sonic depth finder, it is difficult to pass through sink
Side-walls topographic profile obtains topographic profile in the middle part of sink.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, this patent provides a kind of water-bed topographical observation method of experiment, can be preferable
Ground, which passes through, is convenient for topographic profile at the basin sidewall observed and recorded to obtain topographic profile in the middle part of the sink for being difficult to measure, greatly
Ground improves conventional efficient.
In view of the above technical problems, this patent is solved in this way: a kind of water-bed topographical observation method of experiment, step
It is rapid as follows:
Measure and record basin sidewall topographic profile always during the experiment；
S1: experiment starts, and flows water in the sink；
S2: stop water flow at some time point, measure and record topographic profile in the middle part of sink at this time；
S3: topographic profile in the middle part of sink in the same time and basin sidewall topographic profile intend with the multinomial of order
It closes, respectively obtains landform curve and basin sidewall landform curve in the middle part of sink, and extract from two obtained multinomials respectively
Coefficient, composition middle part topographic profile vector and side wall topographic profile vector；
S4: reopening water flow, stops water flow every one of time, measures and records topographic profile in the middle part of sink, then
Step S3 is repeated, until the quantity of obtained middle part topographic profile vector, side wall topographic profile vector and multinomial coefficient is homogeneous
Together；
S5: if linear independence between obtained multiple middle part topographic profile vectors, between multiple side wall topographic profile vectors
Also linear independence then enters in next step, if it is not, then return step S2；
S6: multiple middle part topographic profile vectors and multiple side wall topographic profile vectors are converted into two groups of base vectors, are found out
Transformation matrix between this two groups of base vectors；
S7: the basin sidewall topographic profile being recorded at any point in time passes through the available water in the same time of the transformation matrix
Topographic profile in the middle part of slot.
In an experiment, experimental facilities is sink, and silt is housed in sink, and experiment Shi Rangshui flows through on silt, studies water
The influence to landform water-bed in sink is flowed, this patent stops water flow during the experiment, water body can be made gradually to clarify, convenient for measurement
And record topographic profile in the middle part of sink；After finding out the transformation matrix between two groups of base vectors, it can put at any time,
Topographic profile in the middle part of effluent trough is calculated according to the topographic profile observed from basin sidewall, is realized to the topographic profile in the middle part of sink
Indirect operation because topographic profile is at basin sidewall convenient for observing and measuring and record, and the topographic profile in the middle part of sink because
There is the silt of suspension in water flow and be difficult to be measured, therefore this patent passes through in topographic profile indirect operation sink at basin sidewall
Portion's topographic profile, experimental efficiency is high.
Further, the multinomial obtained after being fitted in the step S3 according to basin sidewall topographic profile is y=
a0+a1x+a2x2+…+am-1xm-1+amxm, the multinomial obtained after being fitted according to topographic profile in the middle part of sink is y=b0+b1x
+b2x2+…+bm-1xm-1+bmxm, the side wall topographic profile vector obtained after extraction coefficient is Middle part topographic profile vector is
Further, if the base vector that multiple side wall topographic profile vectors obtain in the step S6 isThe base vector that multiple middle part topographic profile vectors obtain is So deposit
?The transformation matrix A between this two groups of base vectors can be found out.
Further, the specific steps of the step S7 are as follows:
S71: basin sidewall topographic profile, which carries out the multinomial of order identical as step S2 before, to be observed to any moment
Fitting extracts the polynomial coefficient and forms vector to be processed；
S72: the inverse matrix of transformation matrix multiplies vector to be processed, obtains object vector；
S73: being extracted as polynomial coefficient for object vector, obtains the polynomial fitting side of landform curve in the middle part of screw clamp
Journey, final available sink middle part topographic profile in the same time.
Because there are transformation matrix between two groups of base vectors, here with the coordinate transform formula in linear algebra,
Vector to be processed is converted into object vector.
Further, topographic profile in the middle part of sink is measured and recorded by ultra-sonic depth finder.
Further, basin sidewall is the transparent glass for indicating reference axis and scale, with shooting basin sidewall by camera
The photo of shape, then basin sidewall topographic profile is extracted from the photo.
Further, the fitting of a polynomial is realized using least square method, and is the fitting of identical order.
Compared with the prior art, this patent have the beneficial effect that by fitting obtain multinomial, extraction coefficient formed to
Amount obtains multiple groups vector and forms base vector, to the last finds out transformation matrix, solve topographic profile and sink at basin sidewall
Existing theory relation between the topographic profile of middle part, can easily from convenient for observation basin sidewall at topographic profile obtain hardly possible
To measure topographic profile in the middle part of obtained sink, conventional efficient is improved.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of this patent.
Fig. 2 is this patent to the measured data of topographic profile and the schematic diagram of polynomial fitting curve.
Fig. 3 is that this patent is cutd open the sink middle part landform that basin sidewall topographic profile is converted in the same time by transformation matrix
The flow chart in face.
Specific embodiment
A kind of experiment bottom topographical observation method as shown in Figure 1, its step are as follows:
Basin sidewall is the transparent glass for indicating reference axis and scale, shoots sink all the time by camera during the experiment
The photo of side wall landform, then basin sidewall topographic profile is extracted from the photo；
S1: experiment starts, and flows water in the sink；
S2: stop water flow at some time point, measure and record topographic profile in the middle part of sink at this time；
S3: as shown in Fig. 2, carrying out topographic profile in the middle part of sink in the same time and basin sidewall topographic profile with order
Fitting of a polynomial respectively obtains landform curve and basin sidewall landform curve in the middle part of sink, and multinomial from two obtained respectively
Extraction coefficient in formula, composition middle part topographic profile vector and side wall topographic profile vector；
S4: reopening water flow, stops water flow every one of time, measures and records topographic profile in the middle part of sink, then
Step S3 is repeated, until the quantity of obtained middle part topographic profile vector, side wall topographic profile vector and multinomial coefficient is homogeneous
Together；
S5: if linear independence between obtained multiple middle part topographic profile vectors, between multiple side wall topographic profile vectors
Also linear independence then enters in next step, if it is not, then return step S2；
S6: multiple middle part topographic profile vectors and multiple side wall topographic profile vectors are converted into two groups of base vectors, are found out
Transformation matrix between this two groups of base vectors；
S7: the basin sidewall topographic profile measured and recorded at any point in time is available simultaneously by the transformation matrix
Topographic profile in the middle part of the sink at quarter.
In an experiment, experimental facilities is sink, and silt is housed in sink, and experiment Shi Rangshui flows through on silt, studies water
The influence to landform water-bed in sink is flowed, this patent stops water flow during the experiment, water body can be made gradually to clarify, convenient for measurement
And record topographic profile in the middle part of sink；After finding out the transformation matrix between two groups of base vectors, it can put at any time,
Topographic profile in the middle part of effluent trough is calculated according to the topographic profile observed from basin sidewall, is realized to the topographic profile in the middle part of sink
Indirect operation because topographic profile is at basin sidewall convenient for observing and measuring and record, and the topographic profile in the middle part of sink because
There is the silt of suspension in water flow and be difficult to be measured, therefore this patent passes through in topographic profile indirect operation sink at basin sidewall
Portion's topographic profile, experimental efficiency is high.
The multinomial obtained after being fitted in the step S3 according to basin sidewall topographic profile is y=a0+a1x+a2x2
+…+am-1xm-1+amxm, the multinomial obtained after being fitted according to topographic profile in the middle part of sink is y=b0+b1x+b2x2+…+
bm-1xm-1+bmxm, the side wall topographic profile vector obtained after extraction coefficient isMiddle part
Shape profile vector is
N side wall topographic profile vector and middle part topographic profile vector are obtained in the step S6, wherein n=m+1, that n
The base vector that a side wall topographic profile vector obtains isWhat n middle part topographic profile vector obtained
Base vector isSo existThis can be found out
Transformation matrix A between two groups of base vectors, namely
As shown in figure 3, the specific steps of the step S7 are as follows:
S71: basin sidewall topographic profile, which carries out the multinomial of order identical as step S2 before, to be observed to any moment
Fitting, obtains y=c0+c1x+c2x2+…+cm-1xm-1+cmxm, extract the polynomial coefficient and form vector to be processed
S72: summary obtains object vectorSo vectorIt can be found out with following formula:
WhereinRequired transformation matrix A before as.
S73: being extracted as polynomial coefficient for object vector, obtains the polynomial fitting equation of topographic profile in the middle part of screw clamp
Y=d0+d1x+d2x2+…+dm-1xm-1+dmxm, final available sink middle part topographic profile in the same time.
In the specific implementation process, topographic profile in the middle part of sink is measured and recorded by ultra-sonic depth finder, it is therein more
Item formula fitting is realized using least square method, and is the fitting of identical order.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of water-bed topographical observation method of experiment, which is characterized in that its step are as follows:
Measure and record basin sidewall topographic profile always during the experiment；
S1: experiment starts, and flows water in the sink；
S2: stop water flow at some time point, measure and record topographic profile in the middle part of sink at this time；
S3: carrying out the fitting of a polynomial with order to topographic profile in the middle part of sink in the same time and basin sidewall topographic profile, point
Landform curve and basin sidewall landform curve in the middle part of screw clamp, and the extraction coefficient from two obtained multinomials respectively are not obtained,
Composition middle part topographic profile vector and side wall topographic profile vector；
S4: reopening water flow, stops water flow every one of time, measures and records topographic profile in the middle part of sink, repeat
Step S3, until the quantity of obtained middle part topographic profile vector, side wall topographic profile vector and multinomial coefficient is all the same；
S5: if linear independence between obtained multiple middle part topographic profile vectors, also line between multiple side wall topographic profile vectors
Property it is unrelated, then enter in next step, if it is not, then return step S2；
S6: being converted to two groups of base vectors for multiple middle part topographic profile vectors and multiple side wall topographic profile vectors, find out this two
Transformation matrix between group base vector；
S7: the basin sidewall topographic profile being recorded at any point in time passes through in the available sink in the same time of the transformation matrix
Portion's topographic profile.
2. a kind of water-bed topographical observation method of experiment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that basis in the step S3
The multinomial that basin sidewall topographic profile obtains after being fitted is a0+a1x+a2x2+…+am-1xm-1+amxm, according in the middle part of sink
The multinomial that topographic profile obtains after being fitted is b0+b1x+b2x2+…+bm-1xm-1+bmxm, the side wall that obtains after extraction coefficient
Topographic profile vector isMiddle part topographic profile vector isThe m is nonnegative integer.
3. a kind of water-bed topographical observation method of experiment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that set more in the step S6
The base vector that a side wall topographic profile vector obtains is The base that multiple middle part topographic profile vectors obtain
Vector isSo existThis two groups can be found out
Transformation matrix A, the n between base vector are nonnegative integer.
4. a kind of water-bed topographical observation method of experiment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step S7's is specific
Step are as follows:
S71: observing that basin sidewall topographic profile carries out the fitting of a polynomial of order identical as step S2 before to any moment,
It extracts the polynomial coefficient and forms vector to be processed；
S72: the inverse matrix of transformation matrix multiplies vector to be processed, obtains object vector；
S73: being extracted as polynomial coefficient for object vector, obtains the polynomial fitting equation of landform curve in the middle part of screw clamp, most
Topographic profile in the middle part of available sink in the same time eventually.
5. a kind of water-bed topographical observation method of experiment according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized in that by super
Sonic depth finder measures and records topographic profile in the middle part of sink.
6. a kind of water-bed topographical observation method of experiment according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized in that sink side
Wall is the transparent glass for indicating reference axis and scale, the photo of basin sidewall landform is shot by camera, then mention from the photo
Take out basin sidewall topographic profile.
7. a kind of water-bed topographical observation method of experiment according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized in that described more
Item formula fitting is realized using least square method, and is the fitting of identical order.
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| CN105301223A (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2016-02-03 | 重庆大学 | Portable real-time-monitoring water and soil loss simulation test method |
| CN105865421A (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2016-08-17 | 长沙理工大学 | Water tank three-dimensional topographic measurement device based on camera image processing technology |
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2017
- 2017-04-18 CN CN201710254619.9A patent/CN107179062B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101000233A (en) * | 2007-01-17 | 2007-07-18 | 曲兆松 | Underwater 3D topographic surveying system |
| KR100936469B1 (en) * | 2009-07-10 | 2010-01-20 | (주)새한지오텍 | Data collection system |
| CN101709965A (en) * | 2009-11-06 | 2010-05-19 | 天津大学 | Automatic measuring device of three-dimensional terrain of water tank |
| CN103591939A (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2014-02-19 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Method for measuring simulated seabed terrain based on active stereo vision technology and measuring equipment |
| CN203893831U (en) * | 2014-06-17 | 2014-10-22 | 武汉大学 | Measuring and 3D reconstructing device of underwater model landform |
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| CN105865421A (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2016-08-17 | 长沙理工大学 | Water tank three-dimensional topographic measurement device based on camera image processing technology |
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