CN104501730B - A kind of method that rock transversely deforming is accurately measured - Google Patents
A kind of method that rock transversely deforming is accurately measured Download PDFInfo
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- CN104501730B CN104501730B CN201410735475.5A CN201410735475A CN104501730B CN 104501730 B CN104501730 B CN 104501730B CN 201410735475 A CN201410735475 A CN 201410735475A CN 104501730 B CN104501730 B CN 104501730B
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Abstract
The method that a kind rock transversely deforming is accurately measured, cylindrical rock sample draws quartering vertical divider, utilizing uniaxial tests instrument, high-definition camera to test, the image shot by video camera imports in computer and processes, and obtains precise information in AutoCAD.Present configuration is simple, easy to operate, feasibility is strong, the whole process of one-shot measurement recordable sample transversely deforming, obtain more more accurate experimental data: any time can be obtained, the displacement diagram of arbitrary height, is accurately surveyed transversely deforming amount, and then is more precisely calculated the Poisson's ratio of sample；The cubic deformation amount of whole style can be calculated, obtain accurate body strain；Result of calculation is it is known that concrete deformation failure position and partial compression or expansion.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of measuring method, be specifically related to a kind of method that rock transversely deforming is accurately measured.
Background technology
In rock mechanics, uniaxial tests is a most basic experiment, and the transversely deforming measuring test specimen is research test specimen
The ring that mechanical characteristic is critically important.By the transversely deforming measurement of rock mass being may determine that the Poisson's ratio of rock mass, the body to rock mass
Long-pending strain accurately calculates and characterizes Rock Damage.
The measuring method of existing rock transversely deforming mainly has two classes: a class is point type, i.e. chooses rock cylinder relative
Article two, high midpoint, as measuring point, by dial gauge or amesdial direct observed and recorded data, represents the horizontal stroke of rock pillar body with this
To deformation.Another kind of is ring type, i.e. chooses rock cylinder intermediate circumference and measures variable quantity, in order to represent the horizontal change of rock pillar body
Shape.The weak point of both approaches is all can only horizontal stroke on single reaction rock pillar body side surface certain point or a certain circumference
To deflection, it is understood that transversely deforming produced by rock pillar pressurized is not in single linear, therefore above two method
Bigger error is all there is in practical operation.And to obtaining rock mass basic physical parameters further, as Poisson's ratio, body strain etc. are deposited
In bigger error.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide one and can react the horizontal bulk deformation of rock
Situation, the method that the rock transversely deforming that certainty of measurement is high, error is little is accurately measured.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of method that rock transversely deforming is accurately measured, and comprises the following steps:
1) sample pretreating: draw quartering vertical divider in cylindrical sample side to be measured, and the quartering will be finished
The sample of vertical divider is placed on uniaxial test instrument；
2) video camera sets up: two adjacent vertical dividers are the most just being propped up by two high-definition cameras to be put, and adjusts high definition
Video camera and the distance of sample, make image the most clear, and two video cameras be equal with sample required distance, find in camera lens
Fixing reference point；
3) video camera shooting: open uniaxial tests instrument, and two video cameras of unlatching shoot, and treat that experiment terminates simultaneously
Stop video camera shooting；
4) data process: the image of shooting in described two high-definition cameras is imported computer, chooses 3 and be spaced apart 30
The image that two video cameras are shot by the moment of second carries out sectional drawing, and is inserted in AutoCAD, and during in chronological sequence by 3
Engrave is 1,2,3；CAD describes the picture appearance contour line in 3 moment, and is scaled to equal with sample actual size
Size；
Use the area that 3 the moment left and right sides contour lines of measurement of the instrument in AutoCAD and original side line are surrounded,
The equivalent transversely deforming calculating the left and right sides respectively is added the transversely deforming obtaining sample, and the axial height in 3 moment deducts former
Begin highly to obtain axial deformation, calculate Poisson's ratio, and compare in spot measurement；The area of 3 moment figures is measured, meter
Calculate the equivalent width of figure, be the equivalent diameter of sample, the image of two video cameras is averaged, obtain the flat of sample
All diameter and average height, calculate volume and the body strain of sample.
Each of described high-definition camera is all equipped with adjustable support, and the frame number of every video camera should be greater than per second
20 frames.
The height that described two high-definition camera erectings are identical, i.e. camera lens focus are parallel with sample vertical direction midpoint, with
Make the most complete being presented in camera lens of sample, reduce the collimation error, improve certainty of measurement.
Meanwhile, two sight line angles that the camera lens of video camera and sample should be made to be formed are 90 °.
The image of described two high-definition cameras shooting imports in computer and processes, and uses Corel VideoStudio choosing
Take sectional drawing the most in the same time, then picture is put in AutoCAD and process, obtain precise information.
The method that the rock transversely deforming that the present invention provides accurately is measured, has the advantages that
1, the device structure that the present invention uses is simple, and easy to operate, time saving and energy saving, feasibility is strong, it is adaptable to uniaxial compression
In experiment, the transversely deforming of rock sample is accurately measured.
When 2, utilizing the present invention to carry out rock sample transversely deforming measurement, a people can complete work, and one-shot measurement
The whole process of recordable sample transversely deforming, obtains more more accurate experimental data.
3 by means of the invention it is possible to obtain any time, the displacement diagram of arbitrary height, only effectively compensate for original method
Certain point or deficiency of a certain circumference can be measured, can disposably measure the change of two broadside lines, it can be observed that
Border side line expands outwardly also dishing process and then obtain transversely deforming exact value incessantly.
4, the deformation data obtained is utilized can be more precisely calculated the Poisson's ratio of sample any time, with original method
There is greatest differences, original method is calculating Poisson's ratio on the premise of constancy of volume, and the method can be calculated accurate body
Swell increment, and then can be determined that stretch-draw crack is the reason making Poisson's ratio be more than 0.5, indicate before the experiments possible stretch-draw and
Extruded parts can obtain detailed data.
5, calculate the cubic deformation amount of whole style, obtain accurate body strain.
6, result of calculation is it is known that concrete deformation failure position and partial compression or expansion.
7, two the sight line angles making the camera lens of video camera and sample be formed are 90 °, make the side line of sample in video camera
Being relative two vertical divider, benefit is the deformation dividing the deformation of vertical divider to represent whole side by four grades,
More representative, improve certainty of measurement.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The invention will be further described with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is that the equipment of the present invention arranges schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is that the equipment of the present invention arranges top view.
Fig. 3 is point type and the schematic diagram of two kinds of traditional measurement methods of ring type in prior art.
Fig. 4 is that video camera shoots contour line schematic diagram.
Fig. 5-8 is border side line change schematic diagram in practical measuring examples；Wherein Fig. 5 is respectively on the left of No. 1 machine of new method and
Traditional method left border side line change schematic diagram；Fig. 6 is respectively on the right side of No. 1 machine of new method and traditional method right side boundary side
Line change schematic diagram；Fig. 7 is respectively on the left of No. 2 machines of new method and traditional method left border side line change schematic diagram；In Fig. 8
It is respectively on the right side of No. 2 machines of new method and traditional method right side boundary side line change schematic diagram.
In figure, 1, rock sample, 21 is a high-definition camera, and 22 is No. two high-definition cameras, 3, the quartering vertically divides
Secant；The I of Fig. 2 represents the vertical divider taken by a high-definition camera；II represents captured by No. two high-definition cameras
The vertical divider arrived.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment:
A kind of method that rock transversely deforming is accurately measured, comprises the following steps:
1) sample pretreating: draw quartering vertical divider in cylindrical sample side to be measured, and the quartering will be finished
The sample of vertical divider is placed on uniaxial test instrument；When quartering vertical divider with distinct contrast with sample color
Marker pen draws, in order to video camera shoots；Cylindrical sample diameter 48.7mm in this example, high 95.9mm, volume
178544.381mm3；
2) video camera sets up: two adjacent vertical dividers are the most just being propped up by two high-definition cameras to be put, and adjusts high definition
Video camera and the distance of sample, make image the most clear, and two video cameras be equal with sample required distance, find in camera lens
Fixing reference point；Each of high-definition camera is all equipped with adjustable support, and the frame number of every video camera should be greater than per second 20
Frame；
3) video camera shooting: open uniaxial tests instrument, and two video cameras of unlatching shoot, and treat that experiment terminates simultaneously
Stop video camera shooting；Arrange polishing at correct position during shooting, make image effect more preferable, two high-definition cameras put position
Put and height once it is determined that, can not change again in whole experimentation；
4) data process: i.e. utilize surveyed data to calculate the transversely deforming of sample, Poisson's ratio and body strain, and with original
Single-point measurement method contrasts；
Specific as follows: the image of shooting in described two high-definition cameras to be imported computer, the shooting selected in this example
Machine frame number be 25 frames per second, i.e. precision be 40ms；Choose the image that two video cameras shoot by 3 moment being spaced apart 30 seconds to enter
Row sectional drawing, and be inserted in AutoCAD, and in chronological sequence 3 moment are designated as 1,2,3；3 moment in AutoCAD
Picture appearance contour line describe, and be scaled to the size equal with sample actual size；
Use the area that 3 the moment left and right sides contour lines of measurement of the instrument in AutoCAD and original side line are surrounded,
The equivalent transversely deforming calculating the left and right sides respectively is added the transversely deforming obtaining sample, and the axial height in 3 moment deducts former
Begin highly to obtain axial deformation, calculate Poisson's ratio, and compare in spot measurement；The area of 3 moment figures is measured, meter
Calculate the equivalent width of figure, be the equivalent diameter of sample, the image of two video cameras is averaged, obtain the flat of sample
All diameter and average height, calculate volume and the body strain of sample.
Calculating data see table:
The data obtained in any 3 moment CAD of table 1
The volume that table 2 any 3 moment try to achieve
3 two kinds of method resultant bulk strain ratioes of table are relatively
Any three moment transversely deforming areas of table 4
| Moment | (mm is amassed on 1 left side2) | (mm is amassed on 1 right side2) | (mm is amassed on 2 left sides2) | (mm is amassed on 2 right sides2) |
| 07:30:02 | 63.2278 | 38.8142 | 46.4631 | 74.6898 |
| 08:00:09 | 23.8602 | 8.4029 | 31.2401 | 35.2777 |
| 08:30:03 | 35.8274 | 17.241 | 33.8022 | 25.2589 |
Any three moment transverse strains of table 5 and axial strain
Two kinds of methods of table 6 any three moment are tried to achieve Poisson's ratio and are compared
As seen from the above comparison, this method more original method precision is improved largely.
The height that described two high-definition camera erectings are identical, i.e. camera lens focus are parallel with sample vertical direction midpoint, with
Make the most complete being presented in camera lens of sample, reduce the collimation error, improve certainty of measurement.
Meanwhile, two the sight line angles making the camera lens of video camera and sample be formed are 90 °, make the side of sample in video camera
Line is relative two vertical divider, and benefit is the change dividing the deformation of vertical divider to represent whole side by four grades
Shape, more representative, improve certainty of measurement.
In above-described embodiment: the image of described two high-definition cameras shooting imports in computer and processes, and uses Corel
VideoStudio chooses sectional drawing the most in the same time, is then put into by picture in AutoCAD and processes, obtains precise information.
The operation of the uniaxial tests instrument in the present invention and use, implement according to relevant criterion.This method is mainly for list
Secondary experiment, i.e. instrument, the position of video camera can not change, and as carried out many experiments, reply instrument, video camera carry out accurately fixed
Position.
In experimentation, as limited by instrument, two video camera angulations are the most in 90 °, can be according to actual feelings
Condition is put, and makes two video cameras still 4 side lines of Observable (i.e. quartering vertical divider).AutoCAD should insert one
Open experiment and start the image of front sample, and determine scale factor according to the original size of sample and zoom in and out, then by required
The image in moment inserts, and zooms in and out in the same proportion, carries out next step operation the most again.The fourth class marked on side
Dividing vertical divider is the tangential deformation in order to preferably observe sample.
Claims (5)
1. the method that a rock transversely deforming is accurately measured, it is characterised in that: comprise the following steps:
1) sample pretreating: draw four mothers of quartering vertical divider, i.e. decile side in cylindrical sample side to be measured
Line, and the sample finishing quartering vertical divider is placed on uniaxial test instrument；
2) video camera sets up: two adjacent vertical dividers are the most just being propped up by two high-definition cameras to be put, and adjusts high-definition camera
Machine and the distance of sample, make image the most clear, and two video cameras be equal with sample required distance, find fixing in camera lens
Reference point；
3) video camera shooting: open uniaxial tests instrument, and two video cameras of unlatching shoot simultaneously, treats that experiment terminates to stop
Video camera shoots；
4) data process: the image of shooting in described two high-definition cameras is imported computer, chooses 3 and be spaced apart 30 seconds
The image that two video cameras are shot by the moment carries out sectional drawing, and is inserted in AutoCAD, and engraves during in chronological sequence by 3
It is 1,2,3；AutoCAD describes the picture appearance contour line in 3 moment, and is scaled to equal with sample actual size
Size；
Use the area that 3 the moment left and right sides contour lines of measurement of the instrument in AutoCAD and original side line are surrounded, respectively
The equivalent transversely deforming calculating the left and right sides is added the transversely deforming obtaining sample, and the axial height in 3 moment deducts original height
Degree obtains axial deformation, calculates Poisson's ratio, and compares in spot measurement；The area of 3 moment figures is measured, calculates
The equivalent width of figure, is the equivalent diameter of sample, is averaged by the image of two video cameras, obtains the average straight of sample
Footpath and average height, calculate volume and the body strain of sample.
The method that rock transversely deforming the most according to claim 1 is accurately measured, it is characterised in that: described high-definition camera
Each of machine is equipped with adjustable support, and the frame number of every video camera should be greater than 20 frames per second.
The method that rock transversely deforming the most according to claim 1 is accurately measured, it is characterised in that: described two high definitions are taken the photograph
Camera sets up identical height, i.e. camera lens focus is parallel with sample vertical direction midpoint, so that the most complete being presented on of sample
In camera lens, reduce the collimation error, improve certainty of measurement.
The method that rock transversely deforming the most according to claim 1 is accurately measured, it is characterised in that: the camera lens of video camera with
Two sight line angles that sample is formed are 90 °.
The method that a kind of rock transversely deforming the most according to claim 1 is accurately measured, it is characterised in that: described two high
The image of clear video camera shooting imports in computer and processes, and uses Corel VideoStudio to choose sectional drawing the most in the same time, then
Picture is put in AutoCAD and process, obtain precise information.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106442123A (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2017-02-22 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Omnidirectional dynamic observation method for uniaxial compression crack propagation in coal and rock mass |
| CN110132714B (en) * | 2018-02-08 | 2023-11-10 | 山东高速济莱城际公路有限公司 | Device and method for testing deformation parameters of irregular rock mass sample |
| CN112304234A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-02-02 | 上海市政工程设计研究总院（集团）有限公司 | Automatic measuring device and measuring method for expansion and shrinkage changes of concrete blocks |
| CN114509020A (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-05-17 | 首钢京唐钢铁联合有限责任公司 | System and method for detecting bending degree of sublance of steelmaking converter |
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| CN1229622C (en) * | 2004-01-17 | 2005-11-30 | 湖北清江水布垭工程建设公司 | Measuring system for faceplate deflection, internal horizontal and vertical deformation of dam body |
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| CN104180766A (en) * | 2014-09-09 | 2014-12-03 | 南京林业大学 | Frozen soil interface layer deformation measuring system and measuring method thereof |
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| JP2013047629A (en) * | 2011-08-29 | 2013-03-07 | Mie Univ | Method for measuring structure inner space displacement and apparatus thereof |
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| CN1229622C (en) * | 2004-01-17 | 2005-11-30 | 湖北清江水布垭工程建设公司 | Measuring system for faceplate deflection, internal horizontal and vertical deformation of dam body |
| CN104142268A (en) * | 2013-05-09 | 2014-11-12 | 李学华 | Measuring method for micro-deformation of geotechnical material |
| CN104180766A (en) * | 2014-09-09 | 2014-12-03 | 南京林业大学 | Frozen soil interface layer deformation measuring system and measuring method thereof |
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Effective date of registration: 20201223 Address after: Unit 2414-2416, main building, no.371, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province Patentee after: GUANGDONG GAOHANG INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OPERATION Co.,Ltd. Address before: 443002 No. 8, University Road, Yichang, Hubei Patentee before: CHINA THREE GORGES University Effective date of registration: 20201223 Address after: No. 005, Wanshui Road, Qianshan Economic Development Zone, Anqing City, Anhui Province Patentee after: ANHUI PROVINCE WANJIANG MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING Co.,Ltd. Address before: Unit 2414-2416, main building, no.371, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province Patentee before: GUANGDONG GAOHANG INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OPERATION Co.,Ltd. |
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