CN107171535B - Distributed controller - Google Patents
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- CN107171535B CN107171535B CN201710347771.1A CN201710347771A CN107171535B CN 107171535 B CN107171535 B CN 107171535B CN 201710347771 A CN201710347771 A CN 201710347771A CN 107171535 B CN107171535 B CN 107171535B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
- H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
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Abstract
The invention provides a distributed controller, a top controller and a bottom controller; the top controller is arranged corresponding to the converter device of the power unit, the traction converter comprises a traction converter controller and an auxiliary converter controller; the bottom layer controller is arranged corresponding to the power module of the power unit, the power module of the power unit comprises a rectifier module and an inverter module; the top layer controller is connected with the vehicle bus and is used for receiving a vehicle running instruction of the central controller of the vehicle, converting the vehicle running instruction into an inverter control instruction, transmitting the inverter control instruction to one or more bottom layer controllers through the internal bus of the converter, receiving state feedback information of the one or more bottom layer controllers and uploading the state feedback information to the central controller; the bottom layer controller is connected with the top layer controller through an internal bus and is used for sending control signals in real time to drive the corresponding rectifier module or inverter module according to the instruction sent by the top layer controller and in combination with the key analog quantity of the controlled power module.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to rail transit vehicle-mounted equipment, in particular to a distributed controller of a traction power unit applied to a high-speed motor train unit and an intercity motor train unit.
Background
The core parts of the high-speed motor train unit and the intercity motor train unit are power units, and the traction converter and the auxiliary converter are integrated to respectively provide power and vehicle-mounted power for the trains.
The power unit controller is used for completing the control of the converter through communication with the train control system, rectifying or inverting according to the need, and monitoring and protecting the operation of the power unit. The controller of the power unit is typically mounted within the power unit housing. During the control process, the controller needs to collect state information of the system in real time, including voltage, current, temperature, speed, pressure, etc. And combining the acquired information, and generating control instructions such as a switching instruction, a control pulse and the like after operation processing.
The hardware architecture of the controller generally adopts a modularized design, and can functionally divide the module into system-level control, network communication, driving control of a rectifier and an inverter, acquisition and conditioning of analog quantity, acquisition and control of switching quantity, system protection and the like. The traditional converter controller generally realizes the functions of the modules by using different types of boards, the boards are uniformly arranged in a controller case, the external interfaces of the boards are connected with various signal wires of the converter, the internal connection of the boards is realized by a mode of a backboard bus, and the control function is uniformly finished.
As shown in figure 1 of the drawings, the controller with the structure can perform centralized control on one traction or auxiliary converter. When the number of objects to be monitored or controlled increases with the complexity of the unit structure, the controller must increase the number of modules, even if the designed modules completely meet the control requirement, so that the problem of redesigning the size of the controller chassis and rewiring the back board is faced at the same time, which prolongs the design period and increases the design cost. In a power unit integrating traction and auxiliary converters, a centralized controller leads out signal wires or control wires on traction and auxiliary power modules, various contactors and sensors in a box body, which also brings certain difficulty to the design of the box body of the converter and the design of electric wiring. When the centralized controller is stopped due to failure, the whole power unit is led to be out of operation, adverse effect is caused on train operation, and redundancy is required to be improved. In addition, the volume and the weight of the centralized controller are large, a controller room exclusive of a certain space is needed in the converter box body, and under the trend of miniaturization and light weight of the converter, the structural design of the converter box body is limited, so that the controller is inconvenient to install, detach and maintain.
It should be noted that the foregoing description of the background art is only for the purpose of providing a clear and complete description of the technical solution of the present invention and is presented for the convenience of understanding by those skilled in the art. The above-described solutions are not considered to be known to the person skilled in the art simply because they are set forth in the background of the invention section.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a distributed controller to solve the problems of poor redundancy, poor universality of a hardware platform, inapplicability to a power unit with high modularization degree, longer distance between control and signal lines, high requirement on the box space of a converter and inconvenience in installation and maintenance of the existing centralized controller.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a distributed controller for controlling a power unit of a vehicle, including: a top layer controller and a bottom layer controller; the top layer controller is arranged corresponding to the converter device of the power unit and comprises a traction converter controller and an auxiliary converter controller; the bottom layer controller is arranged corresponding to a power module of the power unit, and the power module of the power unit comprises a rectifier module and an inverter module; the top layer controller is connected with the vehicle bus and is used for receiving a vehicle running instruction of the central controller of the vehicle, converting the vehicle running instruction into an inverter control instruction, transmitting the inverter control instruction to one or more bottom layer controllers through the internal bus of the converter, receiving state feedback information of the one or more bottom layer controllers and uploading the state feedback information to the central controller; the bottom layer controller is connected with the top layer controller through an internal bus and is used for sending control signals in real time to drive corresponding rectifier modules or inverter modules according to instructions sent by the top layer controller and in combination with key analog quantities of the controlled power modules.
Further, in an embodiment, the traction converter controller is disposed corresponding to a traction converter of the power unit, each set of traction converters corresponds to one traction converter controller, and the traction converter controller is configured to control the traction converters, send an instruction to a rectifier module in the traction converters and a bottom layer controller corresponding to the traction inverter module, and receive a feedback signal; the auxiliary converter controllers are correspondingly arranged with the auxiliary converters of the power unit, each auxiliary converter corresponds to one auxiliary converter controller, and the auxiliary converter controllers are used for controlling the auxiliary converters, sending instructions to the chopper in the auxiliary converters, the intermediate frequency isolation DC/DC converter and the bottom controllers corresponding to the auxiliary inverter modules and receiving feedback signals.
Further, in an embodiment, the top controller is configured to receive a control command of a central controller of the vehicle, complete system level control of the converter, and convert the traction and braking control commands into inverter control commands and send the inverter control commands to the bottom controller; the top layer controller is also used for receiving the state feedback of the converter of the bottom layer controller and feeding back the real-time state of the converter to the central controller of the vehicle.
Further, in an embodiment, the top level controller is configured to perform converter level control and monitoring according to the requirement of the central controller, and includes: and starting or stopping the rectifier, the inverter, the chopper, the fan and/or the water pump, operating various contactors and circuit breakers, monitoring the state of the converter in real time, recording system operation data and storing fault information.
Further, in an embodiment, the bottom layer controller is configured to execute a control algorithm according to an instruction issued by the top layer controller in combination with a key analog quantity of a current inverter, send a control pulse in real time, and drive a switching power semiconductor to complete inverter control; meanwhile, the bottom layer controller collects analog quantity related to the operation safety of the converter and transmits the analog quantity to the top layer controller to complete system level protection; the bottom layer controller is also used for executing faster and bottom layer protection so as to cope with serious faults, including monitoring voltage and current in real time and working states of the power devices.
Further, in one embodiment, the key analog quantities used by the execution algorithm of the inverter include voltage, current and speed.
Further, in an embodiment, the analog quantities related to the operation safety of the converter include voltage, current, speed, temperature and pressure.
Further, in one embodiment, the top level controller is coupled to the vehicle bus via a vehicle bus interface circuit and communicates with the bottom level controller via an industrial control local area network.
Further, in an embodiment, the top level controller includes a microcontroller and programmable logic device functionally divided into a system level control and protection module, a switching value control and feedback module, a vehicle bus interface module and an internal bus interface module.
Further, in an embodiment, the bottom layer controller includes a digital signal processor, a microcontroller, and a programmable logic device, and is functionally divided into an internal bus interface module, an inverter driving control module, an analog quantity acquisition and conversion module, and a pulse generation and switch tube state monitoring module.
The distributed controller of the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the centralized controller is functionally decomposed into two types, and the actual unit needs are combined with different numbers, so that the modularization of the controller is realized, the flexibility of the controller in application in a converter or a power unit is improved, compared with the centralized controller, the centralized controller has simpler functions, the number of control objects is smaller, the case type design can be avoided, the operation is realized in a mode of adding a small amount of buckle plates on a circuit board or a bottom plate, and the space needs are greatly reduced; the top layer and the bottom layer controllers respectively adopt unified hardware platforms, different functions are realized by programming different programs and configuring under different application occasions, and the hardware cost is saved; the bottom controllers and the power modules are integrated, only short-distance wiring is needed on the power modules, wiring of control cables and analog signal cables in the box is reduced, the complexity of the unit is reduced, and the unit is convenient to assemble, maintain and repair; the connection between the top layer controller and the bottom layer controller adopts an industrial control local area network standard bus, and the standard bus is used for replacing different types of control lines and signal lines which need long-distance transmission, so that the possibility of interference in the transmission process is reduced, and the characteristic that a plurality of devices can be connected and hung by the bus is improved.
Specific embodiments of the invention are disclosed in detail below with reference to the following description and drawings, indicating the manner in which the principles of the invention may be employed. It should be understood that the embodiments of the invention are not limited in scope thereby. The embodiments of the invention include many variations, modifications and equivalents within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Features that are described and/or illustrated with respect to one embodiment may be used in the same way or in a similar way in one or more other embodiments in combination with or instead of the features of the other embodiments.
It should be emphasized that the term "comprises/comprising" when used herein is taken to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps or components, but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps or components.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive faculty for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application principle of a conventional centralized controller;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an application principle of a distributed controller according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a power unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the application of the distributed controller of the present invention to the power unit of FIG. 3;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a distributed controller applied to a power unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments of the invention may be implemented as a system, apparatus, device, method, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present disclosure may be embodied in the following forms, namely: complete hardware, complete software (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.), or a combination of hardware and software.
The principles and spirit of the present invention are explained in detail below with reference to several representative embodiments thereof.
The invention discloses a novel distributed controller which is suitable for a traction auxiliary converter or a power unit with more switching power semiconductor devices and higher functional modularization degree so as to realize the miniaturization of the converter controller and the intellectualization of a power module. When designing, fully consider the demand of compatibility and economic nature, realize realizing multiple functions on a hardware platform, act as different identities in the unit.
As shown in fig. 2, the distributed controller of the present invention is functionally divided into 2 parts, a top-level controller and a bottom-level controller, respectively. The two controllers respectively complete the system-level control of the converter and the bottom-layer control of the inverter, and can be freely combined according to the system implementation.
1. Top controller
The top level controller is arranged corresponding to the converter device of the power unit and comprises a traction converter controller and an auxiliary converter controller. The top layer controller integrates a system level control function of the centralized controller, is used as a node of a train network, integrates a vehicle bus communication module, receives a control command of a network bus, converts an external command into a control command of an inverter such as a traction/braking command and the like, and transmits the control command to the bottom layer controller, receives inverter state feedback of the bottom layer controller, and transmits a real-time state of the converter to the train network. The functions of the top layer controller include converting traction braking instructions into inverter control instructions and sending the inverter control instructions to the bottom layer controller, completing converter level control according to the running requirements of a train, realizing control logic, including starting or stopping a converter, a chopper, a fan, a water pump and the like, completing a precharge process, operating various contactors and the like.
The top controller monitors the running state of the converter in real time from the aspect of system running safety, including voltage, current, temperature, pressure and the like, and can execute corresponding control strategies to adjust the running state of the unit when the running state exceeds a normal range, and can stop protecting equipment when the running state is seriously abnormal.
The top controller structurally comprises a system level control and protection module, a vehicle bus interface module, an internal bus interface module and a switching value control and feedback module. Preferably, the microcontroller and the programmable logic device form a system level control and protection module; preferably, an interface circuit or an interface chip corresponding to the vehicle bus is adopted to form a vehicle bus interface module; preferably, an interface circuit or an interface chip corresponding to the selected internal bus forms an internal bus interface module; preferably, an optocoupler or a relay with an isolation function forms a switching value control and feedback module.
The top layer controller is used for receiving a control instruction of the central controller of the vehicle, completing system-level control of the converter, converting the traction and braking control instruction into an inverter control instruction and transmitting the inverter control instruction to the bottom layer controller; the top layer controller is also used for receiving the state feedback of the converter of the bottom layer controller and feeding back the real-time state of the converter to the central controller of the vehicle.
The top controller is used for completing control and monitoring of the converter level according to the requirement of the central controller, and comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of starting or stopping a rectifier, an inverter, a chopper, a fan and/or a water pump, operating various contactors and circuit breakers, monitoring the state of the converter in real time, recording system operation data, storing fault information and the like.
There are several nodes in train network concept, i.e. several sets of converter devices, in the train, several sets of top controllers should be provided. As in a power unit with a set of traction converters and a set of auxiliary converters, two such top level controllers may be used as controllers for the traction and auxiliary converters, respectively.
2. Bottom layer controller
The bottom layer controller integrates the driving control function of the inverter of the centralized controller, and aims to send out control pulses in real time according to the instructions of the top layer controller and in combination with key analog quantities such as voltage, current, speed and the like of the current inverter to drive a switching power semiconductor so as to complete inverter control; meanwhile, analog quantities such as temperature, pressure and the like which are related to the running safety of the inverter are required to be collected and transmitted to the top-layer controller through an internal network so that the top-layer controller can conveniently monitor and protect the system state. For serious faults possibly causing damage to the power device and even the converter, such as short circuit of the power device, instantaneous breakthrough of voltage and current through a maximum limit value and the like, the bottom layer controller can detect and immediately execute protection action in a hardware detection mode, and then the fault state is fed back to the top layer controller. The controller is a bottom controller in the converter and is responsible for the operation of the power module. Such controllers are preferably integrated into a power module, collectively referred to as a smart power module. Therefore, in the unit, there are several sets of power modules, and there should be several sets of the bottom layer controllers. In a power unit with a set of traction converters and a set of auxiliary converters, the traction converters consist of a set of four-quadrant rectifiers and a set of traction inverters, the auxiliary converters comprise a set of auxiliary inverters, and 3 controllers can be used and are respectively arranged on the four-quadrant rectifier modules, the traction inverter modules and the auxiliary inverter modules.
The top layer controller and the bottom layer controller divide the control function, so that the number of control objects of a single controller is reduced, and the volume of the controller can be obviously reduced; the bottom layer controller can be arranged on the power module to reduce the distance between the bottom layer controller and the power device and the sensor, improve the integration level, reduce the interference and enable the power module to be intelligent; the top layer controller can be arranged in the converter box body and is connected with the bottom layer controller through an internal bus, and the speed and the quality of communication are ensured by a bus mechanism; this replaces the centralized controller with long-range control and signal routing to drive the inverter.
The top layer controller and the bottom layer controller are communicated through the internal bus, and the top layer controller and the bottom layer controller are in a bus form, so that the high-speed intelligent power module has good expansibility, the number of the bottom layer controllers can be increased along with the increase of the number of the intelligent power modules along with the complexity of the unit, and meanwhile, the bottom layer controllers and the bottom layer controllers are connected to the internal bus mainly comprising the top layer controller, and the difficulty of converter design can be reduced to a greater extent through the use of a unified bottom layer controller hardware platform and the intelligent power modules.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a power unit according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 4 is a schematic application diagram of a distributed controller according to the present invention to the power unit shown in fig. 3. As shown in fig. 3, the power unit of this embodiment has a set of completely independent traction converters and a set of auxiliary converters, each of which is composed of a rectifier and a traction inverter, the auxiliary converters are divided into four parts, a boost chopper, an intermediate frequency isolation DC/DC converter, an auxiliary inverter and a sine filter. In the power unit, the number of the switch tubes and the power modules is more or less than that of common traction or auxiliary converters.
The top controller of the traction converter is called TCU, the top controller of the auxiliary converter is called ACU, the hardware platforms are consistent, and different programs are programmed and configured correspondingly. The hardware platforms of the bottom controllers are consistent and are collectively called ICU, and different programs are respectively programmed and configured correspondingly. The arrangement of the controllers is shown in fig. 4.
In the power unit, 2 TCUs and ACUs are connected to a vehicle bus as master control units of respective responsible converters. Each traction converter is integrated with 1 ICU on a rectifier and an inverter module, in the auxiliary converter, the inverter is integrated with 1 ICU, and each unit of boost chopper and intermediate frequency isolation DC/DC converter uses 1 ICU.
The TCU and the ACU interact with the central control unit through the vehicle bus, various switches are operated according to the vehicle control logic as required, control instructions are issued to respective subordinate ICUs, the ICUs are combined with the control instructions and the real-time state data of the inverter to generate control pulses, the switching power devices are driven, corresponding functions of rectification, inversion, DC/DC conversion and the like are completed, and meanwhile, the operation of the unit is monitored and protected.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a distributed controller applied to a power unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
1. The top layer controller interacts with the central control unit through the vehicle bus, operates various switches according to the needs according to the vehicle control logic, and gives control instructions to the respective subordinate bottom layer controllers.
Taking the top level controller 4 as an example, it consists of 4 parts: a vehicle bus interface 4.1, an internal bus interface 4.2, a control section 4.3 and a switching value drive and feedback detection circuit 4.4. The top controller is 1 node for the train network and is connected with the vehicle bus through a vehicle bus interface circuit 4.1 (such as MVB); meanwhile, an industrial control local area network bus interface 4.2 (such as a CAN bus) is adopted to ensure the timeliness of communication with the bottom controllers and the expandability of the number of the bottom controllers; the control part 4.3 adopts 1 microcontroller (such as MCU) with abundant peripheral devices and integrated various communication interfaces suitable for executing periodic tasks and is assisted with 1 programmable logic device (such as FPGA or CPLD) combination for improving expandability to realize the system control function; the switching value driving and feedback detecting circuit 4.4 can be realized by combining IO of a programmable logic device with a driving circuit (such as an optocoupler) with an isolation function.
2. The bottom layer controller is composed of 6-7 parts according to the requirement of the control object. The bottom layer controller focuses on the control of a bridge circuit consisting of a plurality of switching power devices, is responsible for collecting key analog quantities of the unit, generates control pulses by combining a control algorithm, and monitors and protects the unit.
Taking the inverter controller 6 as an example, the control instruction of the top-layer controller is received through a local area network bus interface 6.1 (such as a CAN bus), or some interactions are performed with other bottom-layer controllers; the control part 6.2 consists of a digital signal processor and a programmable logic device, wherein the digital signal processor is required to execute a high-performance real-time algorithm according to the key analog quantity of the system, the digital signal processor (such as a DSP) with abundant hardware multiplier resources and high-speed processing capacity is used for executing the algorithm, the AD conversion driving of the analog quantity required by the algorithm is executed, the data storage, the pulse signal generation and the feedback detection, the over-limit protection of the key analog quantity and the like can be completed through the programmable logic device (such as an FPGA); the AD conversion circuit 6.3 needs to meet the timeliness and reliability of algorithm execution, and can be realized by adopting a successive approximation type AD conversion device or a voltage-frequency conversion circuit with an average value function; the analog quantity limit value protection circuit 6.4 can trigger a protection threshold value directly from hardware without software numerical comparison when serious faults occur in the system, and inform the programmable logic device to execute protection action, and the generation of the protection threshold value can be realized by adopting a reference voltage source to cooperate with fixed or adjustable precision resistor voltage division or through a DA conversion chip, and a protection signal is generated through a hardware comparison circuit; the control pulse output and feedback 6.5 needs to transmit the control pulse generated by the control part to the power switch device module at a certain distance and collect the feedback signal, and the control pulse can be transmitted by adopting optical fibers; the analog sampling circuit 6.6 conditions the signal output by the sensor into a signal within an acceptable range of the AD conversion circuit; the speed signal acquisition circuit 6.7, when the controller is faced with the traction inverter module and the control algorithm needs to detect the speed, needs to be designed correspondingly for the type of the speed sensor of the motor.
In the invention, the power unit is divided into two parts, namely a traction converter and an auxiliary converter. Two top level controllers are used to control the two sections separately, traction controller 4.Tcu and auxiliary controller 5.Acu.
1. For a traction converter, it comprises two identical sets of rectifiers 1.7 and 2.7 and two identical sets of inverters 1.12 and 2.12, the dc buses of which are connected together. The power supply is divided into two rectifying modules 1.7 and 2.7 and two inverting modules 1.14 and 2.14 in a modularized manner. Each module is controlled by 1 bottom layer controller, namely rectifier controllers 5.Icu and 7.Icu, and inverter controllers 6.Icu and 8.Icu.
2. The auxiliary converter comprises two sets of boost chopper 4.3 and 4.18, two sets of intermediate frequency isolation DC/DC converters 4.7 and 4.25, one set of auxiliary inverter 4.13 and one set of sine filter 4.15. The two sets of boost chopper and intermediate frequency isolation DC/DC converter work cooperatively and are controlled by using 1 9. ICU. The auxiliary inverter was controlled using 1 10. Icu.
3. The tcu and 5-8.ICU complete traction converter control, the 4.Tcu receives commands from the vehicle bus, operates the main switches 1.3,2.3 and precharge contactors 1.5 and 2.5, and issues commands to the respective ICU for rectifier 1.9,2.9 and inverter 1.14,2.14. The rectifier controllers 5.Icu and 7.Icu detect the values of the input current sensors 1.6 and 2.6 and the value of the intermediate link voltage sensor 1.13, send control pulses to the rectifiers 1.7 and 2.7, generate controllable direct current voltages in the intermediate links, and actively discharge the switching tubes of 1.9 and 2.9 by controlling when the intermediate link voltages exceed the limits. The ICU and the 8 ICU combine the intermediate link voltage of 1.13 and the output current of the inverter of 1.15, and the motor rotating speed of 1.17 to complete the inverter driving control. Each ICU, while receiving instructions, monitors the power module of interest and feeds back status to the 4.Tcu.
The acu and 9.ICU and 10.ICU complete auxiliary converter control, and the 11.Acu receives instructions from the vehicle bus, controls the three-phase output contactor of 4.17, and issues control instructions of the boost occupied wave units 4.4 and 4.19, the intermediate frequency DC/DC conversion circuits 4.7 and 4.25 and the three-phase inverter 4.13 to each ICU. The ICU detects the voltage value of the intermediate DC link of 1.13, the value of the input current of the 4.2 boost chopper and the output voltage of the 4.11 intermediate frequency DC/DC converter, sends control pulses to the boost chopper 4.4 and 4.18 and the inverter 4.6 and 4.22, and generates DC voltage on the low-voltage DC supporting capacitor 4.12. The ICU combines a direct current voltage sensor of 4.11, an output current sensor of 4.14 and an output voltage sensor of 4.16, and sends control pulses to 4.13 to complete the three-phase inversion function. Each ICU, while receiving the instructions, monitors the power modules of interest and feeds back status to the 11.Acu.
Through the above description of the distributed controller and the specific implementation manner thereof, the beneficial effects of the distributed controller of the invention can be obtained as follows:
1. the centralized controller is functionally decomposed into two types, and different numbers are matched with the actual unit demands, so that the modularization of the controller is realized, and the application flexibility of the controller in a converter or a power unit is improved;
2. the top layer controller is only responsible for controlling the bus and the system of the vehicle, the bottom layer controller is only responsible for controlling the driving of the converter, compared with the centralized controller, the function is simpler, the number of control objects is smaller, the case type design can be avoided, the control is realized in a mode of adding a small amount of pinch plates on a circuit board or a bottom plate, and the space requirement is greatly reduced;
3. the top layer and the bottom layer controllers respectively adopt unified hardware platforms, different functions are realized by programming different programs and configuring under different application occasions, and the hardware cost is saved;
4. the bottom controllers and the power modules are integrated, only short-distance wiring is needed on the power modules, wiring of control cables and analog signal cables in the box is reduced, the complexity of the unit is reduced, and the unit is convenient to assemble, maintain and repair;
5. the connection between the top layer controller and the bottom layer controller adopts an industrial control local area network standard bus, and the standard bus is used for replacing different types of control lines and signal lines which need long-distance transmission, so that the possibility of interference in the transmission process is reduced, and the characteristic that a plurality of devices can be connected and hung by the bus is improved.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to specific examples, which are provided to facilitate understanding of the method and core ideas of the present invention; meanwhile, as those skilled in the art will have variations in the specific embodiments and application scope in accordance with the ideas of the present invention, the present description should not be construed as limiting the present invention in view of the above.
Claims (9)
1.A distributed controller for controlling a power unit of a vehicle, comprising: a top layer controller and a bottom layer controller;
the top layer controller is arranged corresponding to the converter device of the power unit and comprises a traction converter controller and an auxiliary converter controller;
the bottom layer controller is arranged corresponding to a power module of the power unit, and the power module of the power unit comprises a rectifier module and an inverter module;
the top layer controller is connected with the vehicle bus and is used for receiving a vehicle running instruction of the central controller of the vehicle, converting the vehicle running instruction into an inverter control instruction, transmitting the inverter control instruction to one or more bottom layer controllers through the internal bus of the converter, receiving state feedback information of the one or more bottom layer controllers and uploading the state feedback information to the central controller;
the bottom layer controller is connected with the top layer controller through an internal bus and is used for sending control signals in real time to drive corresponding rectifier modules or inverter modules according to the instructions sent by the top layer controller and in combination with key analog quantities of the controlled power modules;
the traction converter controllers are correspondingly arranged with traction converters of the power unit, each set of traction converter corresponds to one traction converter controller, and the traction converter controllers are used for controlling the traction converters, sending instructions to rectifier modules in the traction converters and bottom controllers corresponding to the traction inverter modules and receiving feedback signals;
the auxiliary converter controllers are correspondingly arranged with auxiliary converters of the power unit, each auxiliary converter corresponds to one auxiliary converter controller, and the auxiliary converter controllers are used for controlling the auxiliary converters, sending instructions to bottom controllers corresponding to the chopper, the intermediate frequency isolation DC/DC converter and the auxiliary inverter in the auxiliary converters and receiving feedback signals;
the auxiliary converter comprises two sets of boost chopper, two sets of intermediate frequency isolation DC/DC converters, one set of auxiliary inverter and one set of sine filter, wherein the two sets of boost chopper and the two sets of intermediate frequency isolation DC/DC converters work cooperatively and are controlled by using a bottom controller, and the auxiliary inverter is controlled by using the bottom controller;
the bottom layer controller is a bottom layer controller in the converter and is responsible for the operation of the power module, and the bottom layer controller is integrated on the power module.
2. The distributed controller of claim 1, wherein the top controller is configured to receive control commands from a central controller of the vehicle, perform system level control of the converter, and convert the traction and braking control commands into inverter control commands and send the inverter control commands to the bottom controller;
the top layer controller is also used for receiving the state feedback of the converter of the bottom layer controller and feeding back the real-time state of the converter to the central controller of the vehicle.
3. The distributed controller of claim 2, wherein the top level controller is configured to perform converter level control and monitoring according to the requirements of the central controller, comprising:
and starting or stopping the rectifier, the inverter, the chopper, the fan and/or the water pump, operating various contactors and circuit breakers, monitoring the state of the converter in real time, recording system operation data and storing fault information.
4. The distributed controller according to claim 1, wherein the bottom layer controller is configured to execute a control algorithm according to an instruction issued by the top layer controller in combination with a key analog quantity of a current inverter, send control pulses in real time, and drive a switching power semiconductor to complete inverter control;
meanwhile, the bottom layer controller collects analog quantity related to the operation safety of the converter and transmits the analog quantity to the top layer controller to complete system level protection;
the bottom layer controller is also used for executing faster and bottom layer protection so as to cope with serious faults, including monitoring voltage and current in real time and working states of the power devices.
5. The distributed controller of claim 4, wherein the key analog quantities used by the execution control algorithm of the inverter include voltage, current and speed.
6. The distributed controller of claim 4 wherein the analog quantities related to the operational safety of the converter include voltage, current, speed, temperature and pressure.
7. The distributed controller of any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the top level controller is connected to the vehicle bus via a vehicle bus interface circuit and communicates with the bottom level controller via an industrial control local area network.
8. The distributed controller of any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the top level controller comprises a microcontroller and programmable logic device functionally divided into a system level control and protection module, a switching value control and feedback module, a vehicle bus interface module, and an internal bus interface module.
9. The distributed controller of any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the underlying controller comprises a digital signal processor, a microcontroller, and a programmable logic device, functionally divided into an internal bus interface module, an inverter drive control module, an analog acquisition and conversion module, a pulse generation and switching tube state monitoring module.
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| CN114063483B (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2024-04-02 | 株洲中车时代电气股份有限公司 | Traction converter heterogeneous control system software reset restarting method and system |
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| CN206698102U (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2017-12-01 | 中国铁道科学研究院 | A kind of distributed director |
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| US8954210B2 (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2015-02-10 | Electro-Motive Diesel, Inc. | Distributed control system for a locomotive |
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| CN105425642A (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2016-03-23 | 中车大连机车研究所有限公司 | Main control unit of electric locomotive based on QNX (Quick Unix) |
| CN206698102U (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2017-12-01 | 中国铁道科学研究院 | A kind of distributed director |
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