CN107164448A - 一种铁棍怀山药多肽及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种铁棍怀山药多肽及其制备方法。所述制备方法包括如下步骤:在水中,采用蛋白酶对铁棍怀山药生粉进行酶催化降解,即得所述铁棍怀山药多肽;所述铁棍怀山药生粉是由铁棍怀山药经脱水后粉碎得到的;所述蛋白酶为复合植物蛋白酶;所述复合植物蛋白酶由木瓜蛋白酶、无花果蛋白酶和菠萝蛋白酶组成。本发明铁棍怀山药多肽可应用于药品和药品配方、功能食品和功能食品配方、膳食补充剂和膳食补充剂配方、保健食品和保健食品配方、普通食品和普通食品配方,食品和食品配方、老年食品和老年食品配方、婴幼儿食品和婴幼儿食品配方、运动员食品和运动员食品配方。可制作成口服液、片剂、胶囊剂、冲剂、喷剂、膏剂等,也可以制作成饮料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种铁棍怀山药多肽及其制备方法,属于食品和生物活性肽领域。
背景技术
铁棍怀山药是众多山药品种之一,表皮上有像铁锈一样的痕迹,故得名铁棍,以古怀庆府(今河南焦作境内,含博爱、沁阳、武陟、温县等县)所产山药名贵,习称“怀山药”,素有“怀参”之称,为山药中的上品。铁棍怀山药中含皂苷、粘液质、胆碱、山药碱、淀粉、糖蛋白、自由氨基酸、多酚氧化酶、维生素C、碘质、16种氨基酸,还有硒、铁、铜、锌、锰、钙等多种微量元素。
铁棍怀山药有健脾、补肺、固肾、益脑、益精养颜、抗衰老、抗肿瘤、抗疲劳、抗有害物质刺激、调节代谢、增强免疫机能、促进生长、调节内分泌、调节心肺功能、兴奋制血***、调节神经***。山药中含丰富的DHEA(青春因子),是人体生命活动中非常重要得一种活动物质,是环戊烷多氢菲的一种衍生物。环戊烷多氢菲是人体内肾上腺皮质激素和性激素(雌、雄激素)的基本结构。DHEA的主要保健功效是抗衰老、其保健作用的机理是可根据身体的需要转化为雄性激素或***,补充由于衰老和疾病造成的激素失调,从而使人保持旺盛的精力,增强抵御疾病的能力,加速受损组织的修复,并能预防和减缓恶性肿瘤、糖尿病、动脉硬化、心脏病、肥胖、老年痴呆症等。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种铁棍怀山药多肽及其制备方法,本发明铁棍怀山药多肽以铁棍怀山药生粉为底物,从而保留了铁棍怀山药中对人体有益的各种生物素和各种微量元素;其中的微量元素能够与铁棍怀山药多肽中的小肽螯合,形成小肽螯合钙、小肽熬合铁、小肽熬合锌等,极易被人体吸收;本发明铁棍怀山药多肽对改善性功能有特殊疗效。
本发明所提供的铁棍怀山药多肽的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
在水中,采用蛋白酶对铁棍怀山药生粉进行酶催化降解,即得所述铁棍怀山药多肽。
上述的制备方法中,所述铁棍怀山药生粉是由铁棍怀山药经脱水后粉碎得到的;
所述脱水步骤按照现有的步骤进行即可,如烘烤、自然风干等方法;
本发明以铁棍怀山药生粉作为底物,可以保留铁棍怀山药中含有的对人体有益的微量元素和生物素,解决了以铁棍怀山药分离蛋白为底物时导致的铁棍怀山药中对人体有益的各种微量元素和生物素流失的问题。
上述的制备方法中,所述蛋白酶可为复合植物蛋白酶;
所述复合植物蛋白酶由木瓜蛋白酶、无花果蛋白酶和菠萝蛋白酶组成。
上述的制备方法中,所述木瓜蛋白酶、所述无花果蛋白酶与所述菠萝蛋白酶的酶活力比可为100~120万U:30~40万U:560~700万U;
本发明中,酶活力单位U指的是在特定条件下(25℃,pH7.0),每1分钟转化1微摩尔的底物所需的酶量或转化1微摩尔的有关基团所需的酶量。
上述的制备方法中,所述铁棍怀山药生粉与所述水的质量比可为1:8~10;
所述木瓜蛋白酶的用量可为5~6万U/g所述铁棍怀山药生粉;
所述无花果蛋白酶的用量可为1.5~2万U/g所述铁棍怀山药生粉;
所述菠萝蛋白酶的用量可为28~35万U/g所述铁棍怀山药生粉。
上述的制备方法中,所述酶催化降解的条件如下:
温度为44~46℃;
时间为1~3小时;
pH值为7.5~8.5。
上述的制备方法中,所述方法还包括如下步骤:
对所述酶催化降解的酶解液进行灭菌和酶灭活处理,然后进行冷却和冷冻;
所述灭菌和酶灭活的条件可为:温度100℃,时间6分钟;
所述冷冻的条件可为:温度为3~7℃,时间为46小时。
本发明方法所制备的铁棍怀山药多肽也属于本发明的保护范围。
所述铁棍怀山药多肽可以以浓缩液、冻干粉、喷雾干燥干粉、水剂或固体剂的形式存在。
本发明制备得到的铁棍怀山药多肽,含有多肽、寡肽、16种氨基酸、多种微量元素(钙0.2%、钾2.62%、磷0.2%、镁0.14%、铁53.57ppm、锌29.22ppm、铜10.58ppm、锰5.38ppm)、维生素(VA、VC、VE、Bl、B2、B6、B12),其中的钙及微量元素能够与小肽螯合,形成小肽螯合钙、小肽螯合铁、小肽螯合锌、小肽螯合镁、小肽螯合铜、小肽螯合锰、小肽螯合钾、小肽螯合磷,人体极易吸收受益。其中的多肽和寡肽的相对分子质量均在1000Da以下,由2~6个氨基酸组成。
本发明铁棍怀山药多肽可应用于药品和药品配方、功能食品和功能食品配方、膳食补充剂和膳食补充剂配方、保健食品和保健食品配方、普通食品和普通食品配方,食品和食品配方、老年食品和老年食品配方、婴幼儿食品和婴幼儿食品配方、运动员食品和运动员食品配方。可制作成口服液、片剂、胶囊剂、冲剂、喷剂、膏剂等,也可以制作成饮料。
具体实施方式
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
下述实施例中使用的蛋白酶的酶活力如下:
木瓜蛋白酶的酶活力为100~120万U,无花果蛋白酶的酶活力为30~40万U,菠萝蛋白酶的酶活力为560~700万U;
其中,酶活力单位U指的是在特定条件下(25℃,pH7.0),每1分钟转化1微摩尔的底物所需的酶量或转化1微摩尔的有关基团所需的酶量。
实施例1、制备铁棍怀山药多肽
在GMP无菌条件下制备铁棍怀山药多肽。
将铁棍怀山药去皮、清洗、切制,然后在自然条件下进行风干脱水(至含水率为0.1%),然后粉碎至粉末,即得到铁棍怀山药生粉。
将铁棍怀山药生粉按照质量比为1:9分散于水中,然后加入复合植物蛋白酶,该复合植物蛋白酶由木瓜蛋白酶、无花果蛋白酶和菠萝蛋白酶组成,用量分别为:木瓜蛋白酶的用量为5.5万U/g铁棍怀山药生粉,无花果蛋白酶的用量为1.8万U/g铁棍怀山药生粉,菠萝蛋白酶的用量为30万U/g铁棍怀山药生粉。在温度为45℃、pH值为8.0的条件下,复合植物蛋白酶对铁棍怀山药生粉进行酶催化降解2小时。酶催化降解反应结束后,在温度为100℃的条件下对酶解液进行灭菌和酶灭活处理6分钟,然后再进行冷却、冷冻处理(在3~7℃的条件下处理46小时),即得到本发明铁棍怀山药小分子活性多肽。
可根据不同需求,制备成浓缩液、冻干粉、喷雾干燥干粉、水剂或固体剂的形式。
以铁棍怀山药分离蛋白(分离方法:山药粗蛋白质经DEAE-52纤维素层析柱及Sephadex G-100层析柱纯化,得到两个蛋白质组分PDOT-1和PDOT-2,经SDS-PAGE电泳,发现蛋白质分子质量分布在20kD、31kD、50kD和66kD)为底物,按照上述方法(条件相同)进行酶催化降解,得到铁棍怀山药多肽对照品。
本实施例制备的铁棍怀山药小分子活性多肽中游离钙的含量约为0.2%,余量的钙元素全部以肽螯合钙的形式存在于铁棍怀山药肽中。
同时检测到本发明制备的铁棍怀山药小分子活性多肽中含有大量的小肽螯合铁、小肽螯合锌等小肽螯合物以及各种生物素(皂苷、粘液质、胆碱、山药碱、淀粉、糖蛋白、自由氨基酸、多酚氧化酶、维生素C、碘质);而铁棍怀山药多肽对照品中检测不到或仅能检测到痕量的上述成分。
上述检测结果表明,本发明以铁棍怀山药生粉替代铁棍怀山药生粉分离蛋白作为底物,保留了铁棍怀山药中对人体有益的各种生物素和各种微量元素。
由上述测试结果看出,铁棍怀山药所含的蛋白质是大分子蛋白质,人食后不易消化吸收和利用,而通过本发明酶解的方式对其降解制成小分子活性多肽后,人食不需消化直接吸收,使铁棍怀山药对人体有益的各种常量元素和微量元素的功效得到超常发挥。
Claims (8)
1.一种铁棍怀山药多肽的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
在水中,采用蛋白酶对铁棍怀山药生粉进行酶催化降解,即得所述铁棍怀山药多肽。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述铁棍怀山药生粉是由铁棍怀山药经脱水后粉碎得到的。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述蛋白酶为复合植物蛋白酶;
所述复合植物蛋白酶由木瓜蛋白酶、无花果蛋白酶和菠萝蛋白酶组成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述木瓜蛋白酶、所述无花果蛋白酶与所述菠萝蛋白酶的酶活力比为100~120万U:30~40万U:560~700万U。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述铁棍怀山药生粉与所述水的质量比为1:8~10;
所述木瓜蛋白酶的用量为5~6万U/g所述铁棍怀山药生粉;
所述无花果蛋白酶的用量为1.5~2万U/g所述铁棍怀山药生粉;
所述菠萝蛋白酶的用量为28~35万U/g所述铁棍怀山药生粉。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述酶催化降解的条件如下:
温度为44~46℃;
时间为1~3小时;
pH值为7.5~8.5。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述方法还包括如下步骤:
对所述酶催化降解的酶解液进行灭菌和酶灭活处理,然后进行冷却和冷冻。
8.权利要求1-7中任一项所述方法制备的铁棍怀山药多肽。
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