CN107143298A - 石油井口环空密封装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种石油井口环空密封装置,用于井口密封本体与石油管间环空的密封,于密封本体的内壁面开有至少一道环槽,并在密封本体上开有连通到环槽离心端的注入孔;从而石油井口环空密封装置进一步包括:密封圈,嵌装于所述环槽,该密封圈通过与环槽壁面接合用于在径向密封环槽,并通过与石油管外壁接合而用于对环空密封;动力圈,装在所述环槽内,并介于环槽槽底与密封圈间;以及注入组件,装于注入孔的入口,用于注入给定压强的流体,以使动力圈推动密封圈压紧石油管。依据本发明密封件变形能力要求较低,但能够有效提高密封能力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种石油井口环空密封装置。
背景技术
石油钻井与采油最常用工作温度的范围KU(-60℃至121℃),工作温度范围比较大,并且石油管材的外圆公差按5.5英寸石油管计,其外圆公差是其直径尺寸+1%D到-0.5%D(石油管密封间隙远大于液压行业的密封间隙的原因是石油管的密封面即石油管外径公差很大),其中D为5.5英寸的外径尺寸。由此所产生的石油管与套在石油管上的密封本体(即井口装置)间会形成一个环空,对环空部分的密封至少应有2.495毫米间隙的密封能力。如此大的间隙对任何橡胶密封件都是考验,并且工况极其恶劣,例如-60℃至121℃的工况,并且待密封介质介质含有硫化氢等腐蚀流体。
井口装置与石油管间环空的现有密封方法主要有三种:BT密封、P型密封、FS密封。这三种密封装置均使用橡胶件作为主体密封件,橡胶件内加金属骨架,利用注入密封脂或内嵌弹簧提供密封动力来密封井口装置与石油管之间的环空。这几种密封方法是石油井口行业先行者们在上世纪六十年代至七十年代测绘并仿制美国进口密封圈经改进而成。
其缺点是:
1.橡胶的耐高温性能差,虽然名义上高等级橡胶可以耐受摄氏121度以上的高温,但如果在此高温下承受0至138MPa的压力并且是大间隙条件下的腐蚀性流体压力则密封失败率很高。进口或国内替代进口厂家因其加工工艺复杂,而导致废品率偏高,成本也比较高,例如5-1/2″规格的密封圈,其市场价格也近千元人民币。
2.密封件的金属骨架进一步增加了橡胶密封件的加工难度,另外,基于金属骨架定位,国内大多采用二次硫化工艺,虽然解决了金属骨架固定的问题,但也使密封件的耐高温性能和强度大幅下降。
中国专利文献CN 101984214 A公开了一种用于井口油管与套管间环空密封的补偿式环形防喷器,其密封件是环形防喷胶套,该防喷胶套外设密封缸,从而与密封缸间形成冲液空间,利用液体压力,使防喷胶套胀开,从而实现环空的密封。防喷胶套为获得比较大的径向胀开度,需要具有比较大的轴向长度,需要占据的空间较大,并且如前所述,其材质是橡胶,在不配置骨架(即金属骨架)的条件下,尽管降低了加工难度,但自身也容易失效。
中国专利文献CN205823223U对于井口环空的密封有赖于压紧螺帽的下压,使封隔单元产生径向膨胀,从而填充井口环空的径向空间实现密封。然而,为实现基于径向膨胀实现密封,一方面需要封隔单元具有比较高的变形能力,另一方面,对其变形应有比较好的可控性。然而,如前所述,井口环空比较大,单纯的径向膨胀实现环空密封的难度比较大,另外封隔单元是弹性件,径向膨胀的可控性本身就比较差,要求封隔单元具有极高的各向同性,否则难以实现径向变形的可控性。
同样地,例如中国专利文献CN204252908U也采用依靠丝堵挤压胶芯的方式实现对井口环空的封固。
此外,里如中国专利文献CN202673223U,其与中国专利文献CN205823223U,以及CN204252908U都依赖于橡胶件的径向变形实现环空密封。用以实现密封的作动件是两个硬胶筒,需要通过轴向的液压力或者机械力压缩这两个硬胶筒,而轴向活动件较多,装配空间比较小,硬胶筒驱动装置装配难度相对较大。
以上现有技术普遍采用变形量比较大的橡胶件,如前所述,橡胶件对环境温度的耐受度比较低,容易失效。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种对密封件变形能力要求较低,但能够有效提高密封能力的石油井口环空密封装置。
依据本发明的实施例,提供一种石油井口环空密封装置,用于井口密封本体与石油管间环空的密封,于密封本体的内壁面开有至少一道环槽,并在密封本体上开有连通到环槽离心端的注入孔;从而石油井口环空密封装置进一步包括:
密封圈,嵌装于所述环槽,该密封圈通过与环槽壁面接合用于在径向密封环槽,并通过与石油管外壁接合而用于对环空密封;
动力圈,装在所述环槽内,并介于环槽槽底与密封圈间;以及
注入组件,装于注入孔的入口,用于注入给定压强的流体,以使动力圈推动密封圈压紧石油管。
上述石油井口环空密封装置,可选地,所述注入组件包括一单向阀。
可选地,所述注入组件包括一管体,该管体的两端均具有连接螺纹;
其中,一端连接螺纹用于管体与注入孔的固定连接,另一端连接螺纹则用于配装封帽,以通过封帽封堵管件。
可选地,所述单向阀位于管体内。
可选地,密封圈的密封体的断面为矩形。
可选地,密封圈的密封体的断面为方形,动力圈的密封体的断面为圆形;
其中,动力圈与环槽的壁面接合实现密封径向密封。
可选地,所述密封圈为聚四氟乙烯密封圈或覆聚四氟乙烯密封圈;
动力圈为O型橡胶密封圈、O型聚四氟乙烯密封圈或O型覆覆聚四氟乙烯密封圈。
可选地,动力圈与密封圈为分立的两个部件或者为一体结构;
若为分立的两个部件时,在环槽内的装配时,两部件固定连接,或者动力圈的内面与密封圈的外面接合。
可选地,所述环槽有两道。
可选地,注入孔为密封本体径向的径向孔;两道环槽配装密封圈后所约束的环空的轴向空间通过一径向孔连通一试压口。
依据本发明的实施例,受环槽的约束,密封圈的变形的可控性比较好,此外,密封圈受环槽在径向的导引,其变形只需要考虑在密封主体径向的变形,对变形量的要求相对较小,从而可以选择变形能力相对不高但耐温性、耐腐蚀性更好的材质。动力圈与环槽槽底的空间刚度相对较大,并且空间也相对较小(比中国专利文献CN101984214A中防喷胶套与密封缸体间的空间要小很多)通过注入组件注入的给定压强的流体对动力圈的作动作用的方向性更强,变形的不确定性更小,从而易于实现更加可靠的密封。
附图说明
图1为一实施例中石油井口环空密封装置在井口设备上装配结构示意图。
图2为图1的A部放大图。
图3为一实施例中石油井口环控密封装置主剖结构示意图。
图4为图3的Z部放大图。
图中:1.注入组件,2.注入孔,3.动力圈,4.密封圈,5.石油管,6.密封本体,7.试压口,8.试压口,9.井口套管头。
11.封帽,12.丝头,13.连接头。
具体实施方式
参照说明书附图1,是一套石油井口套管头,是一些实施例中井口环空密封装置在井口设备上的装配结构,其整体上是立式结构,或者说是竖直设置的,是石油钻井过程中悬挂套管头和密封套管环空的装置,其中的套管头即为图中所示的密封本体6,是石油井口的一部分(石油井口包括:套管头、油管头和采油树三部分)。
如背景技术部分所述,密封本体6与石油管5间因石油管5的公差带比较宽,而具有比较大的环空。
可以理解的是,基于管件以及围绕管件所配装的其他部件,径向、轴向和周向通常以所围绕的管件为参考基准。
那么如图3所示的石油井口环空密封装置即用于井口密封本体6与石油管5间环空的密封,图中所示的密封本体6与石油管5同轴线,且密封本体6套在石油管5上,由于石油管5存在比较宽的公差带,密封本体6与石油管5间存在一定宽度的环空。
密封本体6具有用于石油管5穿过的中心孔,该中心孔内如图4所示设有内孔环槽,简称环槽,内孔环槽一般由内孔环槽切刀或者镗刀加工,环槽至少能够容置密封圈4和动力圈3,其中动力圈3的外侧,也就是径向方向的离心侧最好留有一定的空间,而不是紧贴环槽槽底,使动力圈3具备相对较大的承压面积,从而能够获得比较大的推动力。
在一些实施例中,如果动力圈3的外侧或者说离心侧为柱面时,基于与环槽槽底的接合,仍然具有相对比较大的受压面积。
应当理解,受压面积是径向方向上的正压面积,或者与径向方向相垂直的面的投影面积。
图4中所示的环槽槽身断面为矩形,槽底为竖直面。进而通过流体通道引入用于推动动力圈3的流体,流体通道可以采用如图1和3中所示的注入孔2,也可以采用其他类型的流体通道形式,另外可以理解的是,由于流体通道的加工通常是采用深孔钻钻销而成,因此,图1和图3中所示的注入孔2尽可能的简单,例如图1中所示的径向孔,一次钻销即可完成。
在一些实施例中,流体通道可以通过两次钻销完成,其包含水平部分和竖直部分,其中的水平部分可以就是图1中所示的注入孔2,进而从密封本体6的上端面起钻钻销一与注入孔2垂直的立孔,流体配管在密封本体6的上端。
关于所述流体,优选粘度相对较大的脂类密封剂,不容易产生从密封圈4的向心侧泄露。当然也不排除其他流体的使用。
关于所述密封圈4,在一些实施例中,如图4所示,将其嵌装于所述环槽,具体地,密封圈4位于环槽的槽口端,从而能够与石油管5,通过机械接合实现密封。
密封通过径向的移动抱紧石油管,相对而言,密封圈4的变形量要求相对较小,从而可以不必选择变形量比较大,但耐高温、耐腐蚀性比较低的橡胶密封件。而是可以选择变形量相对较小,但耐高温、耐腐蚀性比较好的材质,例如聚四氟乙烯,从而能够延长井口密封装置的维护周期。
关于密封圈4也可以采用覆聚四氟乙烯密封圈,即在常规密封圈的表面覆有一层聚四氟乙烯。
密封圈4与环槽上下壁面所约束的结构采用过盈配合,并基于自身变形能够在一定推力下向心运动而抱紧石油管5。
关于动力圈3,也装在所述环槽内,并介于环槽槽底与密封圈4间,提供密封圈4收紧的挤压力。
关于注入孔2的配管部分,其部分结构可以构造为注入组件1,如图1所示,注入组件1装于注入孔2的入口,如图1中所示的注入孔2的在密封本体6的离心端。
通过注入组件1用于导入给定压强的流体,从而使动力圈3的离心侧受压而收缩,进而箍紧密封圈4,使密封圈4收缩,从而抱紧石油管5,而实现对环空的在石油管5轴向的密封。
在一些实施例中,如图2所示,所述注入组件1包括一单向阀,单向阀可以有效减少反压的影响。
在一些实施例中,可以采用注入管加注例如密封脂,利用注入管的加注压力持压。
对于单向阀可以采用可控单向阀,即可以控制阀芯,而是单向阀反向导通。
在图2所示的结构中,所述注入组件1包括一管体,也可以理解为注入组件1的本体,该管体的两端均具有连接螺纹。
其中,一端连接螺纹用于管体与注入孔2的固定连接,另一端连接螺纹则用于配装封帽11,以通过封帽11封堵管件。
相应地,注入孔2的离心端含有内螺纹部分,以用于与管体通过螺纹进行连接。
如图2所示,单向阀结构相对简单,直接构造在管体上,其包括一个阀球,在流体注入方向的反向,提供一弹簧压紧阀球,从而构造出单向阀。
密封圈4的密封体的断面优选为矩形,尤其是密封圈4的内侧面,即朝向石油管5的侧面,以使环空具有比较大的密封界面面积。
此外,矩形端面的密封体,使密封圈4的上下面也与环槽的壁面具有相对较大的接合面面积。
进一步地,密封圈4的密封体的断面为方形,动力圈3的密封体的断面为圆形,从而可以减小环槽的深度,前面对此原理已经进行了说明,即初始阶段,使动力圈3具有相对较大的承压面积。
相应地,动力圈3与环槽的壁面接合实现密封径向密封。
优选地,所述密封圈4为聚四氟乙烯密封圈.
对于动力圈3,可以采用常规的O型橡胶密封圈,其不同于密封圈4,不与环空内的气体接触。在一些实施例中,动力圈3优选O型聚四氟乙烯密封圈。
动力圈3与密封圈4可以采用分立的两个部件,也可以采用一体结构,采用一体结构时,优选两者采用相同的材质。
若为分立的两个部件时,在环槽内的装配时,两部件固定连接,或者动力圈3的内面与密封圈4的外面接合。
如图1所示,在优选的实施例中,所述环槽有两道。
优选地,注入孔2为密封本体6径向的径向孔;两道环槽配装密封圈4后所约束的环空的轴向空间通过一径向孔连通一试压口7,以便于对环控密封进行检测。
在一些实施例中,如图1所示,还配有试压口8,试压口8的出口位于最下面注入孔2的下侧,可以用于初期的密封检测。
Claims (10)
1.一种石油井口环空密封装置,用于井口密封本体与石油管间环空的密封,其特征在于,于密封本体的内壁面开有至少一道环槽,并在密封本体上开有连通到环槽离心端的注入孔;从而石油井口环空密封装置进一步包括:
密封圈,嵌装于所述环槽,该密封圈通过与环槽壁面接合用于在径向密封环槽,并通过与石油管外壁接合而用于对环空密封;
动力圈,装在所述环槽内,并介于环槽槽底与密封圈间;以及
注入组件,装于注入孔的入口,用于注入给定压强的流体,以使动力圈推动密封圈压紧石油管。
2.根据权利要求1所述的石油井口环空密封装置,其特征在于,所述注入组件包括一单向阀。
3.根据权利要求2所述的石油井口环空密封装置,其特征在于,所述注入组件包括一管体,该管体的两端均具有连接螺纹;
其中,一端连接螺纹用于管体与注入孔的固定连接,另一端连接螺纹则用于配装封帽,以通过封帽封堵管件。
4.根据权利要求3所述的石油井口环空密封装置,其特征在于,所述单向阀位于管体内。
5.根据权利要求1~4任一所述的石油井口环空密封装置,其特征在于,密封圈的密封体的断面为矩形。
6.根据权利要求5所述的石油井口环空密封装置,其特征在于,密封圈的密封体的断面为方形,动力圈的密封体的断面为圆形;
其中,动力圈与环槽的壁面接合实现密封径向密封。
7.根据权利要求1~4任一所述的石油井口环空密封装置,其特征在于,所述密封圈为聚四氟乙烯密封圈或覆聚四氟乙烯密封圈;
动力圈为O型橡胶密封圈、O型聚四氟乙烯密封圈或O型覆覆聚四氟乙烯密封圈。
8.根据权利要求7所述的石油井口环空密封装置,其特征在于,动力圈与密封圈为分立的两个部件或者为一体结构;
若为分立的两个部件时,在环槽内的装配时,两部件固定连接,或者动力圈的内面与密封圈的外面接合。
9.根据权利要求1~4任一所述的石油井口环空密封装置,其特征在于,所述环槽有两道。
10.根据权利要求9所述的石油井口环空密封装置,其特征在于,注入孔为密封本体径向的径向孔;两道环槽配装密封圈后所约束的环空的轴向空间通过一径向孔连通一试压口。
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CN112127825B (zh) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-02-09 | 东营华辰石油装备有限公司 | 一种整体式井口装置 |
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