CN1071412C - 低温泵*** - Google Patents
低温泵*** Download PDFInfo
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- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
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- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
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- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2225/0107—Single phase
- F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
- F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
- F17C2227/0135—Pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
- F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
- F17C2227/0135—Pumps
- F17C2227/015—Pumps with cooling of the pump
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
- F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
- F17C2227/0393—Localisation of heat exchange separate using a vaporiser
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/01—Intermediate tanks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
一种用来起动低温泵工作的***,其中与该低温泵相连通的抽吸管和该低温泵本身通过使用单独的基于温度的操纵***而被顺序地带入到适当的冷却温度。
Description
本发明一般地涉及低温泵,更准确地说涉及低温泵抽吸操作的起动。
在许多工业应用场合,象氧、氮、氩和氢这样的工业用燃气都是通过输送管道或从位于使用地点的现场的生产工厂以连续的方式向该使用地点供应。在这种连续使用的情况下,一个备用***是必不可少的,以便当通向该使用地点的工业燃气气流发生中断时,由该***向该使用地点提供燃气直到该主燃气供应***重新与输送管接通为止。
一个工业燃气备用***通常包括一个装有大量低温液体的高压贮液罐和一个使该低温液体气化的汽化器。然后把所产生的工业燃气输送到该使用地点。该高压贮液罐只装有少量液体。如果该主燃气由于工作时间延长而供应中断,该高压贮液罐就需要补充。在这种情况下,使用一个低温泵把低温液体从一个大型低压贮液器输送到该高压贮液罐中。
在该低温泵把低温液体从该大型低压贮液器输送到该高压贮液罐中去之前,必须先把该泵冷却到一个适当的低温温度,以保证该液体在到达该泵以前不会发生汽化。低温泵在含有气体或液体或蒸气的混合物时将不能工作。
为抽吸低温液体,在工业燃气生产中使用了两种方法来把低温泵冷却到适当温度。最广泛使用的方法是时基法,其中在该泵起动以前,先将泵冷却一段固定的时间。这种方法比较简单但可能是不经济的,因为对于每个特定情况来说正确的冷却时间将是不同的,因而该冷却时间必须设定为有一定裕度以保证在所有情况下都能完全冷却到该适当温度。此外,该方法的另一个缺点是使该泵受冷却的时间太长。如果该液体在该泵中保持时间太长,它将通过周围的热渗透而开始汽化,因而阻止了泵的运转。另一种方法是蒸气压办法,其中在通向该泵的抽吸管上安装了一个该低温液体的增压泡,当抽吸该液体的适当条件达到后,该泡即产生显示。这种方法已被证明是不可靠的,因为该增压泡随着时间的加长易于产生泄漏,此外这种方法具有一个固有的响应滞后时间,因为该相应的输出压力信号需要在该泡中的液体靠着外部温度发生冷凝后才能产生。
因此本发明的目的是提供一种经过改进的低温泵***,该***能够有效地进行冷却从而使泵的起动十分可靠。
本发明能够达到上述和其它目的,本领域技术人员在阅读了本说明书之后将对此一清二楚,本发明的一个方面的内容是:
一种用于低温泵***的起动操作的方法,该低温泵***包括一个装有低温液体的低压贮液器,一根从该低压贮液器通向低温泵的抽吸管,该抽吸管具有一根其上装有一个旁通阀的旁通管,一根与该低温泵相连通并且其上装有一个冷却管阀的冷却管,一个高压贮液罐以及一根从该低温泵通向该高压贮液罐并且其上装有一个输出阀的输出管,该方法包括:
(A)使低温液体从该低压贮液器通过该抽吸管和该旁通阀,并且对该抽吸管的温度进行监测;
(B)当该的抽吸管的温度达到所要求的低温后,关闭该旁通阀,使低温液体从该低压贮液器通过该抽吸管和该低温泵,并且对该低温泵的温度进行监测;
(C)当该低温泵的温度达到所要求的低温后,打开该旁通阀,使低温液体充满该抽吸管、低温泵和冷却管,然后关闭该旁通阀和该冷却管阀并且起动该低温泵;以及
(D)把低温液体从该低温泵通过该输出管和输出阀抽送到该高压贮液罐中去。
本发明的另一个方面的内容是:
一种低温泵***,包括:
(A)一个低压贮液器,一个低温泵和一个高压贮液罐;
(B)一根与该低压贮液器和该低温泵相连通的抽吸管,该抽吸管具有一根其上装有一个用来使液体流出该***的旁通阀和用来监测该抽吸管的温度的装置的旁通管;
(C)一根与该低温泵相连通阀且其上装有一个用来使液体流出该***的冷却管阀的冷却管;
(D)用来监测该低温泵的温度的装置;以及
(E)一根与该低温泵和该高压贮液罐相连通并且其上装有一个输出阀的输出管。
此处所用的术语“低温液体”是指一种在温度通常约小于150°K和环境压力的条件下能以液体形式存在的液体。
此处所用的术语“低温泵”是指一种能增加低温液体的压力并且能使该液体通过管道输送出去的机械装置。
该唯一的附图是本发明低温泵***的一个最佳实施例的一个简化的示意图。
本发明包括一个新型的温度基低温泵冷却***,其中通向低温泵的该抽吸管或输入管和该低温泵本身在开始抽吸以前被顺序地冷却。这种温度基的顺序冷却可以使该泵以比常规冷却方法更快的速度有效地冷却到适当的低温温度,并且与局部的初始条件无关和没有低温液体的大量浪费。
本发明将参照附图进行详细说明,该附图中示出了用来实施本发明的一个备用的工业燃气供应***。下面请参看附图,管1通向工业用燃气的一个使用地点。例如,氧气可以用于炼钢、玻璃制造、造纸等设备中,氮气可以用于热处理、钝化处理、二次采油和采气和半导体生产中,氩气可以用于炼钢和覆盖工艺中以及氢气可以用于氢化或燃烧的用途。该工业燃气通过一个主供应装置(例如与该使用地点处于同一现场的专用工厂)供应给使用地点,或者从一个集中的大型工业燃气生产工厂或工厂组合通过输送管道供应。在通向使用地点的工业燃气的主气流发生中断的情况下,阀2被打开,加压的低温液体从加压的贮液罐3通过管4进入汽化器5中。该加压的低温液体在汽化器5中汽化,所产生的高压工业燃气从汽化器5中流出通过道6和阀2,再经过管1输送到该使用地点。该气流一直连续供应直到该工业燃气的主气流恢复对该使用地点的供应为止。
该低温液体处于高压状态下,在贮液罐3中的低温液体的绝对压力范围通常为50~500磅/平方英寸(绝对压)。因此,高压贮液罐3的容量不大,因为保持大量的加压低温液体处于备用状态是很昂贵的。一般高压贮液罐3的尺寸大小大约可向该使用地点供应30分钟的工业燃气流。如果该工业燃气的主气流对使用地点的中断供应时间不是短时间的话,就必须对罐3中的该加压低温液体进行补充。本发明可以快速、有效和经济地补充该加压低温液体。
本发明的低温泵***包括低压贮液器7和低温泵8。低压贮液器7中装有诸如液氧、液氮、液氩或液氢这类的低温液体。贮液器7中的低温液体处于低压状态下,通常其压力范围为15~20磅/平方英寸(绝对压)。低压贮液器7的容量一般为高压贮液罐3的容量的10~100倍。
当处于备用状态时,泵8处于环境温度下而装在从贮液器7通向泵8的抽吸管10上的阀9处于关闭状态。旁通阀11、冷却管阀12、输出阀13和回流阀15此时也处于关闭状态。当贮液罐3中的低温液体供应需要补充时,阀9被打开,低温液体从低压贮液器7通过抽吸管10。由于贮液器7的液面高度(一般为30~50英尺)和该贮液器的液面压力(一般为15~20磅/平方英寸(绝对压))的共同作用,该液体产生了流动。
旁通阀11装在抽吸管10的旁通管14上并且随着阀9的打开而打开。此时冷却管19上的冷却管阀12也被打开。低温度体从低压贮液器7通过抽吸管10和旁通阀11,同时用热电偶16在最靠近该低温泵处监测抽吸管10的温度。当低温液体冷却抽吸管10时,它自己就被汽化,所产生的蒸汽和剩余的液体通过排出气容器17和汽化器18排出该***之外。某些蒸汽也许还有某些液体将通过低温泵8和阀12流出***之外,但是如果该流体是蒸汽,由于通过该低温泵的流动阻力较大,在初始阶段来自贮液器7的绝大部分流体仍将从旁通管14而不是泵8中通过。
当该抽吸管的监测温度达到所要求的低温给定值(通常在该低温液体沸腾温度的30°K以内)时,表明此时该抽吸管已经达到该冷却温度,旁通阀11就被关闭,使来自贮液器7的低温液体直接从抽吸管10通过泵8,因而冷却了低温泵8。此后,该液体又流过在泵8下游并与该泵连通的冷却管19。如前所述,所产生的带有某些液体的蒸汽通过排出气容器17和汽化器18排出该***之外。热电偶27监测冷却管19的温度并且据此调整阀12的打开程度,以便为冷却泵8提供高效的液体利用。如果没有热电偶27和阀12的温度控制作用,液体就可能过快地通过该泵而没有汽化,从而导致低效的工作。
当低温液体通过低温泵8时,泵8的温度可以通过象热电偶20这样的器件来监测。当该低温泵的监测温度达到所要求的低温给定值(通常为该液体沸腾温度的40~50°K以内)即冷却温度时,旁通阀11重新打开,阀12同通过热电偶27进行的温度控制相脱离而被完全打开。这样可使液体充满抽吸管、该低温泵和冷却管,即蒸汽被冲清,该***充满液体以便形成理想的泵起动条件。在起动该泵以前,将阀12关闭并且把回流阀15打开。最好起动该泵时使该阀11再打开一个短时间(通常为2~10秒)然后再把旁通阀11关闭。该泵的输出通过阀15和管21而回流到贮液器7中。在排出达到某个高压值以前,这种情况提供了泵的稳定性。在向低压贮液器7回流一段时间以后(通常该时间范围为30秒至2分,大约在1分钟左右),该泵的输出就逐渐转移到高压贮液罐3中。该转移通过打开输出阀13和缓慢地关闭回流阀15来实现,从而使低温泵8的输出通过输出管22、输出阀13和输出止回阀23进入管24和贮液罐3中。罐3中的压力由升压回路25独立控制。把该泵的输出直接排入该高压贮液罐中避免了对该泵输出的压力控制的任何需要,例如无需通过一个该输出管上的压力控制阀来控制压力。此外,罐3的容积也为该泵的输出提供了一个比较恒定的压力。当回流阀15完全关闭后,来自泵8的所有输出都流入罐3中,这种运行情况将连续进行直到罐3被充满为止。在对该使用地点的主燃气供应仍未进行的情况下,低温泵8将继续工作并将过剩的流量通过管26回流到低压贮液器7内。这样就避免了对该低温泵的重复起动和停止,从而节省了电力和低温液体。
通过使用本发明的温度基控制方法,人们可以以一种与该特定的泵的现有具体条件所要求的冷却时间相适合的方式起动一个低温泵***,并且只需要用最少量的低温液体就能达到该必要的冷却条件。首先冷却该抽吸管,然后再冷却低温泵的该顺序冷却方法与常规方法相比,减少了把整个***冷到低温温度所需要的总的时间。通过使用旁通管14和旁通阀11,由抽吸管冷却所产生的大部分蒸汽不从该低温泵通过。因此该低温泵具有特定的内部几何形状,通过该泵的蒸汽流动将受到限制,从而将增加达到***冷却所需要的总的时间。阀11可使蒸汽在初始冷却步骤中绕过该泵,以实现该抽吸管的快速冷却,接着再通过旁路液体通向该泵以把该泵快速冷却。
虽然本发明的已经参照一个实施例作了详细的说明,本领域技术人员应当认识到在本发明的权利要求书所规定的精神和范围内还有其他的实施方案。例如,本领域技术人员将认识到,在工业环境中可以并联使用两台低温泵的便在其中的一台泵出故障时仍能保证安全和成功的运行。此外,每个温度控制的阀都可以有一个故障后计时开关(timedefault switch),该开关可以在该热电偶驱动***出故障后的一个规定时间把该阀打开。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于低温泵***的起动操作的方法,该低温泵***包括一个装有低温液体的低压贮液器,一根从该低压贮液器通向低温泵的抽吸管,该抽吸管具有一根其上装有一个旁通阀的旁通管,一根与该低温泵相连通并且其上装有一个冷却管阀的冷却管,一个高压贮液罐以及一根从该低温泵通向该高压贮液罐并且其上装有一个输出阀的输出管,该方法包括:
(A)使低温液体从该低压贮液器通过该抽吸管和该旁通阀,并且对该抽吸管的温度进行监测;
(B)当该抽吸管的温度达到所要求的低温后,关闭该旁通阀,使低温液体从该低压贮液器通过该抽吸管和该低温泵,并且对该低温泵的温度进行监测;
(C)当该低温泵的温度达到所要求的低温后,打开该旁通阀,使低温液体充满该抽吸管、低温泵和冷却管,然后关闭该旁通阀和该冷却管阀并且起动该低温泵;以及
(D)把低温液体从该低温泵通过该输出管和输出阀抽送到该高压贮液罐中去。
2.如权利要求1中所述的方法,其特征在于:该低温液体可从液氧、液氮、液氩和液氢中选取。
3.如权利要求1中所述的方法,其特征在于:该抽吸管的温度是在该抽吸管的旁通管处监测的。
4.如权利要求1中所述的方法,其特征在于:该抽吸管所要求的低温在该低温液体的沸腾温度至低于该低温液体的沸腾温度的30°K的范围以内。
5.如权利要求1中所述的方法,其特征在于:该抽吸管所要求的低温在该低温液体的沸腾温度至低于该低温液体的沸腾温度的40°K的范围以内。
6.如权利要求1中所述的方法,其特征在于:该方法还包括使低温液体从高压贮液罐通到该低压贮液器中。
7.如权利要求1中所述的方法,其特征在于:该方法还包括把低温液体从低温泵抽送到该高压贮液罐中去。
8.一种低温泵***,包括:
(A)一个低压贮液器,一个低温泵和一个高压贮液罐;
(B)一根与该低压贮液器和该低温泵相连通的抽吸管,该抽吸管具有一根其上装有一个用来使液体流出该***的旁通阀和用来监测该抽吸管的温度的装置的旁通管;
(C)一根与该低温泵相连通并且其上装有一个用来使液体流出该***的冷却管阀的冷却管;
(D)用来监测该低温泵的温度的装置;以及
(E)一根与该低温泵和该高压贮液罐相连通并且其上装有一个输出阀的输出管。
9.如权利要求8中所述的低温泵***,其特征在于:该低压贮液器的容积是该高压贮液罐的容积的10~100倍。
10.如权利要求8中所述的低温泵***,其特征在于:该***还包括用来使液体从该高压贮液罐通向该低压贮液器的装置。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/498,809 US5537828A (en) | 1995-07-06 | 1995-07-06 | Cryogenic pump system |
US498809 | 1995-07-06 | ||
US498,809 | 1995-07-06 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1140801A CN1140801A (zh) | 1997-01-22 |
CN1071412C true CN1071412C (zh) | 2001-09-19 |
Family
ID=23982594
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CN96107162A Expired - Fee Related CN1071412C (zh) | 1995-07-06 | 1996-06-21 | 低温泵*** |
Country Status (8)
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---|---|
US (1) | US5537828A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0754904B1 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100271192B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1071412C (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9602846A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2179676C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69620833D1 (zh) |
ID (1) | ID16497A (zh) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2179676A1 (en) | 1997-01-07 |
EP0754904A3 (en) | 1998-05-27 |
CA2179676C (en) | 1999-08-31 |
DE69620833D1 (de) | 2002-05-29 |
US5537828A (en) | 1996-07-23 |
EP0754904A2 (en) | 1997-01-22 |
CN1140801A (zh) | 1997-01-22 |
KR100271192B1 (ko) | 2001-01-15 |
ID16497A (id) | 1997-10-02 |
BR9602846A (pt) | 1998-04-28 |
KR970006920A (ko) | 1997-02-21 |
EP0754904B1 (en) | 2002-04-24 |
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