CN107131142B - The startup control device and method of centrifugal compressor - Google Patents
The startup control device and method of centrifugal compressor Download PDFInfo
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- CN107131142B CN107131142B CN201710554498.XA CN201710554498A CN107131142B CN 107131142 B CN107131142 B CN 107131142B CN 201710554498 A CN201710554498 A CN 201710554498A CN 107131142 B CN107131142 B CN 107131142B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/007—Conjoint control of two or more different functions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/008—Stop safety or alarm devices, e.g. stop-and-go control; Disposition of check-valves
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Positive-Displacement Air Blowers (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
Present disclose provides the startup control devices and method of a kind of centrifugal compressor.The startup control device of the centrifugal compressor, including：Measuring unit, for measuring axial force analog signal, rotor oscillation analog signal and rotating speed analog signal；Signal conversion unit for the axial force analog signal, rotor oscillation analog signal and rotating speed analog signal to be carried out analog-to-digital conversion, obtains axial force digital signal, rotor oscillation digital signal and rotating speed digital signal；Control unit, for according to the axial force digital signal, rotor oscillation digital signal and rotating speed digital signal, obtaining and output speed control signal, inlet-pressure force control signal and inlet flow rate controlling signal；And adjustment unit, for signal being controlled to control centrifugal compressor according to speed controling signal, inlet-pressure force control signal and inlet flow rate.The disclosure can solve rotor dynamics problems caused by axial force in centrifugal compressor start-up course is excessive and rotor rigidity changes.
Description
Technical field
This disclosure relates to it generates electricity, freeze and the startup control device of chemical field more particularly to a kind of centrifugal compressor
And method.
Background technology
Compressor (Compressor) is one of core component of circulation system, is provided for the fluid working substance in cycle
Kinetic energy is changed into the pressure energy of fluid working substance by energy, improves the pressure of fluid working substance, is broadly divided into centrifugal compressor, work
Plug compressor, helical-lobe compressor etc., are respectively suitable for different occasions at the characteristics of being respectively provided with its respectively.This patent is discussed
Centrifugal compressor has the following advantages：Compact-sized, size is small, light-weight；Exhaust is continuous, uniform；In addition to bearing, machine
Inside is not required to lubricate, and does not pollute the fluid compressed.
In recent years, overcritical/critical-cross carbon dioxide compressor is as specific chemical circulation, refrigeration cycle, power cycle
Core component, become the research hotspot in turbomachine field.At present, the overcritical/Trans-critical cycle titanium dioxide studied both at home and abroad
Carbon compressor scale is all at 10MW grades hereinafter, using centrifugal compressor mostly in form.Supercritical carbon dioxide compressor into
Mouthful pressure is in more than 7.38MPa, and outlet pressure is in 20MPa or so, and axial force caused by pressure differential is with regard to reachable only before and after impeller
More than 10kN.Since supercritical carbon dioxide working medium density is big so that compressor impeller size is small, and rotating speed is high, can select
The specified axial load of thrust bearing uses thus far from the balance requirement met more than supercritical carbon dioxide compressor 10kN
Back vane structure, the structure can in the operating condition can preferably balancing axial thrusts, but the balanced capacity in start-up course
Deficiency, remaining axial force is still greater than the bearing capacity of bearing.In addition, to avoid critical turn of rotor traverses as possible in start-up course
Speed needs that bearing is kept to have larger support stiffness, and the radial rigidity of angular contact ball bearing is directly proportional to axial force, therefore is opening
Need to keep appropriate axial force during dynamic.
Disclosure
(1) technical problems to be solved
A kind of startup control device and method for being designed to provide centrifugal compressor of the disclosure, it is above-mentioned to solve
At least one technical problem.
(2) technical solution
According to the one side of the disclosure, a kind of startup control device of centrifugal compressor is provided, including：It measures single
Member, for measuring axial force analog signal, rotor oscillation analog signal and rotating speed analog signal；Signal conversion unit, for inciting somebody to action
The axial force analog signal, rotor oscillation analog signal and rotating speed analog signal carry out analog-to-digital conversion, obtain axial force number
Signal, rotor oscillation digital signal and rotating speed digital signal；Control unit, for according to the axial force digital signal, rotor
Digital signal and rotating speed digital signal are vibrated, obtains and output speed controls signal, inlet-pressure force control signal and inlet flow rate
Control signal；And adjustment unit, during for maintaining initial pressure that numerical simulation obtains constant, being controlled and believed according to the rotating speed
Number, control rotating speed gradually increases the rotary speed parameter up to reaching the centrifugal compressor from zero；When maintaining rotary speed parameter constant, root
According to the inlet-pressure force control signal, control inlet pressure gradually increases up to reaching the centrifugal compressor from the initial pressure
The pressure parameter of machine；And signal is controlled according to the inlet flow rate simultaneously, inlet flow rate is adjusted, to keep stable.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the numerical simulation refers to carries out emulation mould by cfdrc
Intend.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the measuring unit includes：Axial force measuration device, for measuring the axis
To power analog signal；Rotor oscillation measurement device, for measuring the rotor oscillation analog signal；Tachometric survey device, is used for
Measure the rotating speed analog signal.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the adjustment unit includes：Drive component, for being controlled according to the rotating speed
Signal, control rotating speed gradually increase up to reaching the rotary speed parameter from zero；Inlet pressure control valve, for according to the import
Pressure controling signal, control inlet pressure gradually increase up to reaching the pressure parameter from the initial pressure；Inlet flow rate
Control valve for controlling signal according to inlet flow rate, adjusts inlet flow rate, to reach stable.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the driving component includes gearbox and variable-frequency motor.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the centrifugal compressor includes centrifugal overcritical compressor and centrifugal
Trans-critical cycle compressor.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the centrifugal compressor is used to compress carbon dioxide or water.
Based on same design, the disclosure additionally provides a kind of startup control method of centrifugal compressor, including：According to from
The rotary speed parameter and pressure parameter of core type compressor carry out numerical simulation, obtain initial pressure；Maintain initial pressure constant, adjustment
Rotating speed, control rotating speed gradually increases from zero, until reach the rotary speed parameter of the centrifugal compressor, while adjust inlet flow rate,
To keep stablizing；And maintain rotary speed parameter constant, inlet pressure is adjusted, the inlet pressure is controlled gradually to increase from initial pressure
It is long, until reaching the pressure parameter of the centrifugal compressor, while adjust inlet flow rate, to keep stable.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the numerical simulation is carried out by cfdrc.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the rotating speed from zero gradually increase and the inlet pressure from initial pressure by
Cumulative length refers to the growth of the indexs such as rotating speed and inlet pressure.
(3) advantageous effect
The startup control device and method of disclosure centrifugal compressor has at least the following advantages compared to the prior art
One of them：
(1) it by controlling the gradual growth of inlet pressure and rotating speed of the centrifugal compressor in start-up course, solves
Rotor dynamics problems caused by axial force problems of too and rotor rigidity change in centrifugal compressor start-up course；
(2) while inlet pressure and rotating speed is controlled, inlet flow rate is also adjusted, so as to maintain centrifugal compressor
Steady operation.
(3) it provides numerical simulation and has obtained initial pressure, in conjunction with the pressure parameter and rotating speed of centrifugal compressor in itself
Parameter has preset the basic control route of centrifugal compressor startup, has avoided and blindly test, simplify centrifugal compressor
Adjustment process in start-up course.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of the startup control device of the centrifugal compressor of the embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 2 is the step schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present disclosure, centrifugal compressor startup control method.
Specific embodiment
In order to solve above-mentioned 2 points of startups demand, there is an urgent need for formulating a kind of startup control mode, seek a specific job
Route using the Stepped control of the parameters such as inlet pressure, flow, rotating speed, progressively reaches operating parameter, and controls axial force one
Determine in range.
The disclosure is improved mainly for following technological deficiency.
1) the equilibrant force theoretical calculation formula (Oleg Stepanov formula) of back blade：
Fmax-- back blade maximum equilibrant force N
ρ -- fluid density (kg/s)
ω -- impeller angular velocity of rotation (rad/s)
Re-- back blade outer radius (m)
Rh-- impeller hub radius (m)
By formula 1-1 it is found that back blade balanced capacity and impeller angular velocity of rotation it is square directly proportional, back blade is starting
The balanced capacity of starting stage is far below the balanced capacity under working speed, if carrying out compressor under the pressure environment of 8MPa
Start, the situation that axial force is difficult to balance certainly will occur.
2) angular contact ball bearing radial support rigidity estimation formula：
K：Radial support rigidity (Lbf/in)
F：Outer radial power (Lbf)
D：Ball diameter (in)
Z：Ball quantity
α：Contact angle (rad)
F=Fx/ tan α --- --- formula (2-2)
F：Outer radial power (Lbf)
Fx：External axial force (Lbf)
α：Contact angle (rad)
By formula 2-1 it is found that angular contact ball bearing radial support rigidity is related to outer radial power, by formula 2-2 it is found that
Bearing outer radial load Bearing outer axial force is related.Therefore angular contact ball bearing radial support rigidity and Bearing outer axial force phase
It closes.In startup stage, axial force changes with the variation of start operating performance, if axial force is too small, bearing radial support rigidity
It reduces, the critical speed of rotor declines, and the startup rotating speed of rotor causes rotor it is possible that fall on ± the 20% of the critical speed
High vibration, the structure for even resulting in rotor are destroyed.
Based on above description, it is known that the less axial force balance considered in operational process of existing compressor control method and
Rotor oscillation problem.And this field about the startup control device of centrifugal compressor or starts arranging for control method not yet
Apply, therefore present disclose provides a kind of startup control device of centrifugal compressor, control unit according to axial force analog signal,
Rotor oscillation analog signal and rotating speed analog signal generate speed controling signal, inlet-pressure force control signal and inlet flow rate control
Signal processed, to form feedback network, while the disclosure obtains initial pressure also by numerical simulation, first controls initial pressure not
Become, improve rotating speed until reaching the rotary speed parameter of the centrifugal compressor, then keep rotary speed parameter constant, it is straight to improve initial pressure
To the pressure parameter for reaching the centrifugal compressor, so as to solve axial force problems of too in centrifugal compressor start-up course
And rotor dynamics problems caused by rotor rigidity variation.
Purpose, technical scheme and advantage to make the disclosure are more clearly understood, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and reference
The disclosure is further described in attached drawing.
The one side of the embodiment of the present disclosure, provides a kind of startup control device of centrifugal compressor, and Fig. 1 is the disclosure
The structure diagram of the startup control device of the centrifugal compressor of embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, the startup of the centrifugal compressor
Control device includes：Measuring unit 1, signal conversion unit 2, control unit 3 and adjustment unit 4.Wherein, measuring unit 1 measures
Axial force analog signal, rotor oscillation analog signal and rotating speed analog signal, and these analog signal transmissions to signal are converted
Unit 2.Signal conversion unit 2 receives these analog informations, and is carried out analog-to-digital conversion, obtains axial force digital signal, turns
Son vibration digital signal and rotating speed digital signal, then by these digital data transmissions to control unit 3.Control unit 3 receives this
A little digital signals, and speed controling signal and inlet-pressure force control signal are determined according to the different phase of compressor start, according to
Axial force signal and rotor oscillation signal feedback regulation inlet flow rate signal, it is therefore an objective to make to avoid rotor judder and avoid axis
It is excessive to power.Then, control unit 3 has obtained speed controling signal, inlet-pressure force control signal and inlet flow rate control signal,
These control signals are exported to adjustment unit 4 again.Adjustment unit 4 receives these control signals, and carries out following adjust：It is first
First, when the initial pressure for numerical simulation being maintained to obtain is constant, according to the speed controling signal, control rotating speed gradually increases from zero
Until reach the rotary speed parameter of the centrifugal compressor；When maintaining rotary speed parameter constant again, controlled and believed according to the inlet pressure
Number, control inlet pressure gradually increases the pressure parameter up to reaching the centrifugal compressor from the initial pressure；It needs to note
Meaning while rotating speed and inlet pressure is adjusted, controls signal according to the inlet flow rate, adjusts inlet flow rate, to protect
Hold the stabilization of the centrifugal compressor.
Wherein, numerical simulation refer to by cfdrc (include but not limited to ANSYS CFX softwares or
ANSYS Fluent softwares) analogue simulation is carried out, so as to obtain aforementioned initial pressure, further according to centrifugal compressor in itself
Rotary speed parameter and pressure parameter preset the basic control route that the centrifugal compressor starts, avoid and blindly test, simplify
Adjustment process of the centrifugal compressor in start-up course.
According to a kind of embodiment of the disclosure, measuring unit 1 includes：Axial force measuration device, rotor oscillation measurement device
With tachometric survey device.Wherein, axial force measuration device measures the axial force analog signal, and rotor oscillation measurement device measures
The rotor oscillation analog signal, tachometric survey device are used to measure the rotating speed analog signal.
Adjustment unit 4 includes：Drive component, inlet pressure control valve and inlet flow control valve.Wherein, drive component,
According to the speed controling signal, control rotating speed gradually increases up to reaching the rotary speed parameter from zero；Inlet pressure control valve,
According to the inlet-pressure force control signal, control inlet pressure gradually increases from the initial pressure up to reaching the pressure ginseng
Number；Drive component adjust rotating speed and inlet pressure control valve adjustment inlet pressure while, inlet flow control valve according to
Inlet flow rate controls signal, adjusts inlet flow rate so that the startup control device of the centrifugal compressor reaches stable.
In some embodiments it is possible to according to the type of drive component (gearbox and variable-frequency motor) to tachometric survey device
It is accepted or rejected.
In general, the centrifugal compressor includes centrifugal overcritical compressor and centrifugal Trans-critical cycle compressor,
Suitable for the relatively large fluid working substance (such as water and carbon dioxide) of compression high-pressure environment lower density.The rotating speed is gradual from zero
Increase and the inlet pressure gradually increases from initial pressure, it is in ladder that gradual growth therein, which refers to rotating speed and inlet pressure equivalence,
Increase, so as to startup that is more planned, regularly controlling centrifugal compressor, prevent due to rotating speed or inlet pressure
Increase too fast, the problem of rotation of the centrifugal compressor that brings is unstable or slow, the rotating speed and inlet-pressure brought due to increasing
The problem of power needs too many time to adjust and is time-consuming.
Another aspect of the present disclosure, also provides a kind of startup control method of centrifugal compressor, and Fig. 2 is implemented for the disclosure
The step schematic diagram of the startup control method of centrifugal compressor, as shown in Fig. 2, including：
Step S1 carries out numerical simulation according to the pressure parameter of centrifugal compressor and rotary speed parameter, obtains initial pressure；
Wherein, (include but not limited to ANSYS CFX softwares by cfdrc or ANSYS Fluent are soft
Part) carry out the numerical simulation.
Step S2 maintains initial pressure constant, adjusts rotating speed, and control rotating speed gradually increases from zero, until reaching the centrifugation
The rotary speed parameter of formula compressor, while inlet flow rate is adjusted, to keep stable；
Step S3 maintains rotary speed parameter constant, adjusts inlet pressure, the inlet pressure is controlled gradually to increase from initial pressure
It is long, until reaching the pressure parameter of the centrifugal compressor, while adjust inlet flow rate, to keep stable.
Below using rotary speed parameter as 40000rmp, for pressure parameter is the centrifugal compressor of 8MPa, it is being started
When control method specifically illustrate.
In the present embodiment, first, the centrifugal compressor is subjected to numerical simulation, obtaining its initial pressure is
1MPa.Then, maintain the inlet pressure of the centrifugal compressor as 1MPa, adjust rotating speed, control rotating speed from 0,10000rmp,
20000rmp, 30000rmp increase, until reaching the centrifugal compressor to 40000rmp by gradient equivalence of 10000rm
Rotary speed parameter 40000rmp.While rotating speed is adjusted, it is also necessary to inlet flow rate is adjusted, to keep the steady of centrifugal compressor
It is fixed.Then, maintain the rotating speed of the centrifugal compressor constant for 40000rmp, adjust inlet pressure, control inlet pressure from
1MPa, 2MPa, 3MPa ... 8MPa increase, the pressure parameter until reaching the centrifugal compressor by gradient equivalence of 1MPa
8MPa.While inlet pressure is adjusted, it is also necessary to inlet flow rate is adjusted, to keep the stabilization of centrifugal compressor.It at this point, can
It is less than normal to obtain the Oscillation Amplitude of the rotor oscillation measuring cell of the centrifugal compressor, and rotor axial power in the present embodiment
Control is in below 2400N, that is to say, that axial force has been controlled within zone of reasonableness.
The step of must occurring unless specifically described or sequentially, there is no restriction for the sequences of above-mentioned steps in listed above, and
It can change or rearrange according to required design.And above-described embodiment can each other be mixed based on the considerations of design and reliability
It closes collocation to use using or with other embodiment mix and match, i.e., the technical characteristic in different embodiments can freely form
More embodiments.
Similarly, it should be understood that in order to simplify the disclosure and help to understand one or more of each open aspect,
Above in the description of the exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, each feature of the disclosure is grouped together into single implementation sometimes
In example, figure or descriptions thereof.However, the method for the disclosure should be construed to reflect following intention：I.e. required guarantor
The disclosure of shield requires features more more than the feature being expressly recited in each claim.More precisely, as following
Claims reflect as, open aspect is all features less than single embodiment disclosed above.Therefore,
Thus the claims for following specific embodiment are expressly incorporated in the specific embodiment, wherein each claim is in itself
All as the separate embodiments of the disclosure.
Particular embodiments described above has carried out the purpose, technical solution and advantageous effect of the disclosure further in detail
It describes in detail bright, it should be understood that the foregoing is merely the specific embodiment of the disclosure, is not limited to the disclosure, it is all
Within the spirit and principle of the disclosure, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should be included in the guarantor of the disclosure
Within the scope of shield.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of startup control device of centrifugal compressor, including：
Measuring unit, for measuring axial force analog signal, rotor oscillation analog signal and rotating speed analog signal；
Signal conversion unit, for the axial force analog signal, rotor oscillation analog signal and rotating speed analog signal to be carried out
Analog-to-digital conversion obtains axial force digital signal, rotor oscillation digital signal and rotating speed digital signal；
Control unit, for according to the axial force digital signal, rotor oscillation digital signal and rotating speed digital signal, obtaining simultaneously
Output speed control signal, inlet-pressure force control signal and inlet flow rate control signal；And
Adjustment unit, during for maintaining initial pressure that numerical simulation obtains constant, according to the speed controling signal, control turns
Speed gradually increases the rotary speed parameter up to reaching the centrifugal compressor from zero；Maintain rotary speed parameter it is constant when, according to it is described into
Mouth pressure controling signal, control inlet pressure gradually increase the pressure up to reaching the centrifugal compressor from the initial pressure
Parameter；And signal is controlled according to the inlet flow rate simultaneously, inlet flow rate is adjusted, to keep stable.
2. the startup control device of centrifugal compressor according to claim 1, wherein, the numerical simulation, which refers to, passes through meter
Fluid operator machine software or hydrodynamic simulation software carry out analogue simulation.
3. the startup control device of centrifugal compressor according to claim 1, wherein, the measuring unit includes：
Axial force measuration device, for measuring the axial force analog signal；
Rotor oscillation measurement device, for measuring the rotor oscillation analog signal；And
Tachometric survey device, for measuring the rotating speed analog signal.
4. the startup control device of centrifugal compressor according to claim 1, wherein, the adjustment unit includes：
Drive component, for according to the speed controling signal, control rotating speed gradually to increase from zero up to reaching the rotating speed ginseng
Number；
Inlet pressure control valve, for according to the inlet-pressure force control signal, control inlet pressure from the initial pressure by
Cumulative length is until reach the pressure parameter；And
Inlet flow control valve for controlling signal according to inlet flow rate, adjusts inlet flow rate, to reach stable.
5. the startup control device of centrifugal compressor according to claim 4, wherein, the driving component includes speed change
Case and variable-frequency motor.
6. the startup control device of centrifugal compressor according to claim 1, wherein, the centrifugal compressor includes
Centrifugal overcritical compressor and centrifugal Trans-critical cycle compressor.
7. the startup control device of centrifugal compressor according to claim 1, wherein, the centrifugal compressor is used for
Carbon dioxide or water are compressed.
8. a kind of startup control method of centrifugal compressor, including：
Numerical simulation is carried out according to the rotary speed parameter of centrifugal compressor and pressure parameter, obtains initial pressure；
It maintains initial pressure constant, adjusts rotating speed, control rotating speed gradually increases from zero, until reaching turning for the centrifugal compressor
Fast parameter, while inlet flow rate is adjusted, to keep stable；And
It maintains rotary speed parameter constant, adjusts inlet pressure, the inlet pressure is controlled gradually to increase from initial pressure, until reaching
The pressure parameter of the centrifugal compressor, while inlet flow rate is adjusted, to keep stable.
9. the startup control method of centrifugal compressor according to claim 8, wherein, pass through cfdrc
Carry out the numerical simulation.
10. the startup control method of centrifugal compressor according to claim 8, wherein, the rotating speed gradually increases from zero
The long and inlet pressure gradually increases from initial pressure, refers to the growth of the indexs such as rotating speed and inlet pressure.
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| CN201710554498.XA CN107131142B (en) | 2017-07-07 | 2017-07-07 | The startup control device and method of centrifugal compressor |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109033515B (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2020-05-19 | 大连理工大学 | Modeling method for starting process of micro gas turbine engine |
| CN114215720B (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2024-01-23 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Starting and running adjusting method of supercritical carbon dioxide circulating compressor |
| CN116293975A (en) * | 2023-03-01 | 2023-06-23 | 青岛海信日立空调***有限公司 | Air conditioning system |
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Effective date of registration: 20181224 Address after: 053000 North New District of Hengshui Development Zone, Hebei Province, West Side of Zhenhua New Road Patentee after: Hengshui Keheng Power Equipment Co., Ltd. Address before: 100190 North Fourth Ring Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 11 Patentee before: Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences |
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