CN107131142A - The startup control device and method of centrifugal compressor - Google Patents
The startup control device and method of centrifugal compressor Download PDFInfo
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- CN107131142A CN107131142A CN201710554498.XA CN201710554498A CN107131142A CN 107131142 A CN107131142 A CN 107131142A CN 201710554498 A CN201710554498 A CN 201710554498A CN 107131142 A CN107131142 A CN 107131142A
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- centrifugal compressor
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- pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/007—Conjoint control of two or more different functions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/008—Stop safety or alarm devices, e.g. stop-and-go control; Disposition of check-valves
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Control Of Positive-Displacement Air Blowers (AREA)
Abstract
Present disclose provides the startup control device and method of a kind of centrifugal compressor.The startup control device of the centrifugal compressor, including：Measuring unit, for measuring axial force analog signal, rotor oscillation analog signal and rotating speed analog signal；Signal conversion unit, for the axial force analog signal, rotor oscillation analog signal and rotating speed analog signal to be carried out into analog-to-digital conversion, obtains axial force data signal, rotor oscillation data signal and rotating speed data signal；Control unit, for according to the axial force data signal, rotor oscillation data signal and rotating speed data signal, obtaining simultaneously output speed control signal, inlet pressure control signal and inlet flow rate control signal；And adjustment unit, for being controlled according to speed controling signal, inlet pressure control signal and inlet flow rate control signal to centrifugal compressor.The disclosure can solve that axial force in centrifugal compressor start-up course is excessive and rotor rigidity change caused by rotor dynamics problems.
Description
Technical field
This disclosure relates to generate electricity, freeze and chemical field, more particularly to a kind of centrifugal compressor startup control device
And method.
Background technology
Compressor (Compressor) is one of core component of circulation system, is provided for the fluid working substance in circulation
Energy, kinetic energy is changed into the pressure energy of fluid working substance, is improved the pressure of fluid working substance, is broadly divided into centrifugal compressor, work
Plug compressor, helical-lobe compressor etc., the characteristics of being respectively provided with its each are respectively suitable for different occasions.This patent is discussed
Centrifugal compressor there is advantages below：Compact conformation, size is small, lightweight；Exhaust is continuous, uniform；In addition to bearing, machine
Inside is not required to lubrication, and the fluid compressed is not polluted.
In recent years, overcritical/critical-cross carbon dioxide compressor is used as specific chemical circulation, kind of refrigeration cycle, power cycle
Core component, become the study hotspot in turbomachine field.At present, the overcritical/Trans-critical cycle titanium dioxide studied both at home and abroad
Carbon compressor scale is all following at 10MW grades, uses centrifugal compressor mostly in form.Supercritical carbon dioxide compressor enters
Mouth pressure is in more than 7.38MPa, and outlet pressure is in 20MPa or so, and axial force caused by pressure differential is just reachable only before and after impeller
More than 10kN.Because supercritical carbon dioxide working medium density is big so that compressor impeller size is small, rotating speed is high, can select
The specified axial load of thrust bearing is used far from the balance requirement for meeting more than supercritical carbon dioxide compressor 10kN for this
Back vane structure, the structure can in the operating condition can preferably balancing axial thrust, but the balanced capacity in start-up course
Deficiency, remaining bearing capacity of the axial force still greater than bearing.In addition, avoiding critical turn of rotor traverses in start-up course to try one's best
Speed is, it is necessary to keep bearing to have larger support stiffness, and the radial rigidity of angular contact ball bearing is directly proportional to axial force, therefore opening
Need to keep appropriate axial force during dynamic.
Disclosure
(1) technical problem to be solved
The purpose of the disclosure is the startup control device and method for providing a kind of centrifugal compressor, above-mentioned to solve
At least one technical problem.
(2) technical scheme
According to the one side of the disclosure there is provided a kind of startup control device of centrifugal compressor, including：Measurement is single
Member, for measuring axial force analog signal, rotor oscillation analog signal and rotating speed analog signal；Signal conversion unit, for inciting somebody to action
The axial force analog signal, rotor oscillation analog signal and rotating speed analog signal carry out analog-to-digital conversion, obtain axial force numeral
Signal, rotor oscillation data signal and rotating speed data signal；Control unit, for according to the axial force data signal, rotor
Data signal and rotating speed data signal are vibrated, is obtained and output speed control signal, inlet pressure control signal and inlet flow rate
Control signal；And adjustment unit, when the initial pressure for maintaining numerical simulation to obtain is constant, controlled to believe according to the rotating speed
Number, control rotating speed gradually increases the rotating speed coefficient up to reaching the centrifugal compressor from zero；When maintaining rotating speed coefficient constant, root
According to the inlet pressure control signal, control inlet pressure gradually increases up to reaching the centrifugal compressor from the initial pressure
The pressure coefficient of machine；And simultaneously according to the inlet flow rate control signal, inlet flow rate is adjusted, to keep stable.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the numerical simulation refers to carries out emulation mould by cfdrc
Intend.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the measuring unit includes：Axial force measuration device, for measuring the axle
To power analog signal；Rotor oscillation measurement device, for measuring the rotor oscillation analog signal；Tachometric survey device, is used for
Measure the rotating speed analog signal.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the adjustment unit includes：Drive component, for being controlled according to the rotating speed
Signal, control rotating speed gradually increases up to reaching the rotating speed coefficient from zero；Inlet pressure control valve, for according to the import
Pressure controling signal, control inlet pressure gradually increases up to reaching the pressure coefficient from the initial pressure；Inlet flow rate
Control valve, for according to inlet flow rate control signal, adjusting inlet flow rate, to reach stabilization.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the drive component includes gearbox and variable-frequency motor.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the centrifugal compressor includes centrifugal overcritical compressor and centrifugal
Trans-critical cycle compressor.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the centrifugal compressor is used to be compressed carbon dioxide or water.
Based on same design, the disclosure additionally provides a kind of startup control method of centrifugal compressor, including：According to from
The rotary speed parameter and pressure parameter of core type compressor carry out numerical simulation, obtain initial pressure；Maintain initial pressure constant, adjustment
Rotating speed, control rotating speed gradually increases from zero, until the rotary speed parameter of the centrifugal compressor is reached, while inlet flow rate is adjusted,
To keep stable；And maintain rotary speed parameter constant, inlet pressure is adjusted, controls the inlet pressure gradually to increase from initial pressure
It is long, until the pressure parameter of the centrifugal compressor is reached, while inlet flow rate is adjusted, to keep stable.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the numerical simulation is carried out by cfdrc.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the rotating speed from zero gradually increase and the inlet pressure from initial pressure by
Cumulative length, refers to the growth of the indexs such as rotating speed and inlet pressure.
(3) beneficial effect
The startup control device and method of disclosure centrifugal compressor is compared to prior art, at least with advantages below
One of them：
(1) by controlling the gradually growth of inlet pressure and rotating speed of the centrifugal compressor in start-up course, solve
Axial force problems of too and the caused rotor dynamics problems of rotor rigidity change in centrifugal compressor start-up course；
(2) while inlet pressure and rotating speed is controlled, inlet flow rate is also adjusted, so as to maintain centrifugal compressor
Steady operation.
(3) provide numerical simulation and obtained initial pressure, in conjunction with the pressure coefficient and rotating speed of centrifugal compressor in itself
Coefficient, has preset the basic control route of centrifugal compressor startup, it is to avoid blindly tests, simplifies centrifugal compressor
Adjustment process in start-up course.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the startup control device of the centrifugal compressor of the embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 2 is the step schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present disclosure, centrifugal compressor startup control method.
Embodiment
In order to solve above-mentioned 2 points of startups demand, a kind of startup control mode of formulation is needed badly, seek a specific job
Route, using the Stepped control of the parameters such as inlet pressure, flow, rotating speed, progressively reaches operational factor, and control axial force one
Determine in scope.
The disclosure is improved mainly for following technological deficiency.
1) the equilibrant force theoretical calculation formula (Oleg Stepanov formula) of back blade：
Fmax-- back blade maximum equilibrant force N
ρ -- fluid density (kg/s)
ω -- impeller angular velocity of rotation (rad/s)
Re-- back blade outer radius (m)
Rh-- impeller hub radius (m)
From formula 1-1, back blade balanced capacity and impeller angular velocity of rotation square are directly proportional, and back blade is starting
The balanced capacity of starting stage is far below the balanced capacity under working speed, if being compressed machine under 8MPa pressure environment
Start, the situation that axial force is difficult to balance certainly will occur.
2) angular contact ball bearing radial support rigidity estimation equation：
K：Radial support rigidity (Lbf/in)
F：Outer radial power (Lbf)
D：Ball diameter (in)
Z：Ball quantity
α：Contact angle (rad)
F=Fx/ tan α --- --- formula (2-2)
F：Outer radial power (Lbf)
Fx：Outside axial force (Lbf)
α：Contact angle (rad)
From formula 2-1, angular contact ball bearing radial support rigidity is related to outer radial power, from formula 2-2,
Bearing outer radial load Bearing outer axial force is related.Therefore angular contact ball bearing radial support rigidity and Bearing outer axial force phase
Close.In startup stage, axial force changes with the change of start operating performance, if axial force is too small, bearing radial support rigidity
Reduction, the critical speed of rotor declines, and the startup rotating speed of rotor is possible to fall on ± the 20% of the critical speed, causes rotor
High vibration, even results in the structure destruction of rotor.
Based on above description, it is known that the less axial force balance considered in running of existing compressor control method and
Rotor oscillation problem.And this area is not also on the startup control device of centrifugal compressor or arranging for startup control method
Apply, therefore present disclose provides a kind of startup control device of centrifugal compressor, control unit according to axial force analog signal,
Rotor oscillation analog signal and rotating speed analog signal, produce speed controling signal, inlet pressure control signal and inlet flow rate control
Signal processed, to form feedback network, while the disclosure is also by numerical simulation, obtains initial pressure, first controls initial pressure not
Become, improve rotating speed until reaching the rotary speed parameter of the centrifugal compressor, then keep rotary speed parameter constant, improve initial pressure straight
To the pressure parameter of the centrifugal compressor is reached, so as to solve axial force problems of too in centrifugal compressor start-up course
And rotor dynamics problems caused by rotor rigidity change.
For the purpose, technical scheme and advantage of the disclosure are more clearly understood, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and reference
Accompanying drawing, the disclosure is further described.
The one side of the embodiment of the present disclosure is the disclosure there is provided a kind of startup control device of centrifugal compressor, Fig. 1
The structural representation of the startup control device of the centrifugal compressor of embodiment, as shown in figure 1, the startup of the centrifugal compressor
Control device includes：Measuring unit 1, signal conversion unit 2, control unit 3 and adjustment unit 4.Wherein, measuring unit 1 is measured
Axial force analog signal, rotor oscillation analog signal and rotating speed analog signal, and these analog signal transmissions to signal are changed
Unit 2.Signal conversion unit 2 receives these analog informations, and is carried out analog-to-digital conversion, obtains axial force data signal, turns
Son vibration data signal and rotating speed data signal, then by these digital data transmissions to control unit 3.Control unit 3 receives this
A little data signals, and speed controling signal and inlet pressure control signal are determined according to the different phase of compressor start, according to
Axial force signal and rotor oscillation signal feedback regulation inlet flow rate signal, it is therefore an objective to make to avoid rotor judder and avoid axle
It is excessive to power.Then, control unit 3 has obtained speed controling signal, inlet pressure control signal and inlet flow rate control signal,
These control signals are exported to adjustment unit 4 again.Adjustment unit 4 receives these control signals, and carries out following adjust：It is first
First, when the initial pressure for maintaining numerical simulation to obtain is constant, according to the speed controling signal, control rotating speed gradually increases from zero
Until reaching the rotating speed coefficient of the centrifugal compressor；When maintaining rotating speed coefficient constant again, controlled to believe according to the inlet pressure
Number, control inlet pressure gradually increases the pressure coefficient up to reaching the centrifugal compressor from the initial pressure；Need note
Meaning, while rotating speed and inlet pressure is adjusted, according to the inlet flow rate control signal, adjusts inlet flow rate, to protect
Hold the stabilization of the centrifugal compressor.
Wherein, numerical simulation refer to by cfdrc (include but is not limited to ANSYS CFX softwares or
ANSYS Fluent softwares) carry out analogue simulation, so as to obtain foregoing initial pressure, further according to centrifugal compressor in itself
Rotating speed coefficient and pressure coefficient, preset the basic control route that the centrifugal compressor starts, it is to avoid blindly test, simplify
Adjustment process of the centrifugal compressor in start-up course.
According to a kind of embodiment of the disclosure, measuring unit 1 includes：Axial force measuration device, rotor oscillation measurement device
With tachometric survey device.Wherein, axial force measuration device measures the axial force analog signal, the measurement of rotor oscillation measurement device
The rotor oscillation analog signal, tachometric survey device is used to measure the rotating speed analog signal.
Adjustment unit 4 includes：Drive component, inlet pressure control valve and inlet flow control valve.Wherein, drive component,
According to the speed controling signal, control rotating speed gradually increases up to reaching the rotating speed coefficient from zero；Inlet pressure control valve,
According to the inlet pressure control signal, control inlet pressure gradually increases up to reaching the pressure system from the initial pressure
Number；Drive component adjust rotating speed and inlet pressure control valve adjustment inlet pressure while, inlet flow control valve according to
Inlet flow rate control signal, adjusts inlet flow rate so that the startup control device of the centrifugal compressor reaches stabilization.
In some embodiments it is possible to according to the type of drive component (gearbox and variable-frequency motor) to tachometric survey device
Accepted or rejected.
In general, the centrifugal compressor includes centrifugal overcritical compressor and centrifugal Trans-critical cycle compressor,
Suitable for the relatively large fluid working substance (such as water and carbon dioxide) of compression high-pressure environment lower density.The rotating speed from zero gradually
Increase and the inlet pressure gradually increases from initial pressure, therein gradually increase refers to rotating speed and inlet pressure equivalence in ladder
Increase, so as to more planned, regularly control centrifugal compressor startup, is prevented due to rotating speed or inlet pressure
Increase too fast, the problem of centrifugal compressor brought rotates unstable, or slow, the rotating speed and inlet-pressure brought due to increasing
The problem of power needs too many adjustment and is time-consuming.
Another aspect of the present disclosure, also provides a kind of startup control method of centrifugal compressor, and Fig. 2 is implemented for the disclosure
The step schematic diagram of the startup control method of centrifugal compressor, as shown in Fig. 2 including：
Step S1, carries out numerical simulation according to the pressure parameter of centrifugal compressor and rotary speed parameter, obtains initial pressure；
Wherein, (include but is not limited to ANSYS CFX softwares by cfdrc or ANSYS Fluent are soft
Part) carry out the numerical simulation.
Step S2, maintains initial pressure constant, adjusts rotating speed, control rotating speed gradually increases from zero, until reaching the centrifugation
The rotary speed parameter of formula compressor, while inlet flow rate is adjusted, to keep stable；
Step S3, maintains rotary speed parameter constant, adjusts inlet pressure, controls the inlet pressure gradually to increase from initial pressure
It is long, until the pressure parameter of the centrifugal compressor is reached, while inlet flow rate is adjusted, to keep stable.
Below using rotary speed parameter as 40000rmp, exemplified by pressure parameter is 8MPa centrifugal compressor, it is being started
When control method specifically illustrate.
In the present embodiment, first, the centrifugal compressor is subjected to numerical simulation, obtaining its initial pressure is
1MPa.Then, maintain the centrifugal compressor inlet pressure be 1MPa, adjust rotating speed, control rotating speed from 0,10000rmp,
20000rmp, 30000rmp are to 40000rmp, the equivalent increase by gradient of 10000rm, until reaching the centrifugal compressor
Rotary speed parameter 40000rmp.While rotating speed is adjusted, in addition it is also necessary to inlet flow rate is adjusted, to keep the steady of centrifugal compressor
It is fixed.Then, maintain the rotating speed of the centrifugal compressor constant for 40000rmp, adjust inlet pressure, control inlet pressure from
1MPa, 2MPa, 3MPa ... 8MPa, equivalent increase, the pressure parameter until reaching the centrifugal compressor by gradient of 1MPa
8MPa.While inlet pressure is adjusted, in addition it is also necessary to inlet flow rate is adjusted, to keep the stabilization of centrifugal compressor.Now, may be used
The Oscillation Amplitude of rotor oscillation measuring cell to obtain the centrifugal compressor is less than normal, and rotor axial power in the present embodiment
Control is in below 2400N, that is to say, that axial force has been controlled within zone of reasonableness.
Unless specifically described or the step of must sequentially occur, the order of above-mentioned steps have no be limited to it is listed above, and
It can change or rearrange according to required design.And above-described embodiment can based on design and reliability consideration, mix each other
Close collocation to use or use with other embodiment mix and match, i.e., technical characteristic not in be the same as Example can be freely formed
More embodiments.
Similarly, it will be appreciated that in order to simplify the disclosure and help to understand one or more of each open aspect, exist
Above in the description of exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, each feature of the disclosure is grouped together into single implementation sometimes
In example, figure or descriptions thereof.However, the method for the disclosure should be construed to reflect following intention：It is i.e. required to protect
The disclosure of shield requires features more more than the feature being expressly recited in each claim.More precisely, such as following
Claims reflect as, open aspect is all features less than single embodiment disclosed above.Therefore,
Thus the claims for following embodiment are expressly incorporated in the embodiment, wherein each claim is in itself
All as the separate embodiments of the disclosure.
Particular embodiments described above, purpose of this disclosure, technical scheme and beneficial effect have been carried out further in detail
Describe in detail bright, should be understood that the specific embodiment that the foregoing is only the disclosure, be not limited to the disclosure, it is all
Within the spirit and principle of the disclosure, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements done etc. should be included in the guarantor of the disclosure
Within the scope of shield.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of startup control device of centrifugal compressor, including：
Measuring unit, for measuring axial force analog signal, rotor oscillation analog signal and rotating speed analog signal；
Signal conversion unit, for the axial force analog signal, rotor oscillation analog signal and rotating speed analog signal to be carried out
Analog-to-digital conversion, obtains axial force data signal, rotor oscillation data signal and rotating speed data signal；
Control unit, for according to the axial force data signal, rotor oscillation data signal and rotating speed data signal, obtaining simultaneously
Output speed control signal, inlet pressure control signal and inlet flow rate control signal；And
Adjustment unit, when the initial pressure for maintaining numerical simulation to obtain is constant, according to the speed controling signal, control turns
Speed gradually increases the rotating speed coefficient up to reaching the centrifugal compressor from zero；Maintain rotating speed coefficient it is constant when, according to it is described enter
Mouth pressure controling signal, control inlet pressure gradually increases the pressure up to reaching the centrifugal compressor from the initial pressure
Coefficient；And simultaneously according to the inlet flow rate control signal, inlet flow rate is adjusted, to keep stable.
2. the startup control device of centrifugal compressor according to claim 1, wherein, the numerical simulation refers to by meter
Fluid operator machine software or hydrodynamic simulation software carry out analogue simulation.
3. the startup control device of centrifugal compressor according to claim 1, wherein, the measuring unit includes：
Axial force measuration device, for measuring the axial force analog signal；
Rotor oscillation measurement device, for measuring the rotor oscillation analog signal；And
Tachometric survey device, for measuring the rotating speed analog signal.
4. the startup control device of centrifugal compressor according to claim 1, wherein, the adjustment unit includes：
Drive component, for according to the speed controling signal, control rotating speed gradually to increase up to reaching the rotating speed system from zero
Number；
Inlet pressure control valve, for according to the inlet pressure control signal, control inlet pressure from the initial pressure by
Cumulative length is until reach the pressure coefficient；And
Inlet flow control valve, for according to inlet flow rate control signal, adjusting inlet flow rate, to reach stabilization.
5. the startup control device of centrifugal compressor according to claim 3, wherein, the drive component includes speed change
Case and variable-frequency motor.
6. the startup control device of centrifugal compressor according to claim 1, wherein, the centrifugal compressor includes
Centrifugal overcritical compressor and centrifugal Trans-critical cycle compressor.
7. the startup control device of centrifugal compressor according to claim 1, wherein, the centrifugal compressor is used for
Carbon dioxide or water are compressed.
8. a kind of startup control method of centrifugal compressor, including：
Numerical simulation is carried out according to the rotary speed parameter of centrifugal compressor and pressure parameter, initial pressure is obtained；
Maintain initial pressure constant, adjust rotating speed, control rotating speed gradually increases from zero, until reaching turning for the centrifugal compressor
Fast parameter, while inlet flow rate is adjusted, to keep stable；And
Maintain rotary speed parameter constant, adjust inlet pressure, control the inlet pressure gradually to increase from initial pressure, until reaching
The pressure parameter of the centrifugal compressor, while inlet flow rate is adjusted, to keep stable.
9. the startup control method of centrifugal compressor according to claim 8, wherein, pass through cfdrc
Carry out the numerical simulation.
10. the startup control method of centrifugal compressor according to claim 8, wherein, the rotating speed gradually increases from zero
The long and inlet pressure gradually increases from initial pressure, refers to the growth of the indexs such as rotating speed and inlet pressure.
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| CN201710554498.XA CN107131142B (en) | 2017-07-07 | 2017-07-07 | The startup control device and method of centrifugal compressor |
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| CN201710554498.XA CN107131142B (en) | 2017-07-07 | 2017-07-07 | The startup control device and method of centrifugal compressor |
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| CN109033515A (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2018-12-18 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of micro gas turbine engine starting process modeling method |
| CN114215720A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-03-22 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Method for adjusting starting and running of supercritical carbon dioxide circulating compressor |
| CN116293975A (en) * | 2023-03-01 | 2023-06-23 | 青岛海信日立空调***有限公司 | Air conditioning system |
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|---|---|
| CN107131142B (en) | 2018-07-06 |
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