CN107122522B - Digital elevation model precision evaluation method based on fill-cut analysis - Google Patents

Digital elevation model precision evaluation method based on fill-cut analysis Download PDF

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CN107122522B
CN107122522B CN201710193296.7A CN201710193296A CN107122522B CN 107122522 B CN107122522 B CN 107122522B CN 201710193296 A CN201710193296 A CN 201710193296A CN 107122522 B CN107122522 B CN 107122522B
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徐志敏
马瑞
张力
杨爱明
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Changjiang Spatial Information Technology Engineering Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a digital elevation model precision evaluation method based on filling and excavating analysis. It comprises the following steps: selecting a reference DEM, namely selecting the reference DEM with the same or higher precision than the DEM to be evaluated; cutting a reference DEM to ensure that the geographic range of the reference DEM is consistent with that of the DEM to be evaluated; calculating the resampling resolution, and calculating the optimal resampling resolution according to the resolutions of the reference DEM and the DEM to be evaluated; performing DEM resampling, namely performing nearest neighbor resampling on the reference DEM and the DEM to be evaluated by adopting resampling resolution; calculating the volume difference of the filling and digging part, and calculating the sum of the volume difference of each resampled grid unit of the DEM to be evaluated and the reference DEM; and calculating the filling and digging error, and dividing the filling and digging volume difference by the area of the DEM geographical range. The method has the advantage of improving the scientificity and the practicability of the digital elevation model precision evaluation method.

Description

Digital elevation model precision evaluation method based on fill-cut analysis
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of surveying and mapping, in particular to a digital elevation model precision evaluation method based on filling and excavating analysis.
Background
A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is a basic data source for space data infrastructure and Digital earth construction, and is widely applied to scientific research and engineering practice related to three-dimensional geographic spatial positions; the data accuracy of the digital elevation model directly influences the feasibility, reliability and accuracy of various applications depending on the digital elevation model. Therefore, the adoption of a scientific model for carrying out precision analysis and quality evaluation on the digital elevation model data is a basic premise for ensuring the correct application of the digital elevation model data.
Currently, for an accuracy evaluation method of a digital elevation model, an error model in elevation is adopted in the surveying and mapping industry, and the error in elevation of a limited number of detection points (generally 20-50 points per image) is used as an accuracy index of the digital elevation model, which is referred to in section 6.1.2.2.1 of the surveying and mapping industry standard CH/T2026 and 2012 digital elevation model quality inspection technical regulation; however, this evaluation method has the following two disadvantages: 1) the precision condition of a limited number of detection points cannot represent the overall precision condition of the digital elevation model, and 2) the selection of the number and distribution of the detection points has subjectivity, so that the uncertainty of the precision evaluation value is caused.
For the deficiency of the error model in elevation, the academic world also proposes various alternative methods: the Touguean and the like propose a terrain description error model for describing the difference between a simulated ground and an actual ground under the condition that an elevation sampling error is zero, see the thesis 'digital elevation model terrain description precision quantitative simulation research'; however, it is not accurate for the model to take the elevation mean values of four corner points of the grid unit extracted by the window analysis method as the actual true value of the midpoint elevation;
a reconstructed contour line model is proposed by Zhuchangqing and the like, the ratio of the offset error area of the reconstructed contour line to the length of the original contour line is used for evaluating the overall error of the digital elevation model, see a paper DEM precision evaluation model based on the reconstructed contour line, however, the model is calculated based on the contour line, and the influence of the contour distance on the digital elevation model on the overall error calculated value is ignored;
a Strahler integral calculation model is provided by any aspiration peak and the like, a DEM error is defined as a Strahler integral difference between an experimental DEM and a true DEM, and a thesis of a Strahler integral-based DEM precision evaluation model is referred to, however, the true DEM of the model needs to be obtained by mathematical simulation, the DEM generated by a non-contour line cannot be evaluated, and the practicability is poor.
Therefore, a method for unifying scientificity and practicability is not available in the DEM precision evaluation model problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a digital elevation model precision evaluation method based on fill-and-dig analysis, and the scientificity and the practicability of the digital elevation model precision evaluation method are improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a digital elevation model precision evaluation method based on fill-and-dig square analysis is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: and selecting a reference DEM: selecting a DEM with the same or higher precision than the DEM to be evaluated as a reference DEM, wherein the geographic range of the reference DEM is not less than that of the DEM to be evaluated; the reference DEM is the same as a DEM space reference system to be evaluated;
step 2: and (3) clipping by reference to DEM: cutting the reference DEM to ensure that the geographic range of the DEM to be evaluated is consistent with that of the reference DEM;
and step 3: calculating the resampling resolution: for resolution d, length S0Width of T0The minimum digit number of D is m, the minimum digit number of D is n, and the calculation method of the optimal resampling resolution Δ D of the DEM to be evaluated and the reference DEM with the resolution of D in the same range is shown as the following formula (1):
Figure GDA0002294308400000021
wherein (d × 10)m,D×10n) Is d × 10mAnd Dx 10nThe greatest common divisor of (c);
max (m, n) is the larger of m and n;
if the DEM to be evaluated or the reference DEM resolution is an integer, the decimal place number is zero, and the calculation result is not influenced;
the reason for adopting the common divisor method to calculate the resampling resolution ratio is that the resolution ratio of the DEM after resampling can be ensured to be consistent, and each grid unit of the DEM can be averagely divided, so that a new resampling error is not introduced;
and 4, step 4: resampling the reference DEM and the DEM to be evaluated: performing nearest neighbor resampling on the reference DEM and the DEM to be evaluated by adopting the resolution ratio calculated in the step 3, so that the resolution ratio of the reference DEM and the DEM to be evaluated after resampling is kept consistent under the condition that the elevation of the grid point is not changed;
the reason for selecting the nearest neighbor method is that the elevation of the sub-grid cells after resampling is kept consistent with the elevation of the grid cells before resampling; meanwhile, the geographic range of the reference DEM is the same as that of the DEM to be evaluated, and the resolution ratio after resampling is the same, so that the number of grid rows and columns is the same;
and 5: calculating the volume difference of filling and digging parts: after resampling by a nearest neighbor method, the volume difference between the DEM to be evaluated and the reference DEM can be obtained by calculating the sum of the volume differences of each resampled grid unit; and if the number of DEM rows and columns after resampling is S and t respectively, S is equal to S0/Δd、t＝T0D, the volume difference V between the DEM to be evaluated and the reference DEMcfIs calculated as shown in the following equation (2):
Figure GDA0002294308400000031
wherein: h isijCorresponding the grid unit of the ith row and the jth column after resampling to the elevation in the DEM to be evaluated;
Hijcorresponding the height of the grid unit of the jth row and jth column in the reference DEM after resampling;
step 6: calculating filling and digging error: according to the step 5, the area A of the geographical range of the grid DEM is obtained as S0T0＝stΔd2，
In the same geographic range with the area A, setting the three-dimensional volume V at the position where the relative elevation of the reference DEM is zero0When the three-dimensional volume at the position where the DEM to be evaluated has zero relative elevation is V, V and V0Three-dimensional volume difference V ofcfComprising a fill part VfillAnd a digging part Vcut(ii) a Wherein the fill part VfillFor the part of DEM to be evaluated higher than the reference DEM, a part V is dugcutFor the volume portion of the DEM to be evaluated lower than the reference DEM, it is expressed in a collective manner as shown in the following equation (3):
Figure GDA0002294308400000032
will VfillAnd VcutAdding to obtain V and V0Volume difference V ofcf，VcfIs calculated as shown in the following formula (4)：
Vcf＝Vfill+Vcut(4)
The geographic range and the resolution ratio of the reference DEM and the DEM to be evaluated are completely consistent, the height points of each grid are superposed with the bottom surfaces of the cuboids, and only the heights are different, so that the filling and digging volume difference of the reference DEM and the DEM to be evaluated is the sum of the volume difference of the cuboids corresponding to each grid elevation point;
filling and digging error E of DEMcfDefined as the three-dimensional volume difference V of the DEM to be evaluated and the reference DEM in the same areacfThe quotient of the area A and the filling and digging error is used as an index for measuring the DEM precision; the filling and digging error E of the DEM to be evaluated can be obtainedcgThe mathematical expression is the following formula (5):
Figure GDA0002294308400000041
combining the formula (2) and the formula (5), the filling and digging square error E of the DEM to be evaluated can be calculatedcfThe calculation formula is shown in the following formula (6):
Figure GDA0002294308400000042
and calculating the obtained filling and excavating error value, namely measuring the accuracy measurement value of the DEM to be evaluated relative to the reference DEM.
In the above technical solution, in step 6, any difference between the DEM to be evaluated and the reference DEM on the expression terrain is finally reflected in the filling and digging error E of the DEM to be evaluatedcfThe closer the DEM to be evaluated is to the reference DEM, the filling and digging error E of the DEM to be evaluatedcfThe smaller; when the DEM to be evaluated is completely consistent with the reference DEM on the expression terrain, filling and digging error E of the DEM to be evaluatedcfIs zero.
The method for evaluating the accuracy of the digital elevation model based on fill-dig analysis is applicable to a grid DEM, the DEM to be evaluated refers to the DEM needing accuracy evaluation, and the reference DEM is a reference value of an elevation true value of the DEM to be evaluated; fill volume and excavation of DEM to be evaluated relative to reference DEMThe sum of the square volumes is the calculated filling and excavating error EcfThe key of (a), in fact, the volume of the DEM is a set of volumes of cuboids corresponding to each grid point, the bottom surface of each cuboid is a square (that is, the side length is the resolution of the DEM), the height is the elevation of the corresponding grid point, and refer to "digital elevation model (second edition)" (plum forest); when the geographic ranges and resolutions of the reference DEM and the DEM to be evaluated are completely consistent, the height points of the grids are overlapped with the bottom surfaces of the cuboids, and only the heights of the reference DEM and the DEM to be evaluated are different, so that the filling and digging volume difference of the reference DEM and the DEM to be evaluated is the sum of the volume difference of the cuboids corresponding to each grid elevation point.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) the scientificity and the practicability of the digital elevation model precision evaluation method can be improved, and the defects of the existing evaluation method are made up to a certain extent;
(2) the overall data quality of the DEM is considered, the logic is tighter, and the calculation is simple and convenient;
(3) any difference between the DEM to be evaluated and the reference DEM on the expression terrain is finally reflected in EcfIn the above, there is no uncertainty caused by subjective factors in the calculation process; the closer the DEM to be evaluated is to the reference DEM, EcfThe smaller; when only the topographic expression is completely consistent, EcfIs zero, therefore, E iscfThe evaluation standard of the DEM overall precision is scientific;
(4) the resampling resolution ratio is calculated by adopting a common divisor method, so that not only can the grid units of the DEM to be evaluated and the reference DEM be averagely divided, but also the space ranges of the divided grid units are in one-to-one correspondence, and the calculation of the volume difference of the filling and digging parts is facilitated;
(5) by adopting the nearest neighbor method for resampling, the elevation of the sub-grid unit after resampling can be ensured to be consistent with the elevation of the grid unit before resampling, the topographic characteristics of the original DEM are maintained, and therefore, a new resampling error is not introduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an elevation profile of a reference DEM of the present invention at a cross-section with a DEM to be evaluated.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the nearest neighbor resampling method for the DEM to be evaluated and the reference DEM.
Fig. 3 is a DEM diagram to be evaluated according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a reference DEM diagram after cropping according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a distribution plot of a first set of randomly selected inspection points for calculating the error in elevation of the DEM to be evaluated.
Fig. 6 is a distribution plot of a second set of randomly selected inspection points for calculating the error in elevation of the DEM to be evaluated.
Fig. 7 is a distribution plot of a third set of randomly selected detection points for calculating the error in elevation of the DEM to be evaluated.
In fig. 1, i is a reference DEM surface, ii is a DEM surface to be evaluated, C is a volume portion of the DEM to be evaluated higher than the reference DEM, and D is a volume portion of the DEM to be evaluated lower than the reference DEM;
in fig. 2, E is a DEM grid unit to be evaluated with a resolution of 0.5 m;
e1 is a DEM grid unit to be evaluated, which is resampled to be 0.1m in the nearest neighbor method;
f is a reference DEM grid unit with the resolution of 0.4 m;
f1 is a reference DEM grid unit with the nearest neighbor resampling resolution of 0.1 m;
in fig. 3, the resolution of the DEM to be evaluated in the example is 10 m;
in fig. 4, the reference DEM resolution after clipping is 1m in the embodiment;
in fig. 5, the DEM resolution to be evaluated is 1 m;
in fig. 6, the DEM resolution to be evaluated is 1 m;
in fig. 7, the DEM resolution to be evaluated is 1 m.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are not intended to limit the present invention, but are merely exemplary. While the advantages of the invention will be clear and readily understood by the description.
With reference to the accompanying drawings: a digital elevation model precision evaluation method based on fill-and-dig square analysis is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: and selecting a reference DEM: selecting a DEM with the same or higher precision than the DEM to be evaluated as a reference DEM, wherein the geographic range of the reference DEM is not less than that of the DEM to be evaluated; the reference DEM is the same as a DEM space reference system to be evaluated;
step 2: and (3) clipping by reference to DEM: cutting the reference DEM to ensure that the geographic range of the DEM to be evaluated is consistent with that of the reference DEM;
and step 3: calculating the resampling resolution: for resolution d, length S0Width of T0The minimum digit number of D is m, the minimum digit number of D is n, and the calculation method of the optimal resampling resolution Δ D of the DEM to be evaluated and the reference DEM with the resolution of D in the same range is shown as the following formula (1):
Figure GDA0002294308400000071
wherein (d × 10)m,D×10n) Is d × 10mAnd Dx 10nThe greatest common divisor of (c);
max (m, n) is the larger of m and n;
if the DEM to be evaluated or the reference DEM resolution is an integer, the decimal place number is zero;
and 4, step 4: resampling the reference DEM and the DEM to be evaluated: performing nearest neighbor resampling on the reference DEM and the DEM to be evaluated by adopting the resolution ratio calculated in the step 3, so that the resolution ratio of the reference DEM and the DEM to be evaluated after resampling is kept consistent under the condition that the elevation of the grid point is not changed;
for a DEM 1 grid cell with a resolution of 0.5m and a DEM2 grid cell with a resolution of 0.4m, the two DEMs can be nearest-neighbor resampled with a resolution of 0.1m after resampling (as shown in fig. 2) according to equation (1);
and 5: calculating the volume difference of filling and digging parts: after resampling by a nearest neighbor method, the volume difference between the DEM to be evaluated and the reference DEM can be obtained by calculating the sum of the volume differences of each resampled grid unit; the number of DEM rows and columns after resampling is respectively s and t, and s is equal to tS0/Δd、t＝T0D, the volume difference V between the DEM to be evaluated and the reference DEMcfIs calculated as shown in the following equation (2):
Figure GDA0002294308400000072
wherein: h isijCorresponding the grid unit of the ith row and the jth column after resampling to the elevation in the DEM to be evaluated;
Hijcorresponding the grid unit of the ith row and the jth column after resampling to the elevation in the reference DEM;
step 6: calculating filling and digging error: according to the step 5, the area A of the geographical range of the grid DEM is obtained as S0T0＝stΔd2，
In the same geographic range with the area A, setting the three-dimensional volume V at the position where the relative elevation of the reference DEM is zero0When the three-dimensional volume at the position where the DEM to be evaluated has zero relative elevation is V, V and V0Three-dimensional volume difference V ofcfShould include a fill portion VfillAnd a digging part Vcut(ii) a Wherein the fill part VfillFor the DEM to be evaluated to be higher than the volume part C of the reference DEM, digging part VcutFor the volumetric portion D (shown in fig. 1) of the DEM to be evaluated, which is lower than the reference DEM, the collective expression is shown in the following equation (3):
Figure GDA0002294308400000081
will VfillAnd VcutAdding to obtain V and V0Volume difference V ofcf，VcfThe calculation of (c) is shown in the following equation (4):
Vcf＝Vfill+Vcut(4)
filling and digging error E of DEMcfDefined as the three-dimensional volume difference V of the DEM to be evaluated and the reference DEM in the same areacfThe quotient of the area A and the filling and digging error is used as an index for measuring the DEM precision; the filling and digging error E of the DEM to be evaluated can be obtainedcfIs expressed mathematically asThe following formula (5):
Figure GDA0002294308400000082
combining the formula (2) and the formula (5), the filling and digging square error E of the DEM to be evaluated can be calculatedcfThe calculation formula is shown in the following formula (6):
Figure GDA0002294308400000083
and calculating the obtained filling and excavating error value, namely measuring the accuracy measurement value of the DEM to be evaluated relative to the reference DEM.
In step 6, any difference between the DEM to be evaluated and the reference DEM on the expression terrain is finally reflected in the filling and digging error E of the DEM to be evaluatedcfThe closer the DEM to be evaluated is to the reference DEM, the filling and digging error E of the DEM to be evaluatedcfThe smaller; when the DEM to be evaluated is completely consistent with the reference DEM on the expression terrain, filling and digging error E of the DEM to be evaluatedcfIs zero.
Examples
The method takes the precision evaluation of the real digital elevation model data in a certain area based on fill-and-dig party analysis as an embodiment to be explained in detail, and has guiding significance for the precision evaluation of the digital elevation model data in other areas based on fill-and-dig party analysis.
In this embodiment, the DEM to be evaluated has a resolution of 10m, the reference system is CGCS2000_3_ Degree _ GK _ CM _114E, and the grid size is 400 × 400; the geographical range is: top, 3252005.6358; left, 419993.330279; right, 424003.330279; bottom, 3247995.6358.
Step 1: reference DEM selection
Selecting a high-precision DEM with the same spatial reference system as the DEM to be evaluated, larger area and resolution of 1m as a reference DEM;
step 2: reference DEM clipping
Cutting the reference DEM by taking the geographic range of the DEM to be evaluated as a limit, wherein after cutting, the geographic range of the reference DEM is consistent with that of the DEM to be evaluated; the reference DEM grid size is 4000 x 4000; the reference DEM is shown in FIG. 3, and the clipped DEM to be evaluated is shown in FIG. 4:
and step 3: calculating resampling resolution
In the embodiment, the DEM resolution d to be evaluated is 10m, and the decimal place m is 0; the resolution D of the reference DEM is 1m, and the decimal place n is 0; calculating the resampling resolution ratio to be 1m according to the formula (1);
Figure GDA0002294308400000091
and 4, step 4: DEM resampling
Since the reference DEM resolution is already 1m, no resampling is performed; the nearest neighbor method resampling is carried out on the DEM to be evaluated only by adopting the resolution of 1 m; after resampling, the grid sizes of the reference DEM and the DEM to be evaluated are 4000 x 4000.
And 5: calculating fill and dig square volume difference
Calculating the filling and digging volume difference of the DEM to be evaluated according to the reference DEM one by one grid unit, summing the filling and digging volume difference, and calculating according to a formula (2) to obtain:
Figure GDA0002294308400000092
step 6: calculating fill-cut square error
The geographic area of the DEM is: a ═ st Δ d2＝4000*4000*12＝16000000(m2) Thus, the calculated fill-cut error is:
Figure GDA0002294308400000101
therefore, the fill-and-dig error of the DEM to be evaluated with respect to the reference DEM is about 1.676 m.
Comparing the embodiment of the invention with an error model in elevation commonly adopted in the surveying and mapping industry, and calculating the error in elevation of the DEM to be evaluated relative to a reference DEM; according to the requirements of section 6.1.2.2.1 of CH/T2026 and 2012 digital elevation model quality inspection technical specification of surveying and mapping industry standard, a Create Random Points tool of ArcMap software is adopted, three groups of detection Points are randomly selected within the DEM icon range to be evaluated, and the number of each group of detection Points is 35; the monitoring point specific distribution diagrams of the three groups of detection points are respectively shown in fig. 5, 6 and 7;
formula for calculating error in elevation according to surveying and mapping industry standard
Figure GDA0002294308400000102
And calculating the errors in the elevation of the three groups of DEMs to be evaluated relative to the reference DEM, wherein the errors are shown in the following table:
group of First group Second group Third group
Error value in elevation (m) 2.673 3.052 2.249
As can be seen from the above table, the random distribution conditions of the three groups of random detection points are different, which results in a larger difference of error calculation results in elevation; therefore, the evaluation result of the error model in elevation depends on the selection and distribution of the detection points.
Compared with the error model in elevation generally adopted by the existing surveying and mapping industry, the method for evaluating the accuracy of the digital elevation model based on fill-dig analysis has better scientificity and practicability: when the precision of the DEM to be evaluated is evaluated by adopting an error model in elevation, the evaluation result depends on the selection of a detection point; the digital elevation model precision evaluation method based on fill-and-dig analysis does not depend on selection of detection points, and simultaneously can express all terrain volume differences of the DEM to be evaluated relative to the reference DEM under the condition of not introducing third-party errors.
Other parts not described belong to the prior art.

Claims (2)

1. A digital elevation model precision evaluation method based on fill-and-dig square analysis is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: and selecting a reference DEM: selecting a DEM with the same or higher precision than the DEM to be evaluated as a reference DEM, wherein the geographic range of the reference DEM is not less than that of the DEM to be evaluated; the reference DEM is the same as a DEM space reference system to be evaluated;
step 2: and (3) clipping by reference to DEM: cutting the reference DEM to ensure that the geographic range of the DEM to be evaluated is consistent with that of the reference DEM;
and step 3: calculating the resampling resolution: for resolution d, length S0Width of T0The minimum digit number of D is m, the minimum digit number of D is n, and the calculation method of the optimal resampling resolution Δ D of the DEM to be evaluated and the reference DEM with the resolution of D in the same range is shown as the following formula (1):
Figure FDA0002294308390000011
wherein (d × 10)m,D×10n) Is d × 10mAnd Dx 10nThe greatest common divisor of (c);
max (m, n) is the larger of m and n;
if the DEM to be evaluated or the reference DEM resolution is an integer, the decimal place number is zero;
and 4, step 4: resampling the reference DEM and the DEM to be evaluated: performing nearest neighbor resampling on the reference DEM and the DEM to be evaluated by adopting the resolution ratio calculated in the step 3, so that the resolution ratio of the reference DEM and the DEM to be evaluated after resampling is kept consistent under the condition that the elevation of the grid point is not changed;
and 5: calculating the volume difference of filling and digging parts: after resampling by a nearest neighbor method, the volume difference between the DEM to be evaluated and the reference DEM can be obtained by calculating the sum of the volume differences of each resampled grid unit; and if the number of DEM rows and columns after resampling is S and t respectively, S is equal to S0/Δd、t＝T0D, the volume difference V between the DEM to be evaluated and the reference DEMcfIs calculated as shown in the following equation (2):
Figure FDA0002294308390000012
wherein: h isijCorresponding the grid unit of the ith row and the jth column after resampling to the elevation in the DEM to be evaluated;
Hijcorresponding the grid unit of the ith row and the jth column after resampling to the elevation in the reference DEM;
step 6: calculating filling and digging error: according to the step 5, the area A of the geographical range of the grid DEM is obtained as S0T0＝stΔd2，
In the same geographic range with the area A, setting the three-dimensional volume V at the position where the relative elevation of the reference DEM is zero0When the three-dimensional volume at the position where the DEM to be evaluated has zero relative elevation is V, V and V0Three-dimensional volume difference V ofcfComprising a fill part VfillAnd a digging part Vcut(ii) a Wherein the fill part VfillFor the part of DEM to be evaluated higher than the reference DEM, a part V is dugcutFor the volume portion of the DEM to be evaluated lower than the reference DEM, it is expressed in a collective manner as shown in the following equation (3):
Figure FDA0002294308390000021
will VfillAnd VcutAdding to obtain V and V0Volume difference V ofcf，VcfThe calculation of (c) is shown in the following equation (4):
Vcf＝Vfill+Vcut(4)
filling and digging error E of DEMcfDefined as the three-dimensional volume difference V of the DEM to be evaluated and the reference DEM in the same areacfThe quotient of the area A and the filling and digging error is used as an index for measuring the DEM precision; the filling and digging error E of the DEM to be evaluated can be obtainedcfThe mathematical expression is the following formula (5):
Figure FDA0002294308390000022
combining the formula (2) and the formula (5), the filling and digging square error E of the DEM to be evaluated can be calculatedcfThe calculation formula is shown in the following formula (6):
Figure FDA0002294308390000023
and calculating the obtained filling and excavating error value, namely measuring the accuracy measurement value of the DEM to be evaluated relative to the reference DEM.
2. The method for evaluating the accuracy of a digital elevation model based on fill-and-dig analysis according to claim 1, wherein: in step 6, any difference between the DEM to be evaluated and the reference DEM on the expression terrain is finally reflected in the filling and digging error E of the DEM to be evaluatedcfThe closer the DEM to be evaluated is to the reference DEM, the filling and digging error E of the DEM to be evaluatedcfThe smaller; when the DEM to be evaluated is completely consistent with the reference DEM on the expression terrain, filling and digging error E of the DEM to be evaluatedcfIs zero.
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