CN113901689A - Mountain area lightning stroke positioning method and device - Google Patents
Mountain area lightning stroke positioning method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application provides a mountain area lightning stroke positioning method and device. And establishing a gridding mountain area model according to the mountain area topographic features. And carrying out multiple lightning stroke simulation, and optimizing a lightning stroke position test distribution diagram by comparing the lightning stroke position distribution obtained by simulation with the lightning radiation source distribution. And carrying out time compensation on the lightning stroke positioning calculation result by enveloping the real path data of the electromagnetic waves. And setting a judgment circle to remove the abnormal data points. And (3) simulating and analyzing the influence of the number and the distribution mode of the observation stations on the positioning precision to obtain an optimal lightning stroke position test distribution diagram, calculating the positioning error in each grid, and providing positioning error compensation for calculating the position of a lightning stroke occurrence point.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of lightning detection and early warning, in particular to a mountain lightning stroke positioning method and device.
Background
The mountain area is a zone with multiple thunder and lightning, so that the power transmission line in the mountain area is easy to break down due to lightning strike. In order to avoid influencing normal power supply in mountainous areas, the position where lightning strikes occur needs to be accurately positioned, and therefore a fault line is found to be accurately positioned and maintained.
The multi-station time difference lightning Positioning technology based on the GPS (Global Positioning System) technology is often applied to mountain lightning strike Positioning. The multi-station time difference lightning positioning technology is characterized in that a plurality of observation substations are arranged, a two-dimensional graph or a three-dimensional graph is constructed by utilizing the time difference formed by the arrival of electromagnetic waves generated by lightning strikes at the observation substations, the radiation source point of the two-dimensional graph or the three-dimensional graph is traced, the lightning strike occurrence point is obtained, and the fault point of the power transmission line is found. However, the positioning accuracy of the multi-station time difference lightning positioning technology is easy to generate errors due to the fact that complex terrains in mountainous areas block electromagnetic wave propagation, and in order to improve the positioning accuracy, a foundation lightning detection network is combined to position fault points on the basis of the multi-station time difference lightning positioning technology.
The foundation lightning detection network is arranged, topographic features are added to the multi-station time difference lightning positioning technology, the mountainous area terrain is subjected to gridding processing when a plurality of observation stations are arranged, and positioning accuracy is further improved. However, the undulation of the mountain area and the thickness of the mountain still form a barrier for the electromagnetic waves to reach the observation station, so that the observation station has hysteresis on the observation of the electromagnetic waves, and the situation of inaccurate positioning of the lightning stroke fault site occurs.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a method and a device for locating a mountain lightning stroke, which aim to solve the problem that the location where the lightning stroke occurs is inaccurate due to the fact that the complex terrain of the mountain blocks the conduction of electromagnetic waves generated by the lightning stroke.
The application provides a mountain area lightning stroke positioning method, which comprises the following steps:
and (5) counting the topographic features of the mountainous area to establish a mountainous area model.
And gridding the region model, and setting a plurality of observation stations to obtain a simulation region of which any point can be described by coordinates.
The terrain features are added to the mountain area model, so that the reduction degree of the mountain area model is improved, and the simulation result is more accurate. And gridding the region model to ensure that each point and each sub-region on the region model can be described by coordinates, so that lightning stroke occurrence points can be conveniently described.
And carrying out multiple lightning stroke simulation to obtain lightning stroke observation data.
And performing time compensation on the lightning stroke observation data to obtain time compensation observation data added with terrain delay factors.
And rejecting abnormal data points in the observation data by combining the distribution of data points of the lightning radiation source in the simulation area to obtain optimized observation data.
The positioning precision of the lightning stroke occurrence point is improved through time compensation. And the abnormal value appearing in the calculation is eliminated by removing the abnormal data points, so that the accuracy of the observed data is further improved.
And optimizing the number and distribution mode of observation stations on the optimized observation data to obtain the optimal observation data, and calculating a positioning error value in each grid.
The number and the distribution mode of the observation stations have great influence on the calculation result of lightning location, the number and the distribution mode of the observation stations are changed, the number and the distribution mode of the observation stations are matched differently, repeated simulation and test are carried out, the optimal number and the optimal distribution mode of the observation stations are selected, and the location error in each grid is calculated, so that the location accuracy of lightning strike occurrence points is improved.
And when the actual lightning stroke occurs, confirming the grid area to which the occurrence accumulation belongs, and correcting the observed lightning positioning result according to the positioning error value in the grid area.
Optionally, the step of gridding includes:
and selecting a square simulation area on the basis of the mountain area model.
The square simulation area is selected to conveniently divide the sub-simulation areas in an equal area, and the square has the characteristic of equal side length, so that the determination of the central point of the simulation area is facilitated, and the establishment of a coordinate system is facilitated.
And arranging a plurality of observation stations in the simulation area, wherein the geometric center of the connecting line of the observation stations is the center of the simulation area.
And dividing the square simulation area into a plurality of sub-simulation areas with the same area size to obtain a gridding simulation area.
Several lightning radiation sources with different heights are arranged at the geometric center of each sub-area.
The sub-simulation regions are also square regions with equal areas, and the sub-simulation regions are divided to enable the mountain region model to be gridded and can be described by coordinates. And a lightning radiation source is arranged at the geometric center of the sub-simulation area, and the distances from the radiation source to any side of the sub-simulation area are equal, so that the positioning calculation of lightning generation points is facilitated.
Optionally, the step of performing time compensation on the observation data includes:
and counting real path data of electromagnetic waves transmitted to the observation station by the lightning radiation source.
And calculating the transmission time of the electromagnetic waves to the observation station under the condition of neglecting the terrain blocking factor.
And carrying out enveloping processing on the real path data to obtain an enveloping curve of the real path data.
And calculating the optimized transmission time of the electromagnetic waves transmitted to the observation station by taking the envelope curve as the electromagnetic wave transmission path.
And carrying out subtraction operation on the optimized transmission time and the transmission time to obtain a time delay value formed by terrain factors.
And setting the time delay to a time compensation value for transmitting the electromagnetic waves to the observation station when the actual positioning is carried out.
Calculating the transmission time of the electromagnetic waves transmitted to the observation station before and after the terrain blocking factors are ignored, enveloping the transmission path curve to improve the reduction degree of the real path, calculating the time delay value of the lightning generating point positioning, and adding time compensation in the actual application of the lightning generating point positioning.
Optionally, the step of removing abnormal data in the observation data in combination with the distribution of lightning radiation source data points in the simulation area to obtain optimized observation data includes:
and drawing a simulated lightning stroke position distribution diagram by taking the lightning stroke data observed in the simulation process as a sample.
And comparing the simulated lightning stroke position distribution diagram with the position of the lightning radiation source data in the simulation area, and eliminating abnormal data points in the simulated lightning stroke position distribution diagram to obtain an optimized simulated lightning stroke position distribution diagram.
And drawing a lightning stroke position distribution diagram, visually finding out a lightning stroke frequent zone, and calculating the probability and position error of the lightning stroke of each grid area. And data points with abnormal distribution on the graph are removed, so that a large number of abnormal values can be filtered, and the calculation precision is improved.
Optionally, the step of determining an abnormal data point includes:
and setting an abnormal data judgment radius by taking the lightning radiation source as a circle center to obtain an abnormal data judgment circle.
If the simulated lightning stroke point is within the coverage range of the judgment circle, the lightning stroke point is a normal data point, and the normal data point is reserved in the simulated lightning stroke position distribution diagram;
and if the simulated lightning stroke point is out of the coverage range of the judgment circle, the simulated lightning stroke point is an abnormal data point, and the abnormal data point is deleted in the simulated lightning stroke position distribution diagram.
By setting the judgment circle, abnormal data points are filtered, normal data are reserved, abnormal data are removed, a lightning stroke position test distribution diagram is optimized, and the calculation of error values in the next grid is facilitated.
Optionally, the step of deriving a positioning error value in each grid includes:
and setting the number of the observation stations.
The positions of several observation stations are distributed in various ways.
And randomly matching the number of the observation stations with the distribution positions of the observation stations to form a plurality of observation station characteristic combinations.
The influence of the observation stations on the positioning accuracy of the lightning generating points is mainly reflected in two aspects of the number and the positions of the observation stations, and the optimal number and the optimal distribution mode of the observation stations in the gridding area can be obtained by distributing the number and the distribution mode of the observation stations, so that the optimal lightning position test distribution map is obtained.
And counting the lightning location data obtained by the characteristic combination observation of the plurality of observation stations to obtain a plurality of lightning stroke position test distribution maps.
And comparing the lightning position test distribution diagram with the lightning radiation source of the simulation area to obtain the optimal lightning position test distribution diagram.
Comparing the lightning stroke occurrence points in the lightning stroke position test distribution diagram with the positions of the lightning radiation sources in each grid, wherein the higher the coincidence degree is, the more suitable the characteristic combination of the corresponding observation station is for lightning stroke positioning of the mountain area model.
And carrying out error statistics on the normal data points on the optimal lightning stroke position test distribution diagram and the lightning radiation source to obtain the positioning error of the normal data points in each grid.
And obtaining a positioning error in each grid, and carrying out error compensation on a positioning result when actual lightning stroke positioning is carried out.
The application also provides a mountain area positioner that is struck by lightning, its characterized in that includes: the device comprises a data acquisition module, a simulation module, a data processing module and an execution module.
The data acquisition module is used for counting the topographic features of the mountainous area and establishing a mountainous area model.
The simulation module is used for gridding the region model, arranging a plurality of observation stations and obtaining a simulation region of which any point can be described by coordinates.
The simulation module is also used for carrying out multiple lightning stroke simulation to obtain lightning stroke observation data.
And the data processing module is used for performing time compensation on the lightning stroke observation data to obtain time compensation observation data added with terrain delay factors.
The data processing module is further used for removing abnormal data points in the observation data by combining the distribution of the lightning radiation sources in the simulation area to obtain optimized observation data.
The data processing module is further configured to perform optimization processing on the optimized observation data with respect to the number and distribution mode of the observation stations to obtain optimal observation data, and calculate a positioning error value in each grid.
And the execution module is used for confirming the grid area where the lightning strike occurs when the lightning strike actually occurs, and correcting the observed lightning locating result according to the locating error value in the grid area.
According to the method, a mountainous area model is established according to mountainous terrain features, and gridding processing is carried out on the area model to obtain a simulation area, wherein each point in the area can be described by coordinates. And calculating the time of the electromagnetic wave transmitted to the observation station from the real path under the condition of straight line propagation without obstacles. And the time for transmitting the electromagnetic wave to the observation station under the mountain and terrain obstruction condition is obtained through enveloping processing of the real path. And obtaining a time compensation value of the electromagnetic wave transmitted to the observation station through subtraction operation, and adding time compensation for calculating the time of the electromagnetic wave transmitted to the observation station.
And comparing the lightning stroke position distribution obtained by simulation with the lightning radiation source distribution to further optimize the lightning stroke position test distribution diagram. And setting a judgment circle to remove the abnormal data points. And (3) simulating and analyzing the influence of the number and the distribution mode of the observation stations on the positioning precision to obtain the optimal number and the optimal distribution of the observation stations, calculating the positioning error in each grid, and providing error compensation for calculating the position of the lightning stroke occurrence point.
Drawings
In order to more clearly explain the technical solution of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a mountain lightning stroke positioning method;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a gridding process;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a process for time compensation of observed data;
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of removing abnormal data from the observation data to obtain optimized observation data;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a method for determining abnormal data points;
fig. 6 is a schematic flow chart of the calculation of the positioning error compensation value.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following examples do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present application. But merely as exemplifications of systems and methods consistent with certain aspects of the application, as recited in the claims.
The application provides a mountain area lightning stroke positioning method and device, which are applied to mountain area lightning stroke positioning. And establishing a region model according to the mountainous area and the mountainous area topographic characteristics, and meshing the region model. The method comprises the steps of obtaining lightning stroke observation data through simulating lightning stroke, obtaining a time compensation value, the optimal number and the optimal distribution of observation stations and an error compensation value according to the observation data, wherein the time compensation value, the optimal number and the optimal distribution of the observation stations and the error compensation value can improve positioning accuracy in actual lightning stroke positioning calculation. The following is a detailed description with reference to fig. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a mountain lightning stroke positioning method, which includes the steps of:
s100: and (5) counting the topographic features of the mountainous area to establish a mountainous area model.
The mountainous area model is a simulation model established by inputting The terrain features of a target mountainous area in ATP-EMTP (The Alternative transitions Program-The Electromagnetic transitions Program). The mountainous area terrain features comprise mountainous height, mountainous thickness, terrain relief degree and the like, the more abundant the mountainous area terrain features added in the mountainous area model are, the higher the reduction degree of the mountainous area model is, the closer the simulation result is to a true value, and the accuracy of lightning stroke positioning is favorably improved.
S101: and gridding the region model, and setting a plurality of observation stations to obtain a simulation region of which any point can be described by coordinates.
The gridding treatment is convenient for establishing a coordinate system, the simulation area is divided into a plurality of grid sub-areas, the thunder and lightning positioning condition in each grid is counted, and then the summary analysis is carried out. The obtained data has the characteristics of generalization and higher authenticity.
S102: and carrying out multiple lightning stroke simulation to obtain lightning stroke observation data.
The lightning stroke observation data refers to data such as time of transmitting electromagnetic waves generated by lightning stroke simulation to each observation station, communication time between the observation station secondary station and the observation station main station, transmission path data of transmitting the electromagnetic waves to each observation station and the like.
S103: and performing time compensation on the lightning stroke observation data to obtain time compensation observation data added with terrain delay factors.
When the lightning strike occurs in the mountain area, the general method is applied to calculate the transmission time of the electromagnetic wave generated by the lightning strike and transmitted to the observation station, and the obstruction factor of the mountain body or the terrain to the electromagnetic wave is ignored, so the real value of the transmission timeAnd there is a certain deviation from the measured value. When lightning stroke simulation is carried out, the blocking factor of a mountain body is not considered, and the transmission time t of the electromagnetic wave generated by the lightning stroke and transmitted to the observation station is obtained1. Considering the hindering factor of the mountain body, the transfer time t is obtained2. The transfer time has a difference tx. From the calculation perspective, the electromagnetic wave transmission time can influence the tracing calculation of the lightning stroke occurrence point. Therefore, considering the hindering factor of the mountain to the electromagnetic wave transmission, the time compensation is needed to be carried out on the electromagnetic wave transmission time, and the positioning result obtained when the lightning stroke occurrence point is traced by adopting the time compensation is more accurate. The transfer time difference t obtained by simulating a plurality of timesxAnd carrying out probability statistical processing to obtain a stable transmission time difference value, wherein the stable transmission time difference value is a time compensation value and is used for adding time compensation to the transmission time so as to improve the lightning positioning precision. And meanwhile, time compensation observation data added with terrain delay factors are obtained.
S104: and rejecting abnormal data points in the observation data by combining the distribution of data points of the lightning radiation source in the simulation area to obtain optimized observation data.
The method comprises the steps of setting lightning radiation source data points to be equal to lightning stroke occurrence points when simulation is carried out, tracing the lightning stroke occurrence points through observation data obtained through simulation, and determining the lightning stroke occurrence points outside the judgment range of the lightning radiation source to be abnormal data points by judging whether the lightning stroke occurrence points are in the judgment range of the lightning radiation source. And removing the abnormal data points to obtain optimized observation data.
The setting basis of the radius value judgment is as follows: when the power transmission line in the mountain area is damaged by lightning stroke, the actual distance between the lightning stroke occurrence point and the actual lightning stroke occurrence point obtained by tracing should not influence maintenance personnel to maintain the power transmission line in time, and the maximum value of the actual distance is converted into the maximum value of the judgment radius through a scale.
S105: and optimizing the number and distribution mode of observation stations on the optimized observation data to obtain the optimal observation data, and calculating a positioning error value in each grid.
The number and the distribution mode of the observation stations are two important factors influencing lightning positioning accuracy, so that the observation stations with different numbers and different distribution modes are subjected to multiple simulation tests to obtain a plurality of lightning position test distribution maps. And comparing the positions of the lightning generating points and the lightning radiation sources on the lightning position test distribution map to obtain the optimal number and the optimal distribution of the observation stations and obtain the optimal lightning position test distribution map at the same time. And calculating the positioning error between the lightning stroke occurrence point and the lightning radiation source in each grid area, wherein the positioning error is applied to lightning positioning result compensation.
The positioning error is numerically equal to the distance between the lightning strike occurrence point and the lightning radiation source. The calculation method of the positioning error comprises the following steps: and subtracting the abscissa of the lightning radiation source and the abscissa of the lightning stroke occurrence point to obtain a difference value a. And performing subtraction operation on the ordinate of the lightning radiation source and the ordinate of the lightning stroke occurrence point to obtain another difference value b. In summary, the distance l between the lightning stroke occurrence point and the lightning radiation source is: l ═ a2+b2)1/2. l is the positioning error value in the grid where the simulation test is performed. And carrying out probability statistical processing on the distance l obtained by multiple times of simulation to obtain a positioning error value which is a positioning error compensation value in the grid.
S106: and when the actual lightning stroke occurs, identifying the grid area to which the lightning stroke occurs, and correcting the observed lightning positioning result according to the positioning error value in the grid area.
And the identification action is completed by execution, and the grid to which the lightning stroke belongs is judged according to the coordinates of the lightning stroke point. And then the execution module compensates the positioning result of the lightning stroke occurrence point according to the obtained positioning error compensation value in the grid to which the execution module belongs.
The gridding is one of the optimization steps for the mountain area model, so that the area model is coordinated, and convenience is provided for the related calculation of subsequent lightning stroke positioning, and the following detailed description of the gridding step is provided with reference to fig. 2:
s200: and selecting a square simulation area on the basis of the mountain area model.
The square simulation area needs to cover the mountain area model, and the shape selection of the square is beneficial to the equal-area division of the sub-simulation area. For example, a square area with a side length of 200km is selected as the simulation area.
S201: and arranging a plurality of observation stations in the simulation area, wherein the geometric center of the connecting line of the observation stations is the center of the simulation area.
The method comprises the steps of setting an observation station for restoring distribution of the mountain lightning positioning equipment, obtaining observation data of the observation station through simulation test, obtaining corresponding compensation values according to the observation data, and compensating actual test results of the mountain lightning positioning. The geometric center is used to establish a coordinate system that facilitates the description of each point within the simulation area.
S202: and dividing the square simulation area into a plurality of sub-simulation areas with the same area size to obtain a gridding simulation area.
The sub-simulation area is also a square area, so that the position of the lightning radiation source is convenient to determine, a judgment circle established by the lightning radiation source is uniformly covered in the square grid simulation area, and convenience is brought to observation result data calculation and statistics. For example, 1600 sub-simulation regions with a side length of 5km are divided in a region with a side length of 200km, and a lightning radiation source is arranged in each sub-simulation region.
S203: several lightning radiation sources with different heights are arranged at the geometric center of each sub-simulation area.
The intensity of the mountain lightning stroke is an uncontrollable value, the lightning radiation sources with different heights can be arranged to simulate the lightning strokes with different intensities, the reduction degree of the mountain lightning stroke is improved, and more accurate observation data can be obtained. In the embodiment, lightning radiation sources are respectively arranged at 0km, 1km, 5km and 10km away from the ground according to the actual lightning intensity data samples in the mountainous area.
After a proper mountain area model is established, multiple lightning stroke simulation is carried out to obtain a large amount of lightning stroke observation data, and key compensation values such as time compensation, error compensation and the like are calculated on the basis of the lightning stroke observation data. The method of calculating the time offset value is described in detail below with reference to fig. 3:
s300: and counting real path data of electromagnetic waves transmitted to the observation station by the lightning radiation source.
S301: and calculating the transmission time of the electromagnetic waves to the observation station under the condition of neglecting the terrain blocking factor.
S302: and carrying out enveloping processing on the real path data to obtain an enveloping curve of the real path data.
The enveloping processing is to approximate a curve formed by real path data, calculate the time of transmitting the electromagnetic wave to an observation station before using the enveloping processing, and consider a transmission path as a straight line with zero blocking, which is over-ideal. After the enveloping processing is used, the enveloping curve of the real path data is obtained by segmenting, tangent line solving and fitting the curve formed by the real path data, the propagation path of the electromagnetic waves transmitted to the observation station is restored, and the model restoring degree is improved.
S303: and calculating the optimized transmission time of the electromagnetic waves transmitted to the observation station by taking the envelope curve as the electromagnetic wave transmission path.
The real path data is used for calculating the transmission time of the electromagnetic waves transmitted to the observation station, the path data neglecting the terrain blocking factor is theoretical path data, and the obtained transmission time is an ideal value. And the transfer time calculated by using the real path data subjected to the enveloping processing is the optimized transfer time. Because the GPS sensitivity, the conductive medium coefficient and other factors also influence the time of transmitting the electromagnetic waves to the observation station, random test errors with the mean value of 0ns and the standard deviations of 100ns, 200ns and 300ns are added in the embodiment to simulate the time errors.
S304: and carrying out subtraction operation on the optimized transmission time and the transmission time to obtain a time delay value formed by terrain factors.
The optimal delivery time is calculated by adding a terrain blockage feature closer to the true value, and the delivery time is an ideal value without considering the terrain blockage. To improve the final positioning accuracy, a time compensation of the transit time is required. And on the basis of a large number of data samples, subtracting the optimized transmission time and the transmission time to obtain each time compensation value, and then carrying out statistical processing on each time compensation value to obtain a final time compensation value. And the final time compensation value is used for performing time compensation on the mountain lightning stroke positioning.
S305: and setting the time delay value as a time compensation value for transmitting the electromagnetic wave to the observation station when the electromagnetic wave is actually positioned.
Lightning stroke simulation can obtain a large amount of test data, so that some abnormal data can appear, the abnormal data can influence the result of probability statistics, and therefore the error compensation precision is reduced, and therefore the abnormal data needs to be removed. The following describes in detail the method for removing abnormal data from the observation data to obtain optimized observation data with reference to fig. 4:
s400: and drawing a simulated lightning stroke position distribution diagram by taking the lightning stroke data observed in the simulation process as a sample.
The lightning stroke position distribution map can more intuitively embody the distribution condition of the lightning stroke occurrence data points and the set lightning radiation source data which are obtained by tracing from the observation station in the simulation process.
S401: and comparing the simulated lightning stroke position distribution diagram with the position of the lightning radiation source data in the simulation area, and eliminating abnormal data points in the simulated lightning stroke position distribution diagram to obtain an optimized simulated lightning stroke position distribution diagram.
The elimination of the abnormal data simplifies the operation of the error statistics in the subsequent steps, improves the operation precision of the error statistics, eliminates the abnormal data points by setting a judgment circle, and details of the judgment method and the processing method of the abnormal data points are described below with reference to fig. 5.
S500: and setting an abnormal data judgment radius by taking the lightning radiation source as a circle center to obtain an abnormal data judgment circle.
The lightning stroke positioning allows certain errors to exist, so that the data are observed through the observation station, the position of a lightning stroke occurrence point obtained by tracing can have certain deviation with a lightning radiation source in each grid, and the deviation value is in a reasonable range. In this embodiment, a circular determination area is used, but not limited to, to determine whether the lightning strike occurrence point is an abnormal data point, and determination areas such as a polygonal determination area and an elliptical determination area may be set according to a data sample in practical application.
S501: and if the simulated lightning stroke point is within the coverage range of the judgment circle, the lightning stroke point is a normal data point, and the normal data point is reserved in the simulated lightning stroke position distribution diagram.
S502: and if the simulated lightning stroke point is out of the coverage range of the judgment circle, the simulated lightning stroke point is an abnormal data point, and the abnormal data point is deleted in the simulated lightning stroke position distribution diagram.
And by screening the lightning stroke occurrence points obtained by tracing, abnormal data points which have no practical significance and can bring errors to the statistical result are removed, normal data points are reserved, and a lightning stroke position test distribution diagram is further optimized.
And calculating the positioning error of the normal data point in each grid on the basis of time compensation and abnormal data elimination, and adding positioning error compensation to the lightning stroke positioning result. The method for calculating the positioning error compensation value is described in detail below with reference to fig. 6:
s600: and setting the number of the observation stations.
S601: the positions of several observation stations are distributed in various ways.
The distribution of the plurality of modes comprises a star-shaped station distribution mode, a rectangular station distribution mode, a diamond station distribution mode and the like. One observation station in the observation stations is a main station, and the rest are auxiliary stations. The position of the main station is located at the geometric center of the connecting line of the secondary stations, and the setting height of the main station is slightly higher than that of the secondary stations.
S602: and randomly matching the number of the observation stations with the distribution positions of the observation stations to form a plurality of observation station characteristic combinations.
The number and the distribution mode of the observation stations are two factors influencing lightning positioning accuracy, and the two factors are matched in multiple modes to obtain the optimal number and the optimal distribution mode of the observation stations and further obtain a final lightning stroke position test distribution map.
S603: and counting the lightning location data obtained by the characteristic combination observation of the plurality of observation stations to obtain a plurality of lightning stroke position test distribution maps.
The lightning stroke position test distribution map is used for carrying out tracing calculation on lightning stroke occurrence points in each grid according to observation data obtained by simulation, and representing the lightning stroke occurrence points on a gridding area in a coordinate point mode.
S604: and comparing the lightning position test distribution diagram with the lightning radiation source of the simulation area to obtain the optimal lightning position test distribution diagram.
Comparing the normal data points on the lightning stroke position test distribution maps with the lightning radiation source positions in each grid area, wherein the higher the proportion of the normal data points is, the higher the coincidence ratio of the lightning stroke occurrence points and the lightning radiation sources is, the better the number and the distribution mode of the observation stations are, and meanwhile, the optimal lightning stroke position test distribution map can be obtained. And carrying out position error statistics on lightning stroke occurrence points and lightning radiation sources in each grid area of the optimal lightning stroke position test distribution map, so as to obtain the positioning error in each grid.
S605: and carrying out error statistics on the normal data points on the optimal lightning stroke position test distribution diagram and the lightning radiation source to obtain the positioning error of the normal data points in each grid.
The application also provides a mountain area positioner that is struck by lightning, includes: the device comprises a data acquisition module, a simulation module, a data processing module and an execution module.
The simulation module is used for gridding the region model, arranging a plurality of observation stations and obtaining a simulation region of which any point can be described by coordinates. And the method is also used for carrying out multiple lightning stroke simulation to obtain lightning stroke observation data.
The data acquisition module is used for counting the topographic features of the mountainous area and establishing a mountainous area model. And the time compensation device is also used for carrying out time compensation on the lightning stroke observation data to obtain time compensation observation data added with terrain delay factors. And the method is also used for removing abnormal data points in the observation data by combining the distribution of the lightning radiation sources in the simulation area to obtain optimized observation data. And the system is also used for carrying out optimization processing on the number and distribution mode of the observation stations on the optimized observation data to obtain the optimal observation data and calculating the positioning error value in each grid.
And the execution module is used for confirming the grid area where the lightning strike occurs when the lightning strike actually occurs, and correcting the observed lightning locating result according to the locating error value in the grid area.
The application provides a mountain area lightning stroke positioning method and device. And establishing a gridding mountain area model according to the mountain area topographic features. And carrying out multiple lightning stroke simulation, and further optimizing the lightning stroke position test distribution diagram by comparing the lightning stroke position distribution obtained by simulation with the lightning radiation source distribution. And carrying out time compensation on the lightning stroke positioning calculation result by enveloping the real path data of the electromagnetic waves. And setting a judgment circle to remove the abnormal data points. And (3) simulating and analyzing the influence of the number and the distribution mode of the observation stations on the positioning precision to obtain the optimal number and the optimal distribution of the observation stations, calculating the positioning error in each grid, and providing error compensation for calculating the position of the lightning stroke occurrence point. The accuracy of mountain area thunderbolt location has been improved. The application also provides a mountain area lightning stroke positioning device, which is used for data acquisition, simulation process execution, simulation data processing and lightning positioning result correction.
The embodiments provided in the present application are only a few examples of the general concept of the present application, and do not limit the scope of the present application. Any other embodiments extended according to the scheme of the present application without inventive efforts will be within the scope of protection of the present application for a person skilled in the art.
Claims (7)
1. A mountain area lightning stroke positioning method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
counting the topographic features of the mountainous area and establishing a mountainous area model;
gridding the region model, and setting a plurality of observation stations to obtain a simulation region of which any point can be described by coordinates;
carrying out multiple lightning stroke simulation to obtain lightning stroke observation data;
time compensation is carried out on the lightning stroke observation data to obtain time compensation observation data added with terrain delay factors;
rejecting abnormal data points in the observation data by combining the distribution of data points of the lightning radiation source in the simulation area to obtain optimized observation data;
optimizing the number and distribution mode of observation stations on the optimized observation data to obtain the optimal observation data, and calculating a positioning error value in each grid;
and when the actual lightning stroke occurs, confirming the grid area to which the lightning stroke occurs, and correcting the observed lightning positioning result according to the positioning error value in the grid area.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of gridding comprises:
selecting a square simulation area on the basis of the mountain area model;
arranging a plurality of observation stations in the simulation area, wherein the geometric center of the connecting line of the observation stations is the center of the simulation area;
dividing the square simulation area into a plurality of sub-simulation areas with equal area size to obtain a gridding simulation area;
several lightning radiation sources with different heights are arranged at the geometric center of each sub-simulation area.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of time-compensating the observation data comprises:
counting real path data of electromagnetic waves transmitted to an observation station by the lightning radiation source;
calculating the transmission time of the electromagnetic waves to the observation station under the condition of neglecting the terrain blocking factor;
enveloping the real path data to obtain an enveloping curve of the real path data;
calculating the optimized transmission time of the electromagnetic waves transmitted to the observation station by taking the envelope curve as an electromagnetic wave transmission path;
subtracting the optimized transmission time and the transmission time to obtain a time delay value formed by terrain factors;
and setting the time delay value as a time compensation value for transmitting the electromagnetic wave to the observation station when the electromagnetic wave is actually positioned.
4. The method for locating lightning strikes in mountainous areas according to claim 1, wherein the step of removing abnormal data in the observation data in combination with the distribution of lightning radiation source data points in the simulation area to obtain optimized observation data comprises:
drawing a simulated lightning stroke position distribution diagram by taking lightning stroke data observed in a simulation process as a sample;
and comparing the simulated lightning stroke position distribution diagram with the position of the lightning radiation source data in the simulation area, and eliminating abnormal data points in the simulated lightning stroke position distribution diagram to obtain an optimized simulated lightning stroke position distribution diagram.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the step of determining abnormal data points comprises:
setting an abnormal data judgment radius by taking the lightning radiation source as a circle center to obtain an abnormal data judgment circle;
if the simulated lightning stroke point is within the coverage range of the judgment circle, the lightning stroke point is a normal data point, and the normal data point is reserved in the simulated lightning stroke position distribution diagram;
and if the simulated lightning stroke point is out of the coverage range of the judgment circle, the simulated lightning stroke point is an abnormal data point, and the abnormal data point is deleted in the simulated lightning stroke position distribution diagram.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of deriving the positioning error value in each grid comprises:
setting the number of the observation stations;
the positions of a plurality of observation stations are distributed in a plurality of modes;
randomly matching the number of the observation stations with the distribution positions of the observation stations to form a plurality of observation station characteristic combinations;
counting lightning location data obtained by combined observation of the characteristics of the observation stations to obtain a plurality of lightning location test distribution maps;
comparing the lightning position test distribution map with a lightning radiation source of the simulation area to obtain an optimal lightning position test distribution map;
and carrying out error statistics on the normal data points on the optimal lightning stroke position test distribution diagram and the lightning radiation source to obtain the positioning error of the normal data points in each grid.
7. The utility model provides a mountain area thunderbolt positioner which characterized in that includes: the device comprises a data acquisition module, a simulation module, a data processing module and an execution module;
the data acquisition module is used for counting the topographic features of the mountainous area and establishing a mountainous area model;
the simulation module is used for gridding the region model, arranging a plurality of observation stations and obtaining a simulation region of which any point can be described by coordinates;
the simulation module is also used for carrying out multiple lightning stroke simulation to obtain lightning stroke observation data;
the data processing module is used for carrying out time compensation on the lightning stroke observation data to obtain time compensation observation data added with terrain delay factors;
the data processing module is further used for removing abnormal data points in the observation data by combining the distribution of the lightning radiation sources in the simulation area to obtain optimized observation data;
the data processing module is also used for carrying out optimization processing on the number and distribution mode of the observation stations on the optimized observation data to obtain the optimal observation data and calculating a positioning error value in each grid;
and the execution module is used for confirming the grid area where the lightning strike occurs when the lightning strike actually occurs, and correcting the observed lightning locating result according to the locating error value in the grid area.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116430127A (en) * | 2023-06-14 | 2023-07-14 | 云南电力试验研究院(集团)有限公司 | Method for reducing lightning positioning ground flash error |
| CN116449117A (en) * | 2023-06-16 | 2023-07-18 | 云南电力试验研究院(集团)有限公司 | Three-dimensional lightning positioning method suitable for complex terrain |
| WO2024094225A1 (en) * | 2022-11-04 | 2024-05-10 | 国网电力科学研究院武汉南瑞有限责任公司 | Lightning locating optimization method that corrects effect of topological and geological parameters on lightning electromagnetic wave propagation, system, and medium |
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2021
- 2021-10-12 CN CN202111185766.8A patent/CN113901689A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2024094225A1 (en) * | 2022-11-04 | 2024-05-10 | 国网电力科学研究院武汉南瑞有限责任公司 | Lightning locating optimization method that corrects effect of topological and geological parameters on lightning electromagnetic wave propagation, system, and medium |
| CN116430127A (en) * | 2023-06-14 | 2023-07-14 | 云南电力试验研究院(集团)有限公司 | Method for reducing lightning positioning ground flash error |
| CN116430127B (en) * | 2023-06-14 | 2023-10-20 | 云南电力试验研究院(集团)有限公司 | Method for reducing lightning positioning ground flash error |
| CN116449117A (en) * | 2023-06-16 | 2023-07-18 | 云南电力试验研究院(集团)有限公司 | Three-dimensional lightning positioning method suitable for complex terrain |
| CN116449117B (en) * | 2023-06-16 | 2023-08-15 | 云南电力试验研究院(集团)有限公司 | Three-dimensional lightning positioning method suitable for complex terrain |
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