CN107117163A - 设有电子控制变速器的混合动力车辆 - Google Patents

设有电子控制变速器的混合动力车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107117163A
CN107117163A CN201710100347.7A CN201710100347A CN107117163A CN 107117163 A CN107117163 A CN 107117163A CN 201710100347 A CN201710100347 A CN 201710100347A CN 107117163 A CN107117163 A CN 107117163A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
control device
control unit
vehicle
derailleur
motor
Prior art date
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Pending
Application number
CN201710100347.7A
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English (en)
Inventor
G·加维亚尼
C·苏拉
G·梅迪科
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Marelli Europe SpA
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Magneti Marelli SpA
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Application filed by Magneti Marelli SpA filed Critical Magneti Marelli SpA
Publication of CN107117163A publication Critical patent/CN107117163A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/30—Control strategies involving selection of transmission gear ratio
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K20/00—Arrangement or mounting of change-speed gearing control devices in vehicles
    • B60K20/02—Arrangement or mounting of change-speed gearing control devices in vehicles of initiating means
    • B60K20/06—Arrangement or mounting of change-speed gearing control devices in vehicles of initiating means mounted on steering column or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/02—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K20/00—Arrangement or mounting of change-speed gearing control devices in vehicles
    • B60K20/02—Arrangement or mounting of change-speed gearing control devices in vehicles of initiating means
    • B60K20/04—Arrangement or mounting of change-speed gearing control devices in vehicles of initiating means floor mounted
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K35/00—Instruments specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement of instruments in or on vehicles
    • B60K35/60—Instruments characterised by their location or relative disposition in or on vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/02—Selector apparatus
    • F16H59/0217—Selector apparatus with electric switches or sensors not for gear or range selection, e.g. for controlling auxiliary devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/0003—Arrangement or mounting of elements of the control apparatus, e.g. valve assemblies or snapfittings of valves; Arrangements of the control unit on or in the transmission gearbox
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K26/04—Arrangements or mounting of propulsion unit control devices in vehicles of means connecting initiating means or elements to propulsion unit
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

一种混合动力车辆(1)包括：一对驱动轮(2)；内燃热力发动机(5)；电子控制变速器(11)；热力发动机(5)的控制单元(17)；变速器(11)的控制单元(18)；具有驾驶员座椅的乘员舱室，该座椅设有能够由驾驶员操作的多个控制件，其中控制件包括方向盘(20)、加速器踏板(21)、制动踏板(22)和变速器控制装置(23)；及变速器控制装置的电子控制单元(19)，其在乘员舱室中物理地安装在变速器控制装置(23)附近，实现获取变速器控制装置(23)当前位置的功能且还通过接收由驾驶员给出的命令并且通过向热力发动机(5)的控制单元(17)和变速器(11)的控制单元(18)提供相应的目标以满足驾驶员的需要来实现车辆管理单元的功能。

Description

设有电子控制变速器的混合动力车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及一种设有电子控制变速器的混合动力车辆。
背景技术
设有电子控制变速器的现代车辆包括热力发动机的控制单元，该热力发动机的控制单元物理地安装在发动机舱中以布置成靠近热力发动机、监控热力发动机的操作并控制热力发动机以实现扭矩目标和/或rpm(每分钟转速)目标。此外，设有电子控制变速器的现代车辆包括变速器控制单元，该变速器控制单元物理地安装在变速器附近、监控变速器的操作，并且控制变速器致动器以在需要时执行向上或向下换挡。最后，设有电子控制变速器的现代车辆包括车辆控制单元(也称为VMU(Vehicle Management Unit)-“车辆管理单元”)，其接收由驾驶员给出的命令并提供热力发动机的控制单元，变速器的控制单元和(如果至少一个电机连接到/可连接到车轮)电子功率转换器，其以相应的目标驱动电机，以便以最有效(即，即时的)和能量高效的方式满足驾驶员的需要。
在当前市售的车辆中，车辆管理单元集成到专用的电子控制单元中，该专用的电子控制单元物理地布置在发动机舱中，与发动机控制单元和变速器控制单元分离且独立，并通过车辆CAN网络与发动机控制单元和变速器控制单元通信。
车辆管理单元接收由驾驶员操作的控制件(加速器踏板、制动踏板和变速器控制装置)的位置以获取驾驶员的需要，然后将该位置转换为车辆的纵向速度目标(具有方向，即向前或向后)，并且可能地转换为车辆的纵向加速度目标。然后，车辆管理单元确定如何通过协调热力发动机、变速器和电机(如果存在的话)的动作来实现纵向速度目标和纵向加速度目标，即其为热力发动机建立扭矩目标和rpm目标(这些目标也可以具有零值，对应于热力发动机停机)，为变速器建立传动比目标(其也可以具有空挡位置)，并且为电机建立扭矩目标(其可以作为发动机操作而为正值，或者作为发电机操而为负值)和rpm目标(该目标也可以具有零值，对应于电机停机)。
专利申请WO2004024490A1描述了一种混合动力车辆，其包括：
一对驱动轮9；
内燃热力发动机1；
将来自热力发动机1的扭矩传递到驱动轮9的自动电子控制变速器7；
可连接到驱动轮9的电机3；
驱动电机3的电子功率转换器5(ISGS)；
热力发动机1的中央控制单元2(EMS/ETC)，其监控热力发动机1的操作并控制热力发动机1以实现扭矩目标和/或rpm目标；
变速器7的中央控制单元8(EGS)，其监控变速器7的操作并控制变速器7以在需要时执行换挡；
具有驾驶员座椅的乘员舱室，所述驾驶员座椅设有可由驾驶员操作的多个控制件，其中控制件包括方向盘、加速器踏板15、制动踏板16和变速器控制装置；
与变速器7的中央控制单元8(EGS)分离且独立的变速器控制装置(未示出并且隐含地描述)的电子控制单元，其在乘员舱室中物理地安装在变速器控制装置附近，并且通过直接接收从而处理来自耦联到变速器控制装置的至少一个位置传感器的原始信号来实现获取变速器控制装置的当前位置的功能；以及
与变速器控制装置的电子控制单元分离且独立的车辆管理单元12(IPM)，其接收驾驶员给出的命令并且向热力发动机1的控制单元2(EMS/ETC)、变速器7的控制单元8(EGS)和电子功率转换器5(ISGS)提供相应目标，以满足驾驶员的需要。进一步指出的是(第6页，第21-24行)，车辆管理单元12(IPM)可集成到热力发动机1的控制单元2(EMS/ETC)中、集成到电子功率转换器5(ISGS)中或集成到变速器7的控制单元8(EGS)中。
美国专利申请US2006190155A1描述了一种用于控制车辆的发动机或变速器的装置；该专利申请(在段落[0036]中)描述了变速器的控制装置4被布置成远离变速器2并且在选择杆14处(选择杆14附近)，例如，在围绕选择杆14的电子器件和机械部件的封装壳体中。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于优化车辆管理单元的制造，既简化车辆管理单元与其必须连接的所有部件的连接，又使车辆管理单元的生产成本最小化；以这种方式，能够制造设有电子控制变速器的混合动力车辆，其易于制造并且制造成本低。
根据本发明，提供一种混合动力车辆，其包括：
至少一对驱动轮；
内燃热力发动机；
电子控制变速器，其将来自热力发动机的扭矩传递到驱动轮；
至少一个电机，其能够连接到所述驱动轮；
电子功率转换器，其控制所述电机；
热力发动机的电子控制单元，其监控热力发动机的操作并控制热力发动机以实现扭矩目标和/或rpm目标；
变速器的电子控制单元，其监控变速器的操作并控制变速器以在需要时执行换挡；
具有驾驶员座椅的乘员舱室，所述驾驶员座椅设有能够由驾驶员操作的多个控制件，其中控制件包括方向盘、加速器踏板、制动踏板和变速器控制装置；
变速器控制装置的电子控制单元，其在乘员舱室中物理地安装在变速器控制装置附近，并且通过直接接收从而处理来自耦联到所述变速器控制装置的至少一个位置传感器的原始信号来实现获取变速器控制装置的当前位置的功能；以及
车辆管理单元，其接收由驾驶员给出的命令并且向热力发动机的控制单元、变速器的控制单元和电子功率转换器提供相应的目标以满足驾驶员的需要；
所述车辆的特征在于，所述车辆控制单元集成到所述变速器控制装置的电子控制单元中，使得所述变速器控制装置的电子控制单元还通过接收由驾驶员给出的命令并且通过向热力发动机的电子控制单元、变速器的电子控制单元和电子功率转换器提供相应的目标以满足驾驶员的需要而实现车辆管理单元的功能。
附图说明
现在将参照示出非限制性实施例的附图描述本发明，其中：
图1是根据本发明制造的设有电子控制变速器的混合动力车辆的示意图；
图2是图1所示车辆的变速杆的示意图；
图3是图1所示车辆的变速器控制装置的电子控制单元的示意图；及
图4是示出图1所示车辆的各种电子控制单元之间的逻辑连接的示意图。
具体实施方式
在图1中，附图标记1整体指示具有两个前轮2和两个后驱动轮3的混合动力车辆，其接收来自混合动力***4的驱动扭矩。
混合动力***4包括布置在前部位置并且设置有曲轴6的内燃热力发动机5、将由内燃发动机5产生的扭矩传递到后驱动轮3的变速器7，以及两个电机8和9，其中所述两个电机机械地连接到变速器7并且是可逆的(即，它们可通过吸收电能和产生机械扭矩而作为电动机工作，以及通过吸收机械能和产生电能而作为发电机工作)。
变速器7包括传动轴10，该传动轴10在一侧与曲轴6成角度地集成，并且在另一侧机械地连接到电子控制变速器11，该电子控制变速器11布置在后部位置并且借助于从差速器13接收运动的两个传动轴12将运动传递到后驱动轮3；变速器11可以是自动的或自动化的(并具有单离合器或双离合器)，然后通过电控制的致动器执行换挡。
电机8机械地连接到内燃热力发动机5的曲轴6，而电机9机械地连接到变速器11(例如变速器的主轴)。电机8由电子连续交流功率转换器14(即“逆变器”)驱动，并且电机9由电子连续交流功率转换器15(即“逆变器”)驱动。电子功率转换器14和15都电连接到设有化学电池的电能储存***16。
设置成使得热力发动机5的控制单元17物理地安装在前发动机舱中以便布置于热力发动机5的附近，监控热力发动机5的操作并控制热力发动机5以实现扭矩目标和/或rpm目标。此外，设置成使得变速器11的控制单元18物理地安装在后部位置以布置于变速器11附近，监控变速器11的操作，并且当需要时控制变速器11的致动器以执行向上或向下的换挡。
车辆1具有可容纳驾驶员和任何可能乘员的乘员舱室，并且具有设有多个控制件的驾驶员座椅，所述控制件包括方向盘20、加速器踏板21、制动踏板22和变速杆23(在图2和图3中更好地示出)；通过操作这些控制件，驾驶员控制车辆1的运动。具体地，驾驶员使用方向盘20来(通过改变前轮的转向角度)调节车辆1的横向运动，而加速器踏板21、制动踏板22和变速杆23由驾驶员用于调节车辆1的纵向运动，即以便建立行进方向(向前或向后)并且建立纵向速度，并且可能地建立纵向加速度(其可以是正值或负值)。
通过相应的位置传感器来(直接或间接地)读取加速器踏板21的位置、制动踏板22的位置和变速杆23的位置。具体地，提供变速器控制装置的电子控制单元19，其耦联到变速杆23并获取变速杆23的位置。如图3中更清楚地所示，变速器控制装置的电子控制单元19包括硬件装置24和软件25，所述硬件装置24设有存储器和至少一个微处理器(通常提供至少两个独立的微处理器：主微处理器和检查主微处理器的正确操作的诊断微处理器)，软件25通过硬件装置24运行并获取变速杆23的位置，即确定变速杆23的当前位置；此外，软件25还确定与变速杆23相关联的任何选择器或按钮的当前位置，并且控制与变速杆23相关联的任何光指示器。具体地，软件25直接接收来自耦联到变速杆23的一个或多个位置传感器的原始信号，其并执行必要的处理以从这些原始信号安全地(即，甚至是执行用于检测任何可能错误的诊断)并精确地提取变速杆23的当前位置；随后，软件25在CAN网络上提供(即在CAN网络上“发布”)变速杆23的当前位置。
换言之，软件25读取来自耦联到变速杆23的一个或多个位置传感器的原始信号，处理这些原始信号以安全和准确地提取变速杆23的当前位置，并且最终在CAN网络上“发布”变速杆23的当前位置。在这方面，请注意，软件25对来自耦联到变速杆23的位置传感器的原始信号执行一致性检查，以进行必要的安全和诊断检查。简而言之，软件25从耦联到变速杆23的位置传感器读取低电平信号(即，原始信号)，并对其进行处理以获得在CAN网络上“发布”的相应高电平信号(例如，变速杆23处于“空挡”、“行驶”、“倒车”位置)。如前所述，软件25甚至可以检测和处理与变速杆23相关联的选择器或按钮的当前位置；此外，软件25可致动与变速杆23相关联的光指示器和/或可控制致动器，所述致动器自主地移动变速杆23或阻止变速杆23移动(例如，如果制动踏板22未被踩下则防止变速杆23移动)。
变速器控制装置的电子控制单元19还(与软件25并行地)运行另一软件26，该软件26实现控制和协调热力发动机5、变速器11和电机8、9的功能。换言之，在变速器控制装置的电子控制单元19中运行的软件26接收由驾驶员给出的命令并且向热力发动机5的控制单元17、变速器11的控制单元18以及电机8和9的电子连续交流功率转换器14和15提供相应的目标，以便以最有效(即，即时的)和能量高效的方式满足驾驶员的需要。因此，在变速器控制装置的电子控制单元19中运行的软件26构成车辆管理单元(也称为VMU-“车辆管理单元”)。车辆管理单元(即，与软件25并行地在变速器控制装置的电子控制单元19中运行的软件26)基于加速器踏板21的位置、制动踏板22的位置和变速杆23的位置来确定驾驶员的运动需求，即将这些位置转换成纵向速度目标(具有方向，即向前或向后)，并且可能地转换为车辆1的纵向加速度目标。
随后，车辆管理单元(即，与软件25并行地在变速器控制装置的电子控制单元19中运行的软件26)建立如何通过协调热力发动机5、变速器11以及电机8和9来实现纵向速度目标和纵向加速度目标，即建立适于热力发动机5的扭矩目标和rpm目标(目标也可以具有零值，对应于热力发动机5停机)，建立适于变速器11的传动比目标(其也可以具有空挡位置)，并且建立适于每个电机8和9的扭矩目标(其可作为发动机操作而为正值或作为发电机操作而为负值)和rpm目标(该目标也可以具有零值，对应于对于电机8和9停机)。
如前所述，热力发动机5的控制单元17物理地安装在前发动机舱中，以布置于热力发动机5附近，而变速器11的控制单元18物理地安装在后部位置以布置于变速器11附近；因此，两个控制单元17和18彼此物理分离，彼此相对远离并且通过车辆1的CAN网络(已知且未示出)通信(“Controller Area Network(控制器局域网)”，也称为CAN-bus(CAN总线)，其是用于现场总线的串行标准，主要在汽车、多播环境中，在八十年代引入以连接各种电子控制单元)。如图2中更清楚地所示，变速器控制装置的电子控制单元19(也运行构成车辆管理单元的软件26)在乘员舱室中物理地安装在车辆1的变速杆23附近，并且通过车辆1的CAN网络与两个控制单元17和18以及两个电子连续交流功率转换器14和15通信。
简而言之，硬件装置24(即，变速器控制装置的电子控制单元19)通过软件26实现车辆管理的功能以及通过软件25实现获得变速杆23的当前位置的功能。两个软件产品25和26由同一硬件装置24并行(或同时)运行。换言之，车辆管理的功能(软件26)和获取变速杆23当前位置的功能(软件25)被集成到同一硬件装置24中，即集成到变速器控制装置的同一电子控制单元19中。
根据图2中所示的优选实施例，硬件装置24在支撑变速杆23的中央通道27中物理地安装在变速杆23附近。以这种方式，硬件装置24可以直接连线到检测变速杆23位置的传感器和检测踏板21和22位置的传感器；备选地，检测变速杆23位置的传感器也可以直接集成到硬件装置24中，或者可与硬件装置24一起形成单个组件。
在上述实施例中，驾驶员通过杆形控制部件(即，变速杆23)控制变速器的操作；根据不同的和完全等同的实施例，驾驶员通过不同形状的控制部件(诸如成形为旋钮或按钮的控制部件)来控制变速器的操作。换言之，变速器控制装置可成形为杆或旋钮或按钮。此外，与杆或旋钮相结合，变速器控制装置还可包括安装到方向盘20上用于请求换挡的一对叶片。
还如图4中所示，变速器控制装置的电子控制单元19(即，物理地安装在变速杆23附近的单个硬件装置24)通过软件26实现车辆管理单元的功能，同时通过软件25实现获取变速杆23当前位置的功能；换言之，车辆管理单元和用于获取变速杆当前位置的单元集成到实现这两种功能的单个硬件装置24中(集成到变速器控制装置的单个电子控制单元19中)。车辆管理单元向两个控制单元17和18以及两个电子连续交流功率转换器14和15通知要实现的相应目标。此外，车辆管理单元向变速器11的控制单元18传达变速杆23的当前位置。
上述车辆1具有多种优点。
首先，车辆管理单元在乘员舱室中的布置(因此将其集成到变速器控制装置的电子控制单元19中)优化了车辆管理单元相对于所有待连接的部件的定位。事实上，车辆管理单元必须从耦联到由驾驶员控制的控制件的位置传感器接收信号，并且同时必须通过CAN网络与两个控制单元17和18以及两个电子连续交流功率转换器14和15相互作用。
此外，车辆管理单元在乘员舱室中的布置(因此将其集成到变速器控制装置的电子控制单元19中)减少了车辆管理单元经受的热应力；事实上，法规要求发动机舱中的最高温度为105℃，而法规要求乘员舱室中的最高温度为85℃。因此，尽管获得相同的性能，但是车辆管理单元部件的成本可以降低。
最后，车辆管理单元的变速器控制装置的电子控制单元19的集成允许避免安装专门用于车辆管理单元的另外的电子控制单元，以得到显著的节省；事实上，在当前市售车辆中，专门用于获取变速杆23位置的电子控制单元具有包括两个微处理器的相对复杂的硬件，并且还可实现车辆控制单元的功能，而不需要任何显著的硬件升级。

Claims (7)

1.一种混合动力车辆(1)，包括：
至少一对驱动轮(2)；
内燃热力发动机(5)；
电子控制变速器(11)，其将来自热力发动机(50)的扭矩传递到驱动轮(2)；
至少一个电机(8，9)，其能够连接到所述驱动轮(2)；
电子功率转换器(14，15)，其控制所述电机(8，9)；
热力发动机(5)的电子控制单元(17)，其监控热力发动机(5)的操作并控制热力发动机(5)以实现扭矩目标和/或rpm目标；
变速器(11)的电子控制单元(18)，其监控变速器(11)的操作并控制变速器(11)以在需要时执行换挡；
具有驾驶员座椅的乘员舱室，所述驾驶员座椅设有能够由驾驶员操作的多个控制件，其中控制件包括方向盘(20)、加速器踏板(21)、制动踏板(22)和变速器控制装置(23)；
变速器控制装置的电子控制单元(19)，其物理地安装在乘员舱室中变速器控制装置(23)附近，并且通过直接接收从而处理来自耦联到所述变速器控制装置(23)的至少一个位置传感器的原始信号来实现获取变速器控制装置(23)的当前位置的功能；以及
车辆管理单元，其接收由驾驶员给出的命令并且向热力发动机(5)的控制单元(17)、变速器(11)的控制单元(18)和电子功率转换器(14，15)提供相应的目标以满足驾驶员的需要；
所述车辆(1)的特征在于，所述车辆控制单元集成到所述变速器控制装置的电子控制单元(19)中，使得所述变速器控制装置的电子控制单元(19)还通过接收由驾驶员给出的命令并且通过向热力发动机(5)的电子控制单元(17)、变速器(11)的电子控制单元(18)和电子功率转换器(14，15)提供相应的目标以满足驾驶员的需要而实现车辆管理单元的功能。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆(1)，其特征在于，所述变速器控制装置的电子控制单元(19)包括：
设有存储器和至少一个微处理器的硬件装置(24)；
第一软件(25)，其由硬件装置(24)运行并且通过处理由耦联到变速器控制装置(23)的位置传感器提供的原始信号来实现获取变速器控制装置(23)位置的功能，以便安全和精确地获得变速器控制装置(23)的位置；以及
第二软件(26)，其与所述第一软件(25)并行地由所述硬件装置(24)运行并且实现车辆管理单元的功能，即，其指挥和协调所述热力发动机(5)、所述变速器(11)和所述电机(8，9)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的车辆(1)，其特征在于，集成到变速器控制装置的电子控制单元(19)中的车辆管理单元基于加速器踏板(21)的位置、制动踏板(22)的位置和变速器控制装置(23)的位置确定驾驶员的动作需求，即其将这些位置转换为车辆(1)的纵向速度目标和纵向加速度目标。
4.根据权利要求3所述的车辆(1)，其特征在于，集成到变速器控制装置的电子控制单元(19)中的车辆管理单元建立如何通过协调热力发动机(5)、变速器(11)和电机(8，9)来实现纵向速度目标和纵向加速度目标。
5.根据权利要求3所述的车辆(1)，其特征在于，集成到变速器控制装置的电子控制单元(19)中的车辆管理单元建立适于热力发动机(5)的扭矩目标和rpm目标，建立适于变速器(11)的传动比目标，以及建立适于电机(8，9)的扭矩目标和rpm目标。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的车辆(1)，其特征在于，所述变速器控制装置的电子控制单元(19)物理地安装在支撑变速器控制装置(23)的中央通道(27)中。
7.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的车辆(1)，其特征在于：
热力发动机(5)的电子控制单元(17)物理地安装在发动机舱中以布置于热力发动机(5)附近，并且通过CAN网络与集成到变速器控制装置的电子控制单元(19)中的车辆管理单元通信；以及
变速器(11)的电子控制单元(18)物理地安装在变速器(11)附近，并且通过CAN网络与集成到变速器控制装置的电子控制单元(19)中的车辆管理单元通信。
CN201710100347.7A 2016-02-24 2017-02-23 设有电子控制变速器的混合动力车辆 Pending CN107117163A (zh)

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