CN107107775A - 具有监控装置的用于感应式能量传递的装置 - Google Patents

具有监控装置的用于感应式能量传递的装置 Download PDF

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CN107107775A
CN107107775A CN201580062466.7A CN201580062466A CN107107775A CN 107107775 A CN107107775 A CN 107107775A CN 201580062466 A CN201580062466 A CN 201580062466A CN 107107775 A CN107107775 A CN 107107775A
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vehicle
collector
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sensor
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CN107107775B (zh
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B.马德
A.亨克尔
P.舒曼
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/35—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles
    • B60L53/36—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles by positioning the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
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    • B08B1/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use of tools
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/126—Methods for pairing a vehicle and a charging station, e.g. establishing a one-to-one relation between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/35—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles
    • B60L53/37—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles using optical position determination, e.g. using cameras
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/35—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles
    • B60L53/38—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles specially adapted for charging by inductive energy transfer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/60—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power responsive to the presence of foreign objects, e.g. detection of living beings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/90—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2270/00—Problem solutions or means not otherwise provided for
    • B60L2270/10—Emission reduction
    • B60L2270/14—Emission reduction of noise
    • B60L2270/147—Emission reduction of noise electro magnetic [EMI]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/50—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using additional energy repeaters between transmitting devices and receiving devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Current-Collector Devices For Electrically Propelled Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于感应式能量传递的装置，该感应式能量传递针对车辆从车辆的至少一个发送线圈至进行至与所述至少一个发送线圈间隔开的至少一个接收线圈，其中，在所述至少一个发送线圈和所述至少一个接收线圈之间布置场聚集器。

Description

具有监控装置的用于感应式能量传递的装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于感应式能量传递的装置，所述感应式能量传递从至少一个发送线圈进行至至少一个与发送线圈间隔开的接收线圈，该装置具有用于在至少一个发送线圈和至少一个接收线圈之间存在偏差的情况下改善耦合的装置。
背景技术
电动车辆和混动车辆通常具有电能量存储器、例如牵引电池，该牵引电池提供用于驱动的电能。如果该电能量存储器完全或者部分地放电，那么该电动车辆必须操控充电站，在该充电站处，该能量存储器可以再次被充电。至今对此通常的是，在这样的充电站处，电动车辆借助线缆连接来联接到充电站上。该连接必须由使用者通常手动建立。在此也必须的是，充电站和电动车辆具有彼此相对应的连接***。
此外，个别地也已知用于电动车辆或者混动车辆的无线充电***。为此，在线圈或者充电垫或者充电装置上停止电动车辆。该线圈发射出磁性的交变场。该磁性的交变场由车辆内部的接收线圈接收并且转换成电能。借助该电能于是可以给车辆的牵引电池充电。文献DE 10 2011 010 049 A1 公开一种用于给车辆电池充电的这样的***，在该***中，感应式传递能量。
此外，电动车辆的能量存储器也可以用于反馈。为此同样可以采用线缆连接或者也可以采用感应式的能量传递或者功率传递。在给电动车辆电池的无线充电中一直存在发送线圈的固定的几何形状。线圈在此针对应用被整合到停车场中或者行车道中的一些***内且被优化。线圈之间的空间通常是空气。该配置的缺点是，两个线圈之间的磁性耦合系数显得相当小，由此需要解决在该传递的功率电子装置中的高的无功功率。
因此存在对如下对装置的要求，通过该装置改善了感应式充电***的线圈之间的耦合系数。
发明内容
具有权利要求1特征部分的根据本发明的装置具有以下优点，即，改善了感应式充电***的线圈之间的耦合系数。
根据本发明，对此设置用于针对车辆的感应式能量传递的装置，其中，从至少一个发送线圈至车辆的与至少一个发送线圈间隔开的至少一个接收线圈进行所述感应式能量传递，其中，在至少一个发送线圈和至少一个接收线圈之间布置场聚集器。有利的是，场聚集器致使改善两个线圈之间的耦合系数并且该耦合系数尽可能地与发送线圈和接收线圈的相对定位无关地处在大的公差范围内。在此，需容忍的偏差不仅可以是横向的而且还可以是高度上的。通过场聚集器，不仅停车时的较大的公差，而且不同车辆类型的不同的离地距离或者充电状态可以被有利地补偿。
通过在从属权利要求中提到的措施可以实现在独立权利要求中给出的方法的有利改进方案。
有利的是，场聚集器实施成能移动的。通过能移动的实施方案，磁性的场可以更好地集中到车辆线圈上。在此，场聚集器是类似于能移动的机器人的能移动的支架，借助该机器人可以尽可能好地补偿车辆线圈和地面线圈之间的偏差。通过机动性和偏差的与此相关的补偿，明显地改善了线圈之间的耦合系数。
此外有利的是，场聚集器通过至少一个传感器来检测车辆的位置。传感器有助于场聚集器在车辆下面找到优化的位置进而尽可能小地保持了耦合系数的方差。
在另一有利的实施方式中，至少一个传感器是光学传感器、感应式传感器、雷达传感器、超声波传感器或者以电容方式工作的传感器。所有的传感器允许了车辆的准确检测。替选地，内部传感器使用了传递磁场用以自取向。
有利的是，场聚集器定位在至少一个发送线圈和至少一个接收线圈之间，使得线圈之间的耦合系数的方差尽可能小。作为改善的耦合系数的结果也减小了传递体积之外的杂散场强度。
在另一有利的实施方式中，场聚集器配设有升降单元。该升降单元可以实现对至少一个发送线圈和至少一个接收线圈之间的不同线圈间隔的匹配。
此外有利的是，场聚集器非对称地实施。使用该非对称，用以通过合适的旋转和横向运动来补偿车辆相对于地面线圈/发送线圈的停车偏差。由此，尽管有偏差也可以给稍微偏差地停车的车辆有效地充电。
本发明的另一有利的实施方式是如下这样的场聚集器，该场聚集器具有用于密封的装置和/或用于清洁的装置，其中，优选使用柔性的唇部、刷子或者空气刀。在给车辆无线充电时，气隙处在充电站的发送线圈和车辆中的接收线圈之间。由于机动车需要的离地距离，该气隙有几厘米。在此，10-25cm大小的气隙是非常流行的。由于伴随相对高的磁通密度出现的强磁场，必须保证的是，不会由于使用该***危害生物并且异物如金属性物件不被或者不太强地被加热。异物或者生物因此必须从气隙中去除或者被阻止出现在两个线圈的气隙中。为了该目的，通过柔性的唇部产生密封或者通过刷子或者空气刀清洁所述气隙。
有利的是，场聚集器具有至少一个充电线圈，通过该充电线圈可以给至少一个自身的电池充电。由此，该场聚集器具有自身的接收线圈，用以由交变场获得用于对它的自身电池充电的能量并由此能够与外部线缆连接无关地供给电流。
可以理解的是，在不离开本发明范畴的情况下，前面提到的和接下来仍待说明的特征不仅仅在分别给出的组合中，而且在其它的组合中或者以单独的方式可以被应用。本发明的实施方式的其它的特征和优点由接下来的说明参考附图得出。
附图说明
其中：
图1示出了车辆的和用于感应式能量传递的包括场聚集器的装置的示意图；
图2示出了车辆的和用于感应式能量传递的装置的包括非对称场聚集器的另一示意图；
图3示出了场聚集器的示意图。
具体实施方式
在附图中所示的图样为了概览起见不必按比例绘出。相同的附图标记一般性表示相同类型或者相同作用的组件。
图1示出了车辆17，在用于感应式能量传递的装置10（感应式充电站）上停止该车辆。车辆17在此这样地停止，使得车辆17的接收线圈12最大程度地布置在发送线圈11上。在此，由于车辆17所需的离地距离，在地面15和车辆17的车辆底部16之间存在具有气隙的中间空间14，其中，在地面中布置发送线圈11或者在地面上放置发送线圈11例如作为充电垫，接收线圈12处在车辆的车辆底部中。在此，具有气隙的中间空间14可以是几厘米。在当今常见的车辆类型中，10和25cm之间的气隙是可预期的。但是，对于地面15和车辆底面之间的中间空间来说另外的大小也同样是可能的。在此，该中间空间14通常是能够自由接近的。如果车辆17不准确地停止在发送线圈11上并由此在发送线圈11和接收线圈12之间存在偏差，那么产生了较差的磁性的耦合系数。该耦合系数在两个线圈11和12之间相对小。由此在该传递的功率电子装置中造成高的待解决的无功功率份额。为了该目的使用场聚集器13，用以可以将发送线圈11和接收线圈12之间的磁场更好地集中到接收线圈12上。该场聚集器13被实施为能移动的支架或者能移动的机器人（可对比已知的吸尘器机器人）并且表现为在发送线圈11和车辆线圈12之间的适配器，用以消除气隙或者中间空间14并且均衡有偏差时的车辆17的位置。该场聚集器13由良好导磁材料制成，使得发送线圈11和接收线圈12之间的磁场集束到接收线圈12上。为了补偿停车偏差，磁场被横向地引导，使得即使在有偏差的情况下实现了高耦合。该场聚集器13可选择地被实施得大于底板或者充电垫19或者发送线圈11。此外，场聚集器设有升降单元20，该升降单元可以实现对不同线圈间隔的匹配。此外，场聚集器13配设有一个传感器22或者多个传感器22，通过一个传感器或者多个传感器来检测车辆17的车辆位置，用以尽可能好地补偿发送线圈（或者说地面线圈）11和接收线圈（或者说车辆线圈）12之间的偏差，从而使得场聚集器13在车辆17下面找到优化的位置进而尽可能小地保持了耦合系数的方差。通过在车辆17下面利用场聚集器13填充气隙或者中间空间14也将异物在充电过程期间到达磁场内的异物的危险最小化。附加地，在感应式充电***10中减小了用于在传递线圈中和功率电子装置中的位置公差设计的花费。作为改善的耦合系数的结果也减小了在传递体积之外的杂散场强度。在车辆17停止使得车辆17中的接收线圈12处在发送线圈11上之后，可以开始对牵引电池18充电。在此，发送线圈11产生磁***变场。该磁***变场被接收线圈12接收并且被转换成电能。该电能接下来被提供用于给牵引电池18充电。为了将电能从车辆17反馈到能量供给网也可以反之将车辆17中的线圈用作发送线圈，该发送线圈产生磁场。充电站中的线圈于是用作接收线圈，该接收线圈接收磁场的能量并且转换成电能。该电能接下来可以保存到能量供给网中。
图2示出了用于感应式能量传递的装置10的替选的实施方式的示意图。关于图1的相同的元件设有相同的附图标记并且不进一步说明。在该图2中，场聚集器13非对称地实施并且可以通过合适的旋转和横向运动来补偿停车偏差。
图3示出了场聚集器13的示意图。关于图1或者图2相同的元件设有相同的附图标记并且不进一步说明。为了在从发送线圈11至接收线圈12感应式能量传递期间保证绝对没有不期望的对象（物件，例如金属、薄片等等，或者生物对象，例如动物等等）处在中间空间14中，场聚集器13配设有清洁装置25例如刷子或者空气刀。此外，场聚集器具有用于密封气隙或者中间空间14的装置21。附加地，场聚集器13具有用于自主定位的前进机构27。它们可以是轮子、轴、辊等等。该场聚集器具有一个传感器22或者多个传感器22，借助所述传感器，场聚集器处于最优的位置。这些传感器或者可以在车辆17上取向或者可以在车辆17的接收线圈12上取向。可以使用光学的、感应式的、超宽带雷达的、雷达的、射频识别的、超声波的或者电容式的传感器。替选地，传感器22可以设立在内部并使用发送线圈11和接收线圈12之间的传递磁场用以自取向。另外的可能性是通过调节发送线圈11和接收线圈12这样进行场聚集器13的位态控制，从而使传递的功率最大化。此外，场聚集器可以具有自身的充电线圈23，用以从在充电过程中建立的磁场中获得用于它的自身电池24或者场聚集器电池24充电的能量。
场聚集器13可以被用于多个充电位，这多个充电位具有用于感应式能量传递的多个装置10。充电位有利地串联布置并在时间上分级地全部由一个或者少量几个场聚集器13所服务。

Claims (9)

1.用于感应式能量传递的装置（10），所述感应式能量传递针对车辆（17）从所述车辆（17）的至少一个发送线圈（11）进行至与所述至少一个发送线圈（11）间隔开的至少一个接收线圈（12），其特征在于，在所述至少一个发送线圈（11）和所述至少一个接收线圈（12）之间布置场聚集器（13）。
2.按照权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述场聚集器（13）实施成能移动。
3.按照前述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述场聚集器（13）通过至少一个传感器（22）来检测所述车辆（17）的位置。
4.按照前述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个传感器（22）是光学传感器、感应式传感器、雷达传感器、超声波传感器或者以电容方式工作的传感器。
5.按照前述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述场聚集器（13）定位在所述至少一个发送线圈（11）和所述至少一个接收线圈（12）之间，使得所述至少一个发送线圈（11）和所述至少一个接收线圈（12）之间的耦合系数的方差尽可能小。
6.按照前述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述场聚集器（13）配设有升降单元（20）。
7.按照前述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述场聚集器（13）非对称地实施。
8.按照前述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述场聚集器（13）具有用于密封的装置（21）和/或用于清洁的装置（25）、优选柔性的唇部、刷子或者空气刀。
9.按照前述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述场聚集器（13）具有至少一个充电线圈（23），通过所述至少一个充电线圈能够给至少一个场聚集器电池（24）充电。
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